Chapter 7 Key Terms Flashcards
Anticipatory Pain Response
Stimuli associated with painful events produce a fear response, which motivates escape from the painful behavior
Anticipatory Relief Response
Stimuli associated with termination of an aversive event produces relief, which motivates approach behavior
Behavioral Allocation View
The idea that an animal emits the minimum number of contingent responses in order to obtain the maximum number of reinforcing activities
Blisspoint
The free operant level of two responses
Delay-Reduction Theory
Behavior economic theory that states that overall behavior in a choice task is based on the matching law, while individual choices are determined by which choice produces the shortest delay in the next reinforcement
Matching Law
When an animal has free access to two different schedules of reinforcement; its response is proportional to the level of reinforcement available on each schedule
Maximizing Law
The goal of behavior in a choice task, which is to obtain as many reinforcements as possible
Momentary Maximization Theory
The view that the behavior in a choice task is determined by which alternative is perceived as best at the moment in time
Nucleus Accumbens
A brain structure in the limbic system that plays a significance role in the influence of reinforcement on behavior; the neurotransmitter dopamine is central to the reinforcing quality of events
Parietal Cortex
Different neurons in this brain structure respond based on the desirability of the different choices as predicted by the matching law
Probability-Differential Theory
The idea that an activity will have reinforcing properties when its probability of occurrence is greater than that of the reinforced activity
Response Deprivation Theory
The idea that when a contingency restricts access to an activity, it causes that activity to become reinforcement
Two-Factor Theory of Avoidance Learning
Mowrer’s view that in the 1st stage, fear is conditioned through the Pavlovian conditioning process, and in the 2nd stage, an instrumental or operant response is acquired that terminates the feared stimulus
Two-Factor Theory of Punishment
Mowrer’s view that fear is conditioned to the environmental events present during punishment in the 1st stage; any behavior that terminates the feared stimulus will be acquired through instrumental conditioning in the 2nd stage; the reinforcement of the escape response causes an animal or person to exhibit the escape response rather than the punished response in the punishment situation
