Chapter 7 Review from Textbook Flashcards
Premack’s probability-differential theory indicates that activities can serve as reinforcement.
With higher-probability activities reinforcing lower-probability activities.
Timberlake and Allison’s response deprivation hypothesis states that an activity will become a reinforcement if access to the activity is restricted.
With a subsequent increase in the operant response that restores access to the restricted activity.
The behavioral allocation view suggests that an animal emits the number of contingent responses needed to come as close as possible to blisspoint
Or the free operant level of two responses
The matching law states that the rate of responding of two operant responses
Is the direct proportion to the level of reinforcement available through each operant response.
The maximizing law states that
An individual responding in choice situations attempts to obtain as much reinforcement as possible
Momentary maximization theory argues that while overall choices are based on the matching law
Individual choices are determined by the perception of which alternative is best at the moment in time.
Delay-reduction theory proposes that while overall choices are based on the matching
Individual choices are determined by which choice produces the shortest delay in gaining the next reinforcement.
Different neurons in the prefrontal cortex respond to different probabilities of success
And the reinforcement value of each choice as predicted by the matching law.
Mowrer suggested that fear is
Conditioned during the 1st phase of avoidance learning
Mower proposed that in the 2nd stage of avoidance learning
Fear motivates any behavior that successfully terminates the fear
In Mower’s view the behavior that terminates the feared stimulus will be
Rewarded by fear reduction and elicited upon future exposure to the feared stimulus.
According to Mowrer, the aversive event will be
Avoided only if the avoidance response also results in the escape responses to the feared stimulus
D’Amato suggested that the Pavlovian conditioning of the anticipatory pain response to the environmental cues associated with an aversive event motivates
Escape from these cues.
In D’Amato’s view, the termination of pain produces an unconditioned relief response and the establishment of the anticipatory relief response provides
Motivation to approach the cues associated with relief.
Thorndike suggested that punishment acts to
Weaken an S-R association.
