Chapter 9 Review from Textbook

Question 1

Hull theorized that a nonspecific intense

Answer 1

Internal arousal-drive-motivates behavior.

Question 2

Several classes of stimuli (deprivation and intense environmental events) are inherently capable of initiating drive

Answer 2

And any stimuli associated with these innate drive stimuli develop the capacity to produce drive through the Pavlovian conditioning process.

Question 3

Reward, and stimuli associated with reward

Answer 3

Are also able to produce arousal and motivate behavior.

Question 4

According to Hull, specific stimuli are capable of eliciting several behaviors, and the behavior with the strongest bond (or habit strength) will be repeated.

Answer 4

The bond strengthens if the behavior produces drive reduction.

Question 5

Spence suggested that the association of environmental events with reward causes

Answer 5

The development of a conditioned anticipatory goal response, which acts to motivate the approach to reward.

Question 6

Amsel proposed that an anticipatory frustration response is conditioned as a result of

Answer 6

The association of environmental events with nonreward, which acts to motivate avoidance of nonreward.

Question 7

Guthrie suggested that when a stimulus and response occur together, they automatically become associated

Answer 7

And when the stimulus is encountered again, it will produce the response.

Question 8

According to Guthrie, reward alters the stimulus environment

Answer 8

Thereby precluding the acquisition of any new competing S-R associations.

Question 9

Practice increases the number of stimuli associated with a response and

Answer 9

Thereby increases the intensity of that response.

Question 10

Guthrie proposed 3 methods (Fatigue, Threshold, and Incompatible Stimuli)

Answer 10

Of breaking a habit, or replacing an old undesired habit with a new habit.

Question 11

Tolman proposed that behavior is goal oriented

Answer 11

An animal is motivated to reach specific goals and will continue to search until the goal is reached.

Question 12

According to Tolman, expectations determine the

Answer 12

Specific behavior we perform to obtain reward or avoid punishment.

Question 13

Tolman proposed that reward is not necessary for learning to occur and

Answer 13

That reward affects performance but not learning.