CLD populations Flashcards
Which speech sound difference is not usually seen among Asian speakers of English as a second language?
substitution of t for k (i.e., t/k), such as “tight” for “kite”
For Asian speakers, which speech sound substitution would not be expected?
substituting f for th (i.e., f/th), such as “toof” for “tooth”.
For Asian speakers, which speech sound substitution would be expected?
substituting t for th (i.e., t/th), such as “mout” for “mouth”, since most Asian languages do not have “th”
For Spanish speakers, which speech sound substitution would you expect?
ch for sh (e.g., chut instead of shut)
For spanish speakers, how would they pronounce a word with a voiced final consonant?
They would devoice it
For spanish speakers, what might they do to /t,d, and n/?
They may dentalize it (i.e., place the tip of their tongue against the back of their incisors)
For spanish speakers, how many vowels are there?
5 vowels (“Ah”, e as in bet, ee as in feet, o, and u)
For AAE speakers, what are some speech characteristics?
omit /l/ and /r/; substitute th for f,v,b, or t; devoice or omit final consonant; reduce diphthong; metasthesis; substitute i/e and n/ng and b/v; reduce consonant clusters; might put stress on different syllables in a word
What speech sounds are not present in Spanish?
voiceless and voiced th; sh; and j as in judge
When they encountered the letter h at the beginning of a word, spanish speakers may
not say the h sound; so the h is silent
What the speech characteristics of Asian speakers?
no short vowel a sound; substitutions of p/f and b/v; may devoice cognates; may confuse l and r and ch and sh ; may omit /r/; may epethesize; no voiced or voiceless th so they may say tin instead of thin; may shorten multisyllabic words; may delete final consonants; may reduce vowel length, so it sounds choppy
For speakers of Asian languages, it is common for them to do what?
omit the copula form
What variables influence one’s behavior in mainstream American life?
educational level; gender; religion; SES; how much they have acculturated into mainstream U.S. culture; where they were born; languages they speak; generational membership; urban vs rural backgrounds; age; how long they have lived in an area
What are misconceptions about AAE?
Children who use AAE must stop using it; AAE is an unpredictable langauge; all african-americans speak AAE; only african americans speak AAE; using a standardized assessment with a AAE speaker is a fair way to assess speech and language skills; AAE is a substandard form of mainstream English
What are the common speech characteristics of Spanish-influenced English speakers?
Words only end in different sounds (a,e,i,o,u,l,r,n,d,s); no voiced or voiceless th; no j sound so they may say “y”, /t, d, n/ dentalized; add a schwa before consonant clusters; final consonant devoicing; b/v substitution; ch/sh
What is the difference between simultenous bilingualism and sequential bilingualism?
simultaneous bilingualism is when two language are acquired at the same time; sequential bilingualism is when a baby learns L1 early and then l2 later in life
What is a dynamic assessment?
an assessment used with a CLD client where you teach them a skill and then you test them; if they don’t show the skill then it suggest a learning disability
What is the synergistic and differential recovery theory for stroke recovery for bilinguals?
both languages are impaired but not to the same degree; one may be more affected than the other; both languages may recover but not at the same time; most patients recover this way
What is the antagonistic recovery theory for stroke recovery for bilinguals?
one language returns at the expense of another language; very rare
What is the successive recovery theory for stroke recovery for bilinguals?
one language returns after another language has been completely restored
What is the selective recovery theory for stroke recovery for bilinguals?
one language never returns while another one does
