Ch.3

Question 1

5 types of activated carriers

Answer 1

ATP, NADH, FADH, NADH, GTP, Acetyl CoA

Question 2

Energy carrier molecules have _____ energy

Answer 2

reducing

Question 3

the most common activated carrier is

Answer 3

ATP

Question 4

formation of an activated carrier is coupled to an energetically _______ reaction

Answer 4

favorable

Question 5

catalysts are ______ by participating in the chemical reaction

Answer 5

unchanged

Question 6

cells break down sugars and organic molecules through ______

Answer 6

respiration

Question 7

respiration produces ______ + _______

Answer 7

CO2 and H2O

Question 8

photosynthesis produces _____

Answer 8

sugars

Question 9

metabolism is _____ and _______

Answer 9

catabolic, anabolic

Question 10

_____ breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules, generating useful energy

Answer 10

catabolism

Question 11

______ uses energy from catabolism to drive synthesis to useful molecules

Answer 11

anabolism

Question 12

_______ forces are powerful forces in protein folding

Answer 12

hydrophobic

Question 13

______ sequences determine protein folding

Answer 13

protein

Question 14

_____ protein folding is too slow for most processes in the cell

Answer 14

spontaneous

Question 15

_______ proteins increase protein folding rates

Answer 15

chaperone

Question 16

single nucleotide sequence

Answer 16

primary

Question 17

specific folding protein folding motifs (beta sheet, alpha helix)

Answer 17

secondary

Question 18

the overall structure of the folded polypeptide

Answer 18

tertiary

Question 19

more than one polypeptide chain

Answer 19

quartenary

Question 20

coiled-coils (2 and 3 strands) and lipid bilayer are examples of what protein structure

Answer 20

secondary

Question 21

beta sheets can be formed by parallel or anti parallel strands, true or false?

Answer 21

true

Question 22

covalent linkages between mehtionine by sulfer-sulfur bonds by oxidation (between single polypeptide or diff. subunits; form in the ER)

Answer 22

disulfide bridges

Question 23

molecules bound by a protein, highly specific at binding site

Answer 23

ligand

Question 24

cleaves carbohydrate chains in bacterial cell wall (lyses bacteria)

Answer 24

lysozyme

Question 25

feedback mechanisms are often regulated by _____ interactions

Answer 25

allosteric

Question 26

______ consists of binding molecules ay specific sites which change conformation and affect enzyme activity

Answer 26

allostery

Question 27

phosphorylation is a type of protein ________

Answer 27

regulation

Question 28

protein kinases phosphorylate specific amino acids and change the proteins ______

Answer 28

conformation

Question 29

acetylation, methylation, ubiquitinylation, palmitylation are all examples of _______ _______ modifications (protein regulation)

Answer 29

reversible covalent

Question 30

GTP-binding proteins regulate what

Answer 30

protein activity and cell signaling pathways

Question 31

myosein and dynein are ______ _______ which move cargo along cytoskeletal filaments

Answer 31

motor proteins

Question 32

acetylation and phosphorylation ________ transcription

Answer 32

increase

Question 33

methylation _______ transcription

Answer 33

decrease