chapter fifteen

Question 1

oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis produce _____ that is used for ATP production

Answer 1

proton gradient

Question 2

_______ moves protons against the electrochemical gradient using reducing power

Answer 2

electron transport

Question 3

the electrochemical gradient is harnessed to produce _____

Answer 3

ATP

Question 4

the ______ ______is well established and now referred to as the chemiosmotic coupling

Answer 4

chemiosmotic hypothesis

Question 5

_____ ______ states that these organelles were once free living bacteria that become incorporated into cells

Answer 5

endosymbiotic hypothesis

Question 6

____ are found in high number in cells that utilize a lot of energy

Answer 6

mtichondria

Question 7

______ have a double membrane structure

Answer 7

mitochondria

Question 8

______ membrane of mitochondria is folded to increase surface area and has the highest protein content of any known membrane

Answer 8

inner

Question 9

_____ of sugar produces high energy electron carrier like NADH

Answer 9

catabolism

Question 10

high energy electron carriers produce ____ ____ _____ (electrochemical gradient ) through electron transport chain

Answer 10

proton motive force

Question 11

the proton motive force is used to produce _____

Answer 11

ATP

Question 12

The overall process of producing ATP from chemiosmotic gradient is called (uses O2)

Answer 12

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 13

over 40 proteins and electron carrier molecules produce the ______ _____ complexes

Answer 13

respiratory enzyme

Question 14

respiratory enzyme complexes carry ______ and move ______ producing ______

Answer 14

electrons, protons, electrochemical gradient

Question 15

from the respiratory chain, 3 things are produced. what are they?

Answer 15

concentration gradient, membrane potential, and pH gradient

Question 16

concentration gradient, membrane potential, and pH gradient combined and calculated using nernst equation is the ____ ____ ____

Answer 16

proton motive force

Question 17

_____ ____ is a large protein complex that uses the proton gradient to drive rotation of Fo complex

Answer 17

ATP synthase

Question 18

ATP and ADP must be exchanged to get ATP into the ________ to do work

Answer 18

cytoplasm

Question 19

cell respiration is about _____ efficient

Answer 19

50%

Question 20

electron carriers have an _____ _____ potential, which is a measure of electron donor or electron acceptor potential

Answer 20

increasing redox

Question 21

lowest redox potential is found in?

Answer 21

NADH

Question 22

the highest redox potential is found in? (also the final electron acceptor)

Answer 22

oxygen

Question 23

where does photosynthesis take place

Answer 23

chloroplasy

Question 24

what is produced photosynthesis and what is this energy used for

Answer 24

NADH, ATP; to fix carbon

Question 25

chloroplasts are _____ membrane organelles with internal membranes such as thylakoids, stacked into ______

Answer 25

double ; granna

Question 26

chlorophyll absorbs ____ and _____ light but not _____ light

Answer 26

blue, red, green

Question 27

in the thylakoid membranes, chlorophyll is held in multiprotein complexes that create _____ complexes that funnel energy to the ___ ____ of chlorophyll molecules

Answer 27

antenna, special pair

Question 28

light energy allows charge seperation in the special pair, producing a flow of _______

Answer 28

electrons

Question 29

light causes the flow of electrons to plastoquinone to a proton pump, and _____ can be made

Answer 29

ATP

Question 30

the special pair is in what photosystem

Answer 30

I

Question 31

____ is a highly abundant enzyme, most common protein on earth which catalyzes carbon fixation

Answer 31

rubisco

Question 32

ATP and NADPH are used in the ____ ____ to fix carbon anf regenerate 5 carbon ribulose

Answer 32

calvin cycle