Chapter 12 Key Terms Flashcards
Acoustic Code
The transformation of visual experiences into an auditory message
Anterograde amnesia
Inability to recall
events that occur after some disturbance to
the brain
Atkinson-Shiffrin 3 Stage Model
The view that an experience is sequentially stored in the sensory register, short-term store, and long- term store
Basal Ganglia
The central nervous system structure involved in the storage and retrieval of procedural memories
Central Executive
The process that coordinates rehearsal systems and retrieves memory from and transfers information to permanent memory
Chunking
The combining of several units of information into a single unit
Clustering
The recall of information in specific categories
Coding
The transformation of an experience into a totally new form
Cued Recall
A memory task that provides a stimulus that is part of the learned experience
Declarative Memory
Factual memory, or the memory of specific events
Elaborative Rehearsal
The organization of experiences while information is maintained in the short-term store
Episodic Buffer
The system that binds
visual and verbal information in the longterm store and retrieves information from
the short term.
Episodic Memory
The memory of temporally related events, or the time and place of an experience
Explicit Measures of Memory
Observable measures of the strength of a memory
Flashbulb Memory
A vivid, detailed, and long-lasting memory of a very intense experience
Free Recall
A memory task that requires recall with no cues available
Haptic Memory
Sensory memory for a tactile experience
Hierarchical Approach
The theory that semantic memory consists of hierarchical networks of interconnected concept nodes
Icon
The visual copy of an event contained in the sensory register
Iconic Memory
The visual memory of an event stored in the sensory register
Implicit Measures of Memory
Measures that provide an indirect assessment of the strength of a memory
Interference
An inability to recall a specific memory due to the presence of other memories
Maintenance Rehearsal
The mere repetition of information in the short-term store
Medial Temporal Lobe
A central nervous system structure, containing the hippocampus and surrounding cortical areas, that is involved in the storage and retrieval of experiences
Mediodorsal Thalamus
A central nervous system structure involved in the storage of experiences
Memory Attributes
Salient aspects of an event whose presence can lead to retrieval of the past event
Long-Term Store
The site of permanent memory storage
Parallel Distributed Processing Model
The theory that semantic memory is composed of a series of interconnected associative networks and that semantic knowledge arises from specific patterns of neural activity
Partial Report Technique
Sperling’s procedure requiring subjects to report one of three lines of a visual array shortly after the visual array ended
Phonological Loop
A rehearsal system that holds and analyzes verbal information
Priming
The facilitation of recall of specific information following exposure to closely related information
Procedural Memory
A skill memory or the memory of a highly practiced behavior
Rehearsal
The repetition of an event that keeps the memory of that event in the short-term store
Rehearsal Systems Approach
The view that information is retained in the several sensory registers for analysis by working memory
Retrograde Amnesia
The inability to recall events that occurred prior to a traumatic event
Semantic Memory
The memory of knowledge concerning the use of language and the rules for the solution of problems or acquisition of concepts
Sensory Register
The initial storage of
memory for a very brief time as an exact
duplicate of the event.
Serial Position Effect
The faster learning and greater recall of items at the beginning and end of a list rather than at the middle of the list
Short-Term Store
A temporary storage facility where information is modified to create a more meaningful experience
Spreading Activation Theory
The view that semantic memory is organized in terms of associations between concepts and properties of concepts
Visual Code
The transformation of a word into an image
Visuospatial Sketchpad
A rehearsal system that holds and analyzes visual and spatial information
Whole Report Technique
Sperling’s procedure requiring subjects to report all three lines of visual array shortly after the visual array ended
Working Memory
Information being actively processed by rehearsal systems
