Ch.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

5 types of activated carriers

A

ATP, NADH, FADH, NADH, GTP, Acetyl CoA

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2
Q

Energy carrier molecules have _____ energy

A

reducing

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3
Q

the most common activated carrier is

A

ATP

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4
Q

formation of an activated carrier is coupled to an energetically _______ reaction

A

favorable

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5
Q

catalysts are ______ by participating in the chemical reaction

A

unchanged

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6
Q

cells break down sugars and organic molecules through ______

A

respiration

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7
Q

respiration produces ______ + _______

A

CO2 and H2O

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8
Q

photosynthesis produces _____

A

sugars

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9
Q

metabolism is _____ and _______

A

catabolic, anabolic

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10
Q

_____ breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules, generating useful energy

A

catabolism

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11
Q

______ uses energy from catabolism to drive synthesis to useful molecules

A

anabolism

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12
Q

_______ forces are powerful forces in protein folding

A

hydrophobic

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13
Q

______ sequences determine protein folding

A

protein

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14
Q

_____ protein folding is too slow for most processes in the cell

A

spontaneous

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15
Q

_______ proteins increase protein folding rates

A

chaperone

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16
Q

single nucleotide sequence

A

primary

17
Q

specific folding protein folding motifs (beta sheet, alpha helix)

A

secondary

18
Q

the overall structure of the folded polypeptide

A

tertiary

19
Q

more than one polypeptide chain

A

quartenary

20
Q

coiled-coils (2 and 3 strands) and lipid bilayer are examples of what protein structure

A

secondary

21
Q

beta sheets can be formed by parallel or anti parallel strands, true or false?

A

true

22
Q

covalent linkages between mehtionine by sulfer-sulfur bonds by oxidation (between single polypeptide or diff. subunits; form in the ER)

A

disulfide bridges

23
Q

molecules bound by a protein, highly specific at binding site

A

ligand

24
Q

cleaves carbohydrate chains in bacterial cell wall (lyses bacteria)

A

lysozyme

25
Q

feedback mechanisms are often regulated by _____ interactions

A

allosteric

26
Q

______ consists of binding molecules ay specific sites which change conformation and affect enzyme activity

A

allostery

27
Q

phosphorylation is a type of protein ________

A

regulation

28
Q

protein kinases phosphorylate specific amino acids and change the proteins ______

A

conformation

29
Q

acetylation, methylation, ubiquitinylation, palmitylation are all examples of _______ _______ modifications (protein regulation)

A

reversible covalent

30
Q

GTP-binding proteins regulate what

A

protein activity and cell signaling pathways

31
Q

myosein and dynein are ______ _______ which move cargo along cytoskeletal filaments

A

motor proteins

32
Q

acetylation and phosphorylation ________ transcription

A

increase

33
Q

methylation _______ transcription

A

decrease