Chapter 16- Oncology and Cancer Terms Flashcards
Ablat/o
To take away
Bi/o
Life
Cancer/o, carcin/o
Cancer
Chem/o
Chemical, drug
Cry/o
Cold
Cyt/o
Cell
Kary/o
Nucleus
Lapar/o
Abdomen
Lei/o
Smooth
Leuk/o
White
Melan/o
Black, dark
Onc/o
Tumor
Path/o
Disease
Plas/o
Growth, formation
Radi/o
X-rays, radiation
Rhabd/o
Striated muscle
Sarc/o
Connective tissue, flesh
Squam/o
Scalelike structure
Dys-
Painful, difficult, abnormal
Intra-
Within
Mal-
Bad, poor
Meta-
Change, beyond
Neo-
New
Para-
Beside
Trans-
Across, through
-Gen
Origin, production
-Genic
Originating, producing
-Oma
Tumor
-Opsy
Process of viewing
-Scopy
Process of examining, examination
Benign
Nonmalignant form of a neoplasm
Cancer (CA)
General term for a group of diseases characterized by an abnormal, uncontrolled growth of cells
Cancerous
Pertaining to cancer
Carcinogen
Any cancer-causing substance or organism
Differentiation
Determination of how developed, or mature, the cancer cells are in a tumor
Dysplasia
Abnormal growth of tissue
In situ
In the original place or site without any expansion or spread
Invasion
Direct migration and penetration by cancerous cells into neighboring tissues
Lesion
A pathologic change in tissue resulting from a disease or injury
Malignant
Having the properties of locally invasive + destructive growth + metastasis
Metastasis
Spread of a disease process from one part of the body to another
Oncogenes
Mutated forms of genes that cause normal cells to grow out of control and become cancer cells
Oncogenic
Causing or being suitable for the development of a tumor
Recurrence
Return of cancer after all visible signs of it had been eradicated previously
Remission
Lessening in severity of disease symptoms; period of time when a cancer is responding to treatment or is under control
Adenocarcinoma
Malignant neoplasm composed of glandular tissue
Adenoma
Benign neoplasm composed of glandular tissue
Carcinoma
Malignant neoplasm of any epithelial tissue
Fibroma
Benign neoplasm of fibrous connective tissue
Fibrosarcoma
Malignant neoplasm of deep fibrous tissue
Lipoma
Benign neoplasm of adipose (fat) tissue
Liposarcoma
Malignant neoplasm of adipose (fat) tissue
Malignant neoplasm
Tumor that invades surrounding tissue and is usually capable of metastasizing; can be located in any organ or tissue of the body
Melanoma
Tumor characterized by a dark appearance; most commonly occurs in the skin or in the eye
Neoplasm, syn. tumor
Abnormal growth of a new tissue into a mass; can be benign or malignant
Neuroma
Tumor derived from nervous tissue
Myeloma
Tumor composed of cells derived from bone marrow
Sarcoma
Malignant neoplasm of connective tissue
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
Cancer that begins in the lowest layer of the epidermis of the skin
Kaposi sarcoma
Type of cancer found in the tissues under the skin or mucous membranes that line the mouth, nose, + anus; most commonly seen in patients w/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Melanoma of the skin
Malignant skin cancer that arises from the melanocytes in the epidermis, usually caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
Cancer that begins in the squamous cells located in the upper levels of the epidermis of the skin
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
Very rare cancer affecting the digestive tract or nearby structures within the abdomen
Malignant neoplasm of the bladder
Cancerous tumor of the bladder
Nephroma
Tumor of the kidney
Urothelial carcinoma, syn. transitional cell carcinoma
Cancer arising in the urothelium lining the urinary tract
Wilms tumor
Rare type of kidney cancer affecting children
Hodgkin disease
Abnormal malignant enlargement of lymph nodes, spleen, + liver; indicated by the presence of Reed-Sterberg cells
Leukemia
Cancer in the blood indicated by malignant increase in the number of white blood cells (WBCs)
Lymphangioma
Mass or tumor of lymph vessels
Lymphoma
Tumor of lymphoid tissue, including lymphocytes and plasma cells
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
Lymphoma other than Hodgkin disease
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Carcinoma that arises from the mucous of the large bronchi
Mesothelioma
A carcinoma of the mesothelium lining of the lungs or heart, usually associated with exposure to asbestos dust
Oat cell carcinoma
Highly malignant form of lung or bronchogenic cancer in which cells appear small and rounded under a microscope
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
Breast cancer that is confined to the ducts and has not spread into the tissues of the breast
Germ cell tumor
Cancer that begins in the egg-producing cells of the ovaries
Stromal cell tumor
Cancer that begins in the cells of the ligaments of the ovaries
Astrocytoma
Tumor that arises from small, star-shaped cells in the brain and spinal cord
Glioma
Cancer that arises from the glial cells of the nervous system
Medulloblastoma
Cancer that develops from the primitive nerve cells in the cerebrum
Meningioma
Benign + slow-growing tumor of the meninges
Neuroblastoma
Cancer of the nervous system
Glomus tumor
A benign but locally invasive tumor arising out of glomus tissue found in the middle ear, jugular bulb, + carotid artery