chapter fourteen Flashcards
(cellular respiration)- breakdown of _____ to CO2 and H2O can occur in _____ step or by controlled steps
sugars, one
(cellular respiration)- breakdown of sugars into CO2 and H2O can capture the ____ in _____ carriers
energy; active
glycolysis occurs where
cytoplasm
the krebs cycle occurs where
mitochondrial matrix
oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the
inner mitochondrial membrane
what are the 3 stages of catabolism
digestion
glycolysis
citric acid cycle
catabolism does what
breaks down larger molecules into simple molecules
catabolism allows simple molecules to be broken down into ___ and _____ through catabolic pathways
CO2; H2O
glucose is broken down to _ pyruvate molecules, yeilding 2 ____ and 2 _____
2; NADH; ATP
4 main types of glycolysis enzymes
kinase
isomerase
dehydrogenase
mutase
energy invested in the initial stages of glycolysis is _____ in the later stages
recovered
______ organisms use glycolysis as their main energy source
anaerobic
anaerobic organisms use a different molecule rather than ____ as the final electron acceptor
O2
in skeletal muscle cells or yeast, ____ _____ can be used to produce energy
anaerobic metabolism
______ from glycolysis is moved into mitochondria by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
pyruvate
movement of pyruvate releases ____ and produces ____ and _____
CO2; NADH; acetyl CoA
fatty acids are degraded where
mitochondria
fatty acids are coupled to ___ and transferred across inner mitochondrial membrane
CoA
_____ is removed step wise from the fatty acid, reducing energy is ______ by these steps
acetyl-CoA; recovered
in what process does 2 carbon acetyl CoA combine with 4 carbon oxaloacetate to form citric acid
krebs cycle
within each krebs cycle ___ CO2 are released, __ NADH and __ GTP and _ FADH2 are produced
2; 3; 1; 1
___ is a high energyv nucleotide like ATP and it can be interconverted to ATP easily
GTP
______ is an energy carrier molecule that holds reducing energy
FADH2
products of catabolic pathways such as, NADH AND FADH2 are used to make _____ in a process called oxidative phosphorylation using ______ transport chain
ATP; electron
