Chapter 8 Key Terms Flashcards
Animal Misbehavior
Operant behavior that deteriorates, rather than improves, with continued reinforcement due to the elicitation of an instinctive behavior that reduces the effectiveness of the operant response
Anxious Relationship
The relationship developed between a mother and her infant when the mother is indifferent to her infant
Associative Learning View of Imprinting
The idea that attraction to the imprinting object develops because of its arousal-reducing properties
Behavior Systems Approach
The idea that learning evolved as a modifier of innate behavior systems and functions to change the integration, tuning, instigation, or linkages within a particular system
Concurrent Interference
The prevention of learning when a stimulus intervenes between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli or when a behavior occurs between the operant response and reinforcement
Constraint
When learning occurs less rapidly or less completely than expected
Dorsal Amygdala
The section of the amygdala responsible for maternal approach behaviors in children and adolescent humans
Flavor Preference
A preference for a specific flavor as a result of flavor-sweetness and/or flavor-nutrient associations
Imprinting
The Development of a social attachment to a stimulus experienced during a sensitive period of development
Instinctive Drift
When operant behavior deteriorates despite continued reinforcement due to the elicitation of instinctive behaviors
Instinctive View of Imprinting
The view that imprinting is a genetically programmed form of learning
Interim Behavior
The behavior that follows reinforcement when an animal is reinforced on an interval schedule of reinforcement
Learned-Safety Theory of Flavor Aversion Learning
The recognition that a food can be safely consumed wen illness does not follow food consumption
Long-Delay Learning
The association of a flavor with an illness or positive nutritional consequences that occurred even several hours after the flavor was consumed
Medial Forebrain Bundle (MFB)
The area of the limbic system that is part of the brain’s reinforcement center
Mesolimbic Reinforcement System
A central nervous system, or collection of structures, that mediates the influence of reinforcement on behavior
Nigrostriatal Pathway
A neural pathway that begins in the substantia nigra and projects to the neostriatum and that serves to facilitate reinforcement-induced enhancement of memory consolidation
Predisposition
Instances where learning occurs more rapidly or in a different form than expected
Schedule-Induced Behavior
The high levels of instinctive behavior that occur following reinforcement on an interval schedule
Schedule-Induced Polydipsia (SIP)
The high levels of water consumption following food reinforcement on an interval schedule
Secure Relationship
The establishment of a strong bond between a mother who is sensitive and responsive to her infant
Species-Specific Defense Reactions (SSDRs)
An instinctive reaction, elicited by signals of danger, allowing the avoidance of an aversive event
Stimulus-Bound Behavior
Behavior tied to the prevailing environmental conditions and elicited by stimulation of the brain’s reinforcement center
Superstitious Behavior
A “ritualistic” stereotyped pattern of behavior exhibited during the interval between reinforcements
Tegmentostriatal Pathway
A neural pathway that begins in the lateral hypothalamus, goes through the medial forebrain bundle and ventral tegmental area, terminates the nucleus accumbens, and governs the motivation properties of reinforcements
Terminal Behavior
The behavior that just precedes reinforcement when an animal is reinforced on an interval schedule of reinforcement
Ventral Tegmental Area
A structure in the tegmentostriatal reinforcement system that projects to the nucleus accumbens
