Ch.2 Flashcards
which elements represent the majority of organic molecules
C, H and O
amino acids and proteins are made up of
carboxylic acid, amino groups, and R group
how many amino acids exist
20
what reaction combines two hydroxyl groups to form water
condensation
diffusion of a molecule depends on what two factors
polarity and size
the nucleus contains what
protons and neutrons
the mass of an atom is _____ + ______
protons, neutrons
how much of the cell is water
70%
electrons are transferred between atoms in what kind of bond
ionic
electrons are unequally shared between atoms in what bond
covalent
single bonds can ______ but double bonds are ______
rotate, rigid
unequal sharing of electrons produces _______
electronegativity
the energy of a covalent bond is important for biological interactions because it allows _______ and _______ of energy
storage, release
if a molecule binds with water it is
hydrophilic
examples of non covalent bonds
electrostatic attraction, van der waals, and hydrophobic forces
disaccharide bonds are broken through _____ and formed by ______
hydrolysis, condensation
amino acids form polypeptides or proteins by _________
condensation reactions
nucleotides contain (3 important things)
ribose sugar attached to organic base and phosphates
condensation reactions link nucleotides together to form ________ bonds, which in turn make nucleic acids
phosphodiester
_____ make up majority of cellular material, in second is ______
proteins, water
________ bonds within proteins determine their conformation
noncovalent
