Ch.2

Question 1

which elements represent the majority of organic molecules

Answer 1

C, H and O

Question 2

amino acids and proteins are made up of

Answer 2

carboxylic acid, amino groups, and R group

Question 3

how many amino acids exist

Answer 3

20

Question 4

what reaction combines two hydroxyl groups to form water

Answer 4

condensation

Question 5

diffusion of a molecule depends on what two factors

Answer 5

polarity and size

Question 6

the nucleus contains what

Answer 6

protons and neutrons

Question 7

the mass of an atom is _____ + ______

Answer 7

protons, neutrons

Question 8

how much of the cell is water

Answer 8

70%

Question 9

electrons are transferred between atoms in what kind of bond

Answer 9

ionic

Question 10

electrons are unequally shared between atoms in what bond

Answer 10

covalent

Question 11

single bonds can ______ but double bonds are ______

Answer 11

rotate, rigid

Question 12

unequal sharing of electrons produces _______

Answer 12

electronegativity

Question 13

the energy of a covalent bond is important for biological interactions because it allows _______ and _______ of energy

Answer 13

storage, release

Question 14

if a molecule binds with water it is

Answer 14

hydrophilic

Question 15

examples of non covalent bonds

Answer 15

electrostatic attraction, van der waals, and hydrophobic forces

Question 16

disaccharide bonds are broken through _____ and formed by ______

Answer 16

hydrolysis, condensation

Question 17

amino acids form polypeptides or proteins by _________

Answer 17

condensation reactions

Question 18

nucleotides contain (3 important things)

Answer 18

ribose sugar attached to organic base and phosphates

Question 19

condensation reactions link nucleotides together to form ________ bonds, which in turn make nucleic acids

Answer 19

phosphodiester

Question 20

_____ make up majority of cellular material, in second is ______

Answer 20

proteins, water

Question 21

________ bonds within proteins determine their conformation

Answer 21

noncovalent