chapter fifteen Flashcards
oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis produce _____ that is used for ATP production
proton gradient
_______ moves protons against the electrochemical gradient using reducing power
electron transport
the electrochemical gradient is harnessed to produce _____
ATP
the ______ ______is well established and now referred to as the chemiosmotic coupling
chemiosmotic hypothesis
_____ ______ states that these organelles were once free living bacteria that become incorporated into cells
endosymbiotic hypothesis
____ are found in high number in cells that utilize a lot of energy
mtichondria
______ have a double membrane structure
mitochondria
______ membrane of mitochondria is folded to increase surface area and has the highest protein content of any known membrane
inner
_____ of sugar produces high energy electron carrier like NADH
catabolism
high energy electron carriers produce ____ ____ _____ (electrochemical gradient ) through electron transport chain
proton motive force
the proton motive force is used to produce _____
ATP
The overall process of producing ATP from chemiosmotic gradient is called (uses O2)
oxidative phosphorylation
over 40 proteins and electron carrier molecules produce the ______ _____ complexes
respiratory enzyme
respiratory enzyme complexes carry ______ and move ______ producing ______
electrons, protons, electrochemical gradient
from the respiratory chain, 3 things are produced. what are they?
concentration gradient, membrane potential, and pH gradient
concentration gradient, membrane potential, and pH gradient combined and calculated using nernst equation is the ____ ____ ____
proton motive force
_____ ____ is a large protein complex that uses the proton gradient to drive rotation of Fo complex
ATP synthase
ATP and ADP must be exchanged to get ATP into the ________ to do work
cytoplasm
cell respiration is about _____ efficient
50%
electron carriers have an _____ _____ potential, which is a measure of electron donor or electron acceptor potential
increasing redox
lowest redox potential is found in?
NADH
the highest redox potential is found in? (also the final electron acceptor)
oxygen
where does photosynthesis take place
chloroplasy
what is produced photosynthesis and what is this energy used for
NADH, ATP; to fix carbon
chloroplasts are _____ membrane organelles with internal membranes such as thylakoids, stacked into ______
double ; granna
chlorophyll absorbs ____ and _____ light but not _____ light
blue, red, green
in the thylakoid membranes, chlorophyll is held in multiprotein complexes that create _____ complexes that funnel energy to the ___ ____ of chlorophyll molecules
antenna, special pair
light energy allows charge seperation in the special pair, producing a flow of _______
electrons
light causes the flow of electrons to plastoquinone to a proton pump, and _____ can be made
ATP
the special pair is in what photosystem
I
____ is a highly abundant enzyme, most common protein on earth which catalyzes carbon fixation
rubisco
ATP and NADPH are used in the ____ ____ to fix carbon anf regenerate 5 carbon ribulose
calvin cycle
