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cell biology > Ch. 1 > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cells are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.

A

cell theory

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2
Q

membrane-bound organelles, multi-cellular, contain and a nucleus and mitochondria

A

Eukaryotes

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3
Q

simple cells that contain ribosomes but no nucleus; presence of a cell wall

A

prokaryotes

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4
Q

two distinct branches of prokaryotes

A

bacteria and archea

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5
Q

major divisions of eukaryotes

A

humans, plants, fungi

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6
Q

mitochondria and chloroplasts resemble prokaryotes; eukaryotic cells may have joined together from many to form one

A

endosymbiotic hypothesis

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7
Q

a system of protein filaments which direct movements within the cell is called

A

cytoskeleton

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8
Q

how many genes are in the human genome

A

19,000

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9
Q

has many roles within the cell including production, processing, and transportation of lipids and proteins

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

modifies and packages materials exported out of the cell

A

golgi apparatus

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11
Q

thinnest of the protein filaments

A

actin

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12
Q

thickest of the protein filaments

A

microtubules

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13
Q

the third protein filament which is between sizes

A

intermediate

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14
Q

first ancestral cell originated when

A

3 billion years ago

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15
Q

what kind of microscope provides highest resolution

A

electron

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16
Q

each amino acid has what four groups

A

R group, amino, carboxylic acid, and a hydrogen

17
Q

are acidic amino acids polar or nonpolar

A

polar

18
Q

synthesizes rRNA

A

nucleolus

19
Q

synthesizes essential lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol (important for membrane)

A

smooth ER

20
Q

produce, fold, and quality control of proteins

A

rough ER

21
Q

food gets broken down

A

lysosome

22
Q

assist with cell movement

A

microfilaments

23
Q

assist in providing shape to cell

A

microtubules

24
Q

carry out protein synthesis in mRNA and tRNA

A

ribosomes

cell biology (20 decks)

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