Chapter 6 Key Terms

Question 1

Active Avoidance Response

Answer 1

An overt response to a feared stimulus that prevents an aversive event

Question 2

Amygdala

Answer 2

A central nervous system structure aroused by emotional events

Question 3

Avoidance Response

Answer 3

A behavioral response that prevents an aversive event

Question 4

Escape Response

Answer 4

A behavioral response to an aversive event that is reinforced by the termination of the aversive event

Question 5

Flooding

Answer 5

Also known as a response prevention, a behavior therapy in which a phobia is eliminated by forced exposure to the feared stimulus without an aversive consequence

Question 6

Modeling

Answer 6

The acquisition of behavior as a result of observing the experiences of others

Question 7

Negative Punishment

Answer 7

A loss or unavailability of reinforcement because of inappropriate behavior

Question 8

Omission Training

Answer 8

A schedule of reinforcement in which the absence of response leads to reinforcement

Question 9

Pain-Induced Aggression

Answer 9

Anger and aggressive behavior elicited by punishment

Question 10

Passive Avoidance Response

Answer 10

A contingency in which the absence of responding leads to the prevention of an aversive event

Question 11

Positive Punishment

Answer 11

The use of a physically or psychologically painful event as the punishment

Question 12

Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 12

This area of the brain that selects the experiences to be held in working memory, maintains those experiences in working memory, integrates experience that are separated over time, and monitors the experiences being held in working memory; This brain structure also encodes the probability of success and the value of success and makes choices (executive control) according to the predictions of he matching law

Question 13

Punishment

Answer 13

A means of eliminating undesired behavior by using an aversive event that is contingent upon the occurrence of the inappropriate behavior

Question 14

Response Cost

Answer 14

A negative punishment technique in which an undesired response results in either the withdrawal of or failure to obtain reinforcement

Question 15

Response Prevention

Answer 15

Also known as flooding, a behavior therapy in which a phobia is eliminated by forced exposure to the feared stimulus without an aversive consequence

Question 16

Time-Out from Reinforcement

Answer 16

A negative punishment technique in which an inappropriate behavior leads to a period of time during which reinforcement is unavailable

Question 17

Vicious Circle Behavior

Answer 17

An escape response that continues despite punishment due to a failure to recognize that the absence of the escape behavior will not be punished