Aphasia/Right hemisphere Flashcards
Where is Broca’s Area located?
pars opercularis and pars triangularis region of the inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 44 and 45)
What are symptoms of Broca’s aphasia?
effortful speech, anomia, poor oral reading; writing problems; limited output; difficulties with expressive language; co-existing motor speech disorders; good auditory comprehension; limited function words; misarticulated speech sounds; poor understanding of different types of sentences; difficult for them to repeat sentences; right sided weakness; monotonous speech; agrammatic speech
What factors influence treatment outcomes for people with aphasia?
if they are young and healthy; if they have support; if they had a small lesion and mild to moderate language deficits; behavioral treatment that includes lots of imitation and modeling; typical vs intensive treatment as well; can hear and see well; get treatment immediately
When treating naming for patients with aphasia, what should you keep in mind?
use client specific and functional words; use modeling and then cues (e.g., phonemic cues and incomplete sentences)
What is an ischemic stroke?
stroke caused by a blockage in the artery that stops blood supply to the brain
What is a hemorrhagic stroke?
stroke caused by a ruptured blood vessel
Where is the site of lesion for someone with Wernicke’s Aphasia?
posterior 1/3 of the superior temporal gyrus in the LH, at times it can extend through the temporal region and into the parietal region
What cerebral artery supplies blood to Wernicke’s area?
left middle cerebral artery of the inferior/posterior branch
What are symptoms of someone with Wernicke’s aphasia?
severe anomia; lack conversational turn taking; anosognosia (lack of awareness about their deficit); poor auditory comprehension; reading and writing problems; abnormal fluency and rapid speech rate; no grammatical issues; semantic and literal paraphasias and circumloction; struggle with repetition
What area of the brain is damaged for Transcortical Motor Aphasia?
supplemental motor cortex and/or anterior to Broca’s area
What is the primary difference between Broca’s aphasia and Transcortical Motor aphasia?
Transcortical motor aphasia has intact repetition skill whereas Broca’s aphasia does not; comprehension is fine in TMA, but poor in Broca’s Aphasia
Damage to which part of the brain causes transcortical sensory aphasia?
posterior part of the middle temporal gyrus
What are symptoms of transcortical sensory aphasia?
Good repetition, issue wiht writing, issues with comprehension, so they struggle to answer Y/N questions and obey commands, fluent, good articulation, prosody is fine, paraphasic, empty speech, grammatical utterances, issues with naming so they pause for a while to recall words; trouble comprehending what they read.
What do conduction aphasia and anomic aphasia have in common?
They both can comprehend language; and there is word finding difficulties
What is the difference between conduction aphasia and anomic aphasia?
conduction aphasia has poor repetition, but anomic aphasia does not; however, anomic aphasia does use word fillers and circumlocution
What is thrombosis?
when a clot blocks arteries and veins
What is pure alexia?
pure word blindness or alexia without agraphia; writing skills and visual recognition is intact
What two occurences can cause an ischemic stroke?
thrombosis (i.e., collection of blood materials that block blood flow to the brain) or embolism (Traveling mass of arterial clumps that block blood flow to the brain)
What part of the brain is damaged for Transcortical sensory aphasia?
temporoparietal region
What part of the brain is damaged for transcortical motor sensory aphasia?
anterior superior region of the language dominant hemisphere
What Brodmann Area is Wernicke’s Area?
Brodmann Area 22
What are characteristics of individuals with alexia?
Alexia is the partial or complete inability to read; this also leads to difficulty perceiving and comprehending written language
What is pure alexia?
type of alexia in which the person can still write and spell and has normal language functions. However, he or she may have mild anomia and trouble with recognizing written words. They can recognize words spelled aloud to them as well as identify and name individual letters. caused by damage to the inferior occipitotemporal region, which is thought to contain the visual word form area
What is surface alexia?
type of alexia in which a person relies on the pronunciation of written words in order to understand what they mean. Consequently, they struggle with homophones, reading comprehension, and recognizing written words
What part of the brain is damaged in surface alexia?
temporoparietal region of the left hemisphere
What is phonological alexia?
Type of alexia in which a person does not understand words by sounding them out and they struggle to read functor words (e.g., prepositions, conjunctions)
What part of the brain is damaged in phonological alexia?
variable lesions, but with lesions mainly in the superior temporal lobe
What is deep alexia?
type of alexia in which a person produces semantic paralexias (e.g., producing words that share a meaning with the written target word) and struggle with reading fake words and words with affixes (e.g., unhealthy). It is considered a severe form of phonological alexia
What part of the brain is damaged in deep alexia?
much of the left frontal lobe and it extends posteriorly
What is the angular gyrus? What happens to it when it is damaged?
BA 39; sends visual information to Wernicke’s area to make meaning out of the word; Gerstermann syndrome can result when BA 39 is damaged in which there is alexia, agnosia, acalculia, left-right confusion, and agraphia
What is dyslexia?
a learning disorder where a person struggles to read because of issues with phonological awareness, phonemic awareness, and decoding
What are factors to promoting auditory comprehension?
using alerting stimuli before presenting the evoking stimulus; repeating instructions and messages continuously; pausing often when speaking
What is PACE?
Promoting Aphasics’ Communicative Effectiveness; A treatment protocol aimed at helping a client with aphasia expand their utterances to communicate effectively; the client and clinician take turns being the listener and the speaker
What is The Helm Elicited Language Program for Syntax Stimulation?
another treatment technique to expand a client with aphasia’s utterances by telling an incomplete story and asking the client to complete it by answering WH-questions
What is Response Elaboration Training?
another treatment technique to expand a client with aphasia’s utterances by asking the client to elaborate on information they provided. It is used to teach them procedural discourse and personal recounts
What is constraint induced aphasia training?
CIAT; a group therapy model in which participants can only speak verbally
What is agnosia?
impaired understanding of meaning of certain stimuli without peripheral sensory impairment
What is auditory agnosia?
struggle to understand the meaning of what they hear and struggle to match objects with their sounds
What is auditory verbal agnosia?
pure word deafness; struggle to understand spoken words
What area of the brain is damaged in auditory agnosia?
bilateral damage to the auditory association area
What area of the brain is damaged in auditory verbal agnosia?
bilateral temporal lob lesions that isolate Wernicke’s area
What is visual agnosia?
impaired visual recognition of objects
What area of the brain is damaged in visual agnosia?
bilateral occipital lobe damage or posterior parietal lobe damage
What may accompany aphasia?
alexia; agraphia; and agnosia
What part of the brain is damaged for anomic aphasia?
angular gyrus, junction of the temporoparietal lobes; second temporal gyrus
When treating naming, the clinician should do so in the context of
discourse, narratives, and conversation
