Ch. 1 Flashcards
Cells are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
cell theory
membrane-bound organelles, multi-cellular, contain and a nucleus and mitochondria
Eukaryotes
simple cells that contain ribosomes but no nucleus; presence of a cell wall
prokaryotes
two distinct branches of prokaryotes
bacteria and archea
major divisions of eukaryotes
humans, plants, fungi
mitochondria and chloroplasts resemble prokaryotes; eukaryotic cells may have joined together from many to form one
endosymbiotic hypothesis
a system of protein filaments which direct movements within the cell is called
cytoskeleton
how many genes are in the human genome
19,000
has many roles within the cell including production, processing, and transportation of lipids and proteins
endoplasmic reticulum
modifies and packages materials exported out of the cell
golgi apparatus
thinnest of the protein filaments
actin
thickest of the protein filaments
microtubules
the third protein filament which is between sizes
intermediate
first ancestral cell originated when
3 billion years ago
what kind of microscope provides highest resolution
electron
each amino acid has what four groups
R group, amino, carboxylic acid, and a hydrogen
are acidic amino acids polar or nonpolar
polar
synthesizes rRNA
nucleolus
synthesizes essential lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol (important for membrane)
smooth ER
produce, fold, and quality control of proteins
rough ER
food gets broken down
lysosome
assist with cell movement
microfilaments
assist in providing shape to cell
microtubules
carry out protein synthesis in mRNA and tRNA
ribosomes
