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HOSA MedTerm > Chapter 9- Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 9- Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Sputum

A

Expectorated matter, especially mucus or mucopurulent matter expectorated in disease of the air passages

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2
Q

Ventilation

A

Distribution of gas into and out of the lungs

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3
Q

Alveolar

A

Pertaining to the alveoli

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4
Q

Anoxic

A

Pertaining to the absence of oxygen

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5
Q

Apneic

A

Pertaining to or suffering from apnea

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6
Q

Bronchial

A

Pertaining to the bronchus

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7
Q

Diaphragmatic

A

Pertaining to the diaphragm

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8
Q

Endotracheal

A

Pertaining to within the trachea

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9
Q

Hypoxic

A

Pertaining to a low level of oxygen

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10
Q

Intercostal

A

Pertaining to the area between the ribs

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11
Q

Laryngeal

A

Pertaining to the larynx

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12
Q

Lobar

A

Pertaining to any lobe of the lungs

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13
Q

Mediastinal

A

Pertaining to the mediastinum

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14
Q

Mucous

A

Pertaining to the mucous membrane

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15
Q

Nasal

A

Pertaining to the nose

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16
Q

Pectoral

A

Pertaining to the chest

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17
Q

Pharyngeal

A

Pertaining to the pharynx

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18
Q

Phrenic

A

Pertaining to the diaphragm

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19
Q

Pleural

A

Pertaining to the pleura

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20
Q

Pleuritic

A

Pertaining to the pleurisy

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21
Q

Pulmonary

A

Pertaining to the lungs

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22
Q

Respiratory

A

Pertaining to respiration

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23
Q

Thoracic

A

Pertaining to the thorax (chest)

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24
Q

Tonsillar

A

Pertaining to the tonsil

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25
Q

Tracheal

A

Pertaining to the trachea

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26
Q

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

Respiratory failure that can occur with underlying illnesses or injury

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27
Q

Aphonia

A

Loss of voice as a result of disease or injury

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28
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of breathing

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29
Q

Asthma

A

Chronic severe breathing disorder characterized by attacks of wheezing due to inflammation and narrowing of the airways

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30
Q

Atelectasis

A

Decrease or loss of air in the lung, causing loss of lung volume and possible lung collapse

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31
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Space between layers of the pleura

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32
Q

Visceral layer

A

Inner layer of the pleura that attaches to the lungs

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33
Q

Thorax, syn. chest

A

Anatomic region formed by the sternum, thoracic vertebrae, + the ribs, extending from the neck to the diaphragm

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34
Q

Diaphragm

A

Muscular partition between the abdominal and thoracic cavities; the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm causes inspiration and expiration

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35
Q

Mediastinum

A

Area of the thoracic cavity between the lungs that contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea, + thymus

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36
Q

Apnea

A

Normal breathing

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37
Q

Expiration, syn. exhalation

A

Process of breathing out

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38
Q

External respiration, syn. breathing

A

Process of inspiration and expiration

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39
Q

Inspiration, syn. inhalation

A

Process of breathing in

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40
Q

Internal respiration

A

Exchange of gases between the blood in the capillaries and the cells of the body

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41
Q

Patent

A

Open or exposed (as in the airway)

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42
Q

Respiration

A

Process involving exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the environment and body cells

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43
Q

Airway

A

Any part of the respiratory tract through which air passes during breathing

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44
Q

Radiography

A

Examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes by means of x-rays with the record of the findings exposed on photographic film

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45
Q

Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan

A

Test used to assess distribution of blood flow and ventilation through both lungs

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46
Q

Auscultation

A

Physical examination method of listening to body sounds w/ stethoscope

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47
Q

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)

A

Procedure performed during bronchoscopy to collect cells of the alveoli; saline solution is instilled into distal bronchi and then that solution is withdrawn along with alveolar cells

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48
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

Endoscopic examination of the larynx and airways

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49
Q

Laryngoscopy

A

Endoscopic examination of the larynx

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50
Q

Pneumonectomy

A

Excision of the lung

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51
Q

Rhinoplasty

A

Surgical repair of nose

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52
Q

Septoplasty

A

Surgical repair of (nasal) septum

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53
Q

Sinusotomy

A

Incision of the sinus

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54
Q

Thoracentesis

A

Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity

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55
Q

Thoractomy

A

Incision of the chest cavity

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56
Q

Tonsillectomy

A

Surgical removal of one or both tonsils

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57
Q

Tracheoplasty

A

Surgical repair of trachea

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58
Q

Tracheostomy

A

Creation of an artificial opening into the trachea

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59
Q

Tracheotomy

A

Incision of the trachea

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60
Q

ABG

A

Arterial blood gas

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61
Q

AFB

A

Act-fast bacilli

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62
Q

ARDS

A

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

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63
Q

BAL

A

Bronchoalveolar lavage

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64
Q

BOOP

A

Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia

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65
Q

COPD

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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66
Q

CPAP

A

Continuous positive airway pressure

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67
Q

CPR

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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68
Q

CT

A

Computed tomography (scan)

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69
Q

CXR

A

Chest x-ray

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70
Q

ILD

A

Interstitial lung disease

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71
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

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72
Q

PFTs

A

Pulmonary function tests

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73
Q

PPD

A

Purified protein derivative

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74
Q

RAD

A

Reactive airway disease

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75
Q

RF

A

Respiratory failure

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76
Q

TB

A

Tuberculosis

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77
Q

URI

A

Upper respiratory infection

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78
Q

V/Q

A

Ventilation-perfusion (scan)

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79
Q

VATS

A

Video-assisted thorascopic surgery

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80
Q

Incentive spirometry

A

Medical procedure to encourage patients to breathe deeply by using a portable plastic device called a spirometer that gives visual feedback as the patient inhales forcefully

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81
Q

Laryngectomy

A

Excision of the larynx

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82
Q

Laryngotracheotomy

A

Incision of the larynx and trachea

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83
Q

Lobectomy

A

Excision of a lobe (of the lung)

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84
Q

Mechanical ventilation

A

Use of an automatic mechanical device to perform all or part of the work of breathing

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85
Q

Pneumococcal pneumonia

A

Form of pneumonia caused by the bacterial species

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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86
Q

Pneumonitis

A

Inflammation of the lungs

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87
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Presence of air or gas in pleural cavity

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88
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Buildup of fluid in the lungs

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89
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Obstruction of the pulmonary circulation by a blood clot

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90
Q

Rales, syn. crackles

A

Crackling or bubbling lung noises heard on inspiration that indicate fluid in the alveoli or fibrosis

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91
Q

Reactive airway disease (RAD)

A

Respiratory condition characterized by wheezing, shortness of breath, + coughing after exposure to an irritant

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92
Q

Lobar pneumonia

A

Infection of the alveoli caused by fluid and pus filling an entire lobe of the lung

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93
Q

Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear

A

Clinical test performed on sputum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli (the bacteria that cause tuberculosis)

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94
Q

Arterial blood gases (ABGs)

A

Test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, + other gases present

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95
Q

Purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test

A

Skin test used to determine whether the patient has developed an immune response to the bacteria that cause tuberculosis

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96
Q

Chest radiograph (CXR)

A

Radiographic image of chest used to evaluate the lungs and the heart

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97
Q

Computed tomography (CT) scan

A

X-ray technique producing computer-generated cross-sectional images

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98
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

Imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency waves to visualize anatomic structures; often used to diagnose lung disorders

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99
Q

Adenoidectomy

A

Excision of the adenoids

100
Q

Aspiration

A

Removal of accumulated fluid by suction

101
Q

Bronchoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the bronchus

102
Q

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

Medical procedure to ventilate the lungs and artificially circulate the blood if a patient has stopped breathing and the heart has stopped

103
Q

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy

A

Breathing apparatus that pumps constant pressurized air through the nasal passages via a mask to keep the airway open

104
Q

Endotracheal intubation

A

Medical procedure in which a tube is inserted between the vocal cords in the larynx and into the trachea to establish an airway for breathing purposes, either manually or mechanically

105
Q

Hyperbaric medicine

A

Medical use of high barometric pressure, usually in specially constructed chambers, to increase oxygen content of blood and tissues

106
Q

Otorhinolaryngology

A

Medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ear, nose, + throat

107
Q

Otorhinolaryngologist

A

Physician who specializes in otorhinolaryngology

108
Q

Pulmonology

A

Medical specialty concerned with diseases of the lungs and respiratory tract

109
Q

Pulmonologist

A

Physician who specializes in pulmonology

110
Q

Nose

A

Anatomic structure positioned above the hard palette that provides an air passageway, which acts as a filter to moisten and warm inhaled air

111
Q

Cilia

A

Fine, hairlike projections on the mucous membranes inside the nose

112
Q

Nasal septum

A

Dividing wall between right and left nasal cavities

113
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

Paired, air-filled cavities in the bones of the face that are connected to the nasal cavity

114
Q

Pharynx, syn. throat

A

Space behind mouth that serves as a passage for food from the mouth to the esophagus and for air from the nose and mouth to the larynx

115
Q

Adenoids

A

2 lymphatic structures located on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx that enlarge during childhood and shrink during puberty

116
Q

Tonsils, syn. palatine tonsils

A

Two structures of lymphoid tissue located on either side of the throat

117
Q

Larynx

A

Air passageway located between the pharynx and the trachea that holds the vocal cords

118
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap of cartilage that covers the upper region of the larynx during swallowing to prevent food or other matter from entering the lungs

119
Q

Glottis, syn. vocal chords

A

Vocal structure of the larynx

120
Q

Adenoid/o

A

Adenoids

121
Q

Alveol/o

A

Alveolus

122
Q

Aspir/o

A

To breath in or suck in

123
Q

Atel/o

A

Incomplete

124
Q

Ausculat/o

A

Listening

125
Q

Bronchi/o, bronch/o

A

Bronchus

126
Q

Capn/o, capn/i

A

Carbon dioxide

127
Q

Cost/o

A

Rib

128
Q

Diaphragmat/o, phren/o

A

Diaphragm

129
Q

Epiglott/o

A

Epiglottis

130
Q

Laryng/o

A

Larynx

131
Q

Lob/o

A

Lobe

132
Q

Mediastin/o

A

Mediastinum

133
Q

Muc/o

A

Mucus

134
Q

Nas/o, rhin/o

A

Nose

135
Q

Ox/o, ox/a

A

Oxygen

136
Q

Pector/o

A

Chest

137
Q

Pharyng/o

A

Pharynx

138
Q

Phon/o

A

Sound, voice

139
Q

Pleur/o

A

Pleura

140
Q

Pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o

A

Lung, air

141
Q

Pulmon/o

A

Lung

142
Q

Sept/o

A

Septum

143
Q

Sinus/o

A

Sinus

144
Q

Spir/o

A

Breath

145
Q

Thorac/o

A

Thorax, chest

146
Q

Tonsill/o

A

Tonsil

147
Q

Trache/o

A

Trachea

148
Q

A-, an-

A

Without, not

149
Q

Dys-

A

Painful, difficult, abnormal

150
Q

Em-

A

In

151
Q

Eu-

A

Good, normal

152
Q

Hypo-

A

Below, deficient

153
Q

In-

A

Not

154
Q

Pan-

A

All, entire

155
Q

Per-

A

Through

156
Q

Tachy-

A

Rapid, fast

157
Q

-Algia

A

Pain

158
Q

-Al, -ar, -ary, -ic

A

Pertaining to

159
Q

-Cele

A

Herniation, protrusion

160
Q

-Centesis

A

Puncture to aspirate

161
Q

-Ectasis

A

Dilation, stretching

162
Q

-Ectomy

A

Excision, surgical removal

163
Q

-Emia

A

Blood (condition of)

164
Q

-Graphy

A

Process of recording

165
Q

-Itis

A

Inflammation

166
Q

-Metry

A

Measurement of

167
Q

-Phonia

A

Condition of the voice

168
Q

-Plasty

A

Surgical repair, reconstruction

169
Q

-Plegia

A

Paralysis

170
Q

-Pnea

A

Breathing

171
Q

-Rrhagia

A

Flowing forth

172
Q

-Rrhea

A

Flow, discharge

173
Q

-Scopy

A

Process of examining, examination

174
Q

-Spasm

A

Involuntary movement

175
Q

-Stomy

A

Surgical opening

176
Q

-Tomy

A

Incision

177
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

An irreversible widening of portions of the bronchi resulting from damage to the airway wall

178
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of the bronchi

179
Q

Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP)

A

Obstructive lung condition characterized by granulation tissue plugs in the bronchioles that extend into the alveoli

180
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

General term used for those disorders w/ permanent or temporary narrowing of small bronchi, in which formed expiratory flow is slowed

181
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

A

Respiratory pattern involving alternating periods of apnea and rapid, deep breathing

182
Q

Croup

A

Acute obstruction of upper airway in infants and children characterized by a barking cough with difficult and noisy respiration

183
Q

Diaphragmatocele

A

Hernia of the diaphragm

184
Q

Dysphonia

A

Vocal difficulty

185
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing

186
Q

Emphysema

A

Lung condition involving permanent destruction of very fine airways and alveoli, thus decreasing respiratory function

187
Q

Empyema

A

Localized collection of pus in the thoracic cavity resulting from an infection in the lungs

188
Q

Trachea, syn. windpipe

A

Air passage extending from the larynx into the thorax

189
Q

Bronchi

A

2 subdivisions of the trachea serving to convey air to and from the lungs

190
Q

Carina, syn. tracheal bifurcation

A

Cartilaginous ridge that divides into, and is continuous with, the two main or principal bronchi

191
Q

Alveoli

A

Saclike cavities located off the bronchioles where gas is exchanged between the lungs and blood

192
Q

Bronchioles

A

Finer subdivisions of the bronchi located in the lungs

193
Q

Lungs

A

Pair of spongy organs of respiration in which blood is aerated

194
Q

Lobes

A

Subdivisions of the lungs:3 on the right (upper, middle, + lower) and 2 on the left (upper and lower)

195
Q

Pleura

A

Membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the walls of the pleural cavities

196
Q

Parietal layer

A

Outer layer of the pleura that attaches to the chest wall

197
Q

Epistaxis

A

Bleeding from the nose

198
Q

Hemothorax

A

Blood located in the pleural cavity

199
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Decreased level of oxygen in blood

200
Q

Hypoxia

A

Decreased levels of oxygen in tissues

201
Q

Influenza, syn. flu

A

Acute contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses

202
Q

Interstitial lung disease (ILD), syn. pulmonary fibrosis

A

Group of chronic lung disorders affecting the tissue between the air sacs of the lungs causing irreversible inflammation and fibrosis, or scarring

203
Q

Laryngitis

A

Inflammation of the larynx

204
Q

Laryngospasm

A

Involuntary movement of the larynx

205
Q

Nasopharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the nasal cavity and pharynx

206
Q

Orthopnea

A

Discomfort in breathing that is brought on or aggravated by lying flat

207
Q

Pansinusitis

A

Inflammation of all sinuses

208
Q

Pertussis, syn. whooping cough

A

Acute infectious inflammation of the larynx, trachea, + bronchi caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis

209
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the pharynx

210
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Collectition of fluid or blood in the pleural space around the lung

211
Q

Pleuritis

A

Inflammation of the pleura

212
Q

Pneumonia

A

Bacterial infection and inflammation within the lobes of the lungs

213
Q

Bacterial pneumonia

A

Pneumonia caused by a bacterial infection

214
Q

Bronchopneumonia

A

Infection of the smaller bronchial tubes of the lungs

215
Q

Respiratory failure (RF)

A

Condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low and/or the level of carbon dioxide becomes dangerously high

216
Q

Rhinitis

A

Inflammation of the mucous membranes within the nasal cavity

217
Q

Rhonchi

A

Abnormal whistling, humming, or snoring sounds heard during inspiration or expiration

218
Q

Rubs

A

Friction sounds in the lungs caused by inflammation of the pleura

219
Q

Sinusitis

A

Inflammation of the sinus

220
Q

Stridor

A

Whistling sound heard on inspiration that indicates partial obstruction of the trachea or larynx

221
Q

Tachypnea

A

Abnormally fast rate of respiration

222
Q

Tonsillitis

A

Inflammation of 1 or both tonsils

223
Q

Tracheitis

A

Inflammation of the trachea

224
Q

Tracheorrhagia

A

Bleeding from the lining of the trachea

225
Q

Tuberculosis (TB)

A

Infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a bacterium that attacks the lungs and is spread through the air from one person to another

226
Q

Upper respiratory infection (URI)

A

Acute infection involving the nose, sinus, larynx, or pharynx; commonly called a cold

227
Q

Wheeze

A

An airy, whistling type of sound made on inspiration and expiration

228
Q

Nasopharyngoscopy

A

Endoscopic examination of the nasal passages and the pharynx

229
Q

Peak flow monitoring

A

Test measuring the rate of air flow, or how fast air is able to pass through the airways

230
Q

Percussion

A

Physical examination method of tapping over the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size, border, or fluid content of a cavity (such as the chest)

231
Q

Pharyngoscopy

A

Endoscopic examination of the pharynx

232
Q

Polysomnography

A

Monitoring and recording normal and abnormal activity during sleep, inc. neural and respiratory functions

233
Q

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

A

Group of tests performed to measure breathing; used to determine respiratory function or abnormalities; useful in distinguishing chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases from asthma

234
Q

Pulse oximetry

A

Measurement of oxygen saturation in the blood

235
Q

Rhinoscopy

A

Endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity

236
Q

Spirometry

A

Procedure for measuring air flow and volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs using a device called spirometer

237
Q

Thorascopy

A

Endoscopic examination of the thorax done through a small opening in the chest wall

238
Q

Video-assisted thorascopic surgery (VATS)

A

Thoracic surgery performed using endoscopic cameras, optical systems, + display screens, as well as specially designed surgical instruments, which enables surgeons to view the inside of the chest cavity and remove tissue to test for disease

239
Q

Antibiotic

A

Drug that acts against susceptible microorganisms

240
Q

Antihistamine

A

Drug used to stop the effects of histamine in the respiratory tract

241
Q

Antitubercular

A

Drug contained in a vaccine used to lower the risk of getting tuberculosis in people who may be exposed to the disease

242
Q

Antitussive

A

Drug that suppresses the cough center in the brain to stop repeated or productive coughing

243
Q

Bronchodilator

A

Drug that dilates the bronchial wall, allowing air to pass through and relieving breathing difficulties

244
Q

Decongestant

A

Drug that relieves congestion by shrinking swollen nasal tissues and blood vessels

245
Q

Expectorant

A

Drug that helps bring up mucus and other material from the lungs, bronchi, + trachea and helps to lubricate the irritated respiratory tract

246
Q

Nebulizer, syn. atomizer

A

Device for administering drug by spraying a fine mist into the nose

HOSA MedTerm (17 decks)

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