Ch. 12

Question 1

the plasma membrane is ____ and _____

Answer 1

thin and deformable

Question 2

the membranes regulate the exchange of ___ and ____, this is necessary for their survival

Answer 2

ions and solutes

Question 3

plasma membrane ___ and ___ signals and participates in _____ of cells

Answer 3

receives and transmits, movement

Question 4

eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles that _____ ______ surrounding them

Answer 4

lipid bilayers

Question 5

biological membranes are bilayer of membrane _____ sheets, they have membrane proteins embedded in them

Answer 5

lipid

Question 6

the bilayer is mostly composed of _______ with a phosphate containing a ______ head and a ______ tail

Answer 6

phospholipids, hydrophilic, hydrophobic

Question 7

if a molecule has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts it is

Answer 7

amphipathic

Question 8

what part of the lipid bilayer is exposed

Answer 8

hydrophilic head

Question 9

free edges are not energetically ______

Answer 9

favorable

Question 10

bilayers form ___ or ____ spontaneously in aqueous solution

Answer 10

spheres, liposomes

Question 11

tears or punctures in membranes _____ and _____ repair themselves

Answer 11

rapidly and spontaneously

Question 12

______ fills space in the membrane and affects membrane fluidity

Answer 12

cholesterol

Question 13

lipids are synthesized where

Answer 13

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

enzymes that move lipids from one leaflet to another is called ______ and _______

Answer 14

scramblases and flippases

Question 15

scramblases are found in ______

Answer 15

ER

Question 16

randomly mix membrane lipids to balance luminal and cytosolic leaflets of the bilayer

Answer 16

scramblases

Question 17

flipases are found where

Answer 17

golgi complex

Question 18

enzymes are specific to diff. phospholipids and establish the correct membrane lipid asymmetry

Answer 18

flipases

Question 19

membrane lipid compositions on each leaflet are ______

Answer 19

asymmetric

Question 20

serve as anchors, signals, and enzymes on membrane

Answer 20

membrane proteins

Question 21

membrane proteins that extend through the membrane

Answer 21

transmembrane

Question 22

embedded in the membrane are what type of membrane proteins

Answer 22

integral

Question 23

membrane channels create a ______ pore that allow ions to move from one side to another

Answer 23

hydrophilic

Question 24

porin proteins (beta barreled) form large pores in the outer membrane, they contain ______ R -groups facing the membrane interior

Answer 24

hydrophobic

Question 25

detergents are _____ molecules that disrupt membranes and solubilize proteins (single hydrophobic tail)

Answer 25

amphipathic

Question 26

cytoskeletal structures are associated with ______ proteins, which gives the membrane strength and flexibility

Answer 26

membrane

Question 27

anchoring structure bound to membrane proteins produces what

Answer 27

membrane domains (specialized regions)

Question 28

lipids and proteins on the extracellular surface of cells are ________

Answer 28

glycosylated

Question 29

layer on carbohydrate on the outside of the cell is called _____

Answer 29

glycocalyx

Question 30

glycocalyx is used for cell _______

Answer 30

recognition

Question 31

immune cells respond to changes in _______ in blood vessels when there is an infection

Answer 31

glycocalyx