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HOSA MedTerm > Chapter 11- Female Reproductive System, Obstetrics, + Neonatology > Flashcards

Chapter 11- Female Reproductive System, Obstetrics, + Neonatology Flashcards

1
Q

Breasts

A

Female organs of milk secretion

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2
Q

Areola

A

Pigmented area around the breast nipple

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3
Q

Lactiferous ducts

A

Channels that carry breast milk to the nipple

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4
Q

Lactiferous lobules

A

Glands in the breast making breast milk

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5
Q

Mammary glands

A

Modified sweat glands located in the breasts that prepare for milk production in anticipation of the birth of a fetus

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6
Q

Mammary Papilla

A

Breast nipple

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7
Q

Genitalia

A

Internal and external organs of reproduction

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8
Q

Mons pubis

A

Rounded mound of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone

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9
Q

Ovaries

A

Pair of oval reproductive glands attached to the uterus, which produce hormones and release ova

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10
Q

Corpus luteum

A

Temporary endocrine gland formed in the ovary that secretes progesterone during the second half of the menstrual cycle

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11
Q

Vesicular ovarian follicles, syn. graafian follicles

A

Fluid-filled sacs in the ovaries, each containing an immature ovum

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12
Q

Oocyte

A

Immature ovum contained in a follicle

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13
Q

Ovum, pl. ova

A

Egg cell

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14
Q

Perineum

A

Surface area between the thighs extending from the coccyx to the pubis that includes the anus posteriorly and the external genitalia anteriorly

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15
Q

Salpinges, syn. fallopian tubes

A

Tubular structures that carry the ovum from the ovary to the uterus

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16
Q

Fimbriae

A

Finger-like extensions of the salpinx that drape over the ovary

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17
Q

Uterus, syn. womb

A

Pear-shaped organ located in the middle of the pelvis that supports a growing fetus and is the site of menses

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18
Q

Adnexa

A

Appendages or adjunct parts; the adnexa of the uterus consist of the salpinges, ovaries, + ligaments that hold them together

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19
Q

Endometrium

A

Inner lining of the uterus

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20
Q

Myometrium

A

Thick, muscular middle layer of the uterus

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21
Q

Perimetrium

A

Outer layer of the uterus that covers the body of the uterus and part of the cervix

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22
Q

Cervix

A

Tubular, lower portion of the uterus that opens into the vagina

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23
Q

Cervical os

A

Opening of the cervical canal

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24
Q

Fundus

A

Dome-shaped top portion of the uterus that lies above the entrances of the salpinges

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25
Q

Vagina, syn. birth canal

A

Muscular tube projecting inside a female that connects the uterus to the outside of the body

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26
Q

Greater vestibular glands, syn. Bartholin glands

A

Glands that keep the vaginal mucosa moist and provide a lubricant for the vagina during sexual intercourse

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27
Q

Introitus

A

Opening of the vagina

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28
Q

Vulva

A

Female external genital organs

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29
Q

Clitoris

A

Small (less than 2 cm) mass of erectile tissue in females that responds to sexual stimulation

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30
Q

Labia

A

Two sets of skin folds that serve to cover the female external genital organs and tissues

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31
Q

Labia majora

A

Part of the labia that covers and protects the female external genital organs

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32
Q

Labia minora

A

Inner folds of the labia that surround the openings to the vagina and urethra

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33
Q

Amnion

A

Inner layer of membrane surrounding the fetus and containing the amniotic fluid

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34
Q

Amniotic fluid

A

Fluid that encases the fetus and provides a cushion for the fetus as the mother moves

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35
Q

Chorion

A

Outermost membrane surrounding the fetus

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36
Q

Conception, syn. fertilization

A

Instant at which the spermatozoa and egg unite

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37
Q

Effacement

A

Thinning of the cervix in preparation for delivery

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38
Q

Embryo

A

Fertilized ovum from the time of implantation in the uterus until about the eighth week of gestation

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39
Q

Fetus

A

Developing embryo from the eighth week of gestation until delivery

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40
Q

Gamete

A

An organism’s reproductive cell, such as sperm or egg cells

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41
Q

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

A

Hormone secreted by fertilized ovum soon after conception

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42
Q

Lactation

A

Production of breast milk by the mammary glands after childbirth

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43
Q

Lochia

A

Discharges from the vagina of mucus, blood, + tissue debris following childbirth

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44
Q

Ovulation

A

Process of discharging one ovum from an ovary

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45
Q

Placenta

A

Temporary organ implanted in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen from the mother’s blood and passes waste

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46
Q

Pregnancy, syn. gestation

A

State of a female after conception until delivery

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47
Q

Prolactin

A

Lactation-stimulating hormone

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48
Q

Umbilical cord

A

Cord composed of blood vessels and connective tissue that is connected to the fetus from the placenta

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49
Q

Zygote

A

Cell resulting from the union of sperm and oocyte

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50
Q

Cervic/o

A

Neck, cervix (neck of uterus)

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51
Q

Gyn/o, gynec/o

A

Woman

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52
Q

Hyster/o, metr/o, metri/o, uter/o

A

Uterus

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53
Q

Men/o, menstru/o

A

Menstruation

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54
Q

My/o

A

Muscle (uterus)

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55
Q

Ovari/o, oophor/o

A

Ovary

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56
Q

Pelv/i

A

Pelvis, pelvic cavity

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57
Q

Perine/o

A

Perineum

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58
Q

Saping/o

A

Salpinx, fallopian tube

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59
Q

Vagin/o, col/o

A

Vagina

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60
Q

Vulv/o, episi/o

A

Vulva

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61
Q

Amni/o, amnion/o

A

Amnion

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62
Q

Caphal/o

A

Head

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63
Q

Chori/o

A

Chorion

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64
Q

Embry/o, embryon/o

A

Embryo, immature form

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65
Q

Fet/o

A

Fetus

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66
Q

Fund/o

A

Fundus

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67
Q

Galact/o, lact/o

A

Milk

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68
Q

Gestat/o

A

From conception to birth

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69
Q

Gravid/o

A

Pregnancy

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70
Q

Hydr/o

A

Water, fluid

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71
Q

Mamm/o, mast/o

A

Breast, mammary gland

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72
Q

Nat/o

A

Birth

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73
Q

Olig/o

A

Scanty, few

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74
Q

Omphal/o

A

Umbilicus, navel

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75
Q

Pub/o

A

Pubis

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76
Q

Toc/o

A

Labor, birth

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77
Q

Ante-, pre-

A

Before

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78
Q

Dys-

A

Painful, difficult, abnormal

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79
Q

Ecto-

A

Outer, outside

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80
Q

Endo-

A

In, within

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81
Q

Micro-

A

Small

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82
Q

Multi-

A

Many

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83
Q

Neo-

A

New

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84
Q

Nulli-

A

None

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85
Q

Poly-

A

Many, much

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86
Q

Post-

A

After, behind

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87
Q

Supra-

A

Above

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88
Q

-Arche

A

Beginning

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89
Q

-Asthenia

A

Weakness

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90
Q

-Cele

A

Herniation, protrusion

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91
Q

-Centesis

A

Puncture to aspirate

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92
Q

-Ia, -ism

A

Condition of

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93
Q

-Metry

A

Measurement of

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94
Q

-Partum

A

Childbirth, labor

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95
Q

-Pexy

A

Surgical fixation

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96
Q

-Plasia

A

Formation, growth

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97
Q

-Plasty

A

Surgical repair, reconstruction

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98
Q

-Rrhage, -rrhagia

A

Flowing forth

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99
Q

-Rrhaphy

A

Suture

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100
Q

-Rrhea

A

Flow, discharge

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101
Q

-Scopy

A

Process of examining, examination

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102
Q

-Tomy

A

Incision

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103
Q

Abdominopelvic

A

Pertaining to the abdomen and pelvis

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104
Q

Chorionic

A

Pertaining to the chorion

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105
Q

Congenital

A

Existing at birth

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106
Q

Cystic

A

Pertaining to or containing cysts

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107
Q

Date of birth (DOB)

A

Day of birth of a patient

108
Q

Embryonic

A

Pertaining to an embryo

109
Q

Endometrial

A

Pertaining to or composed of endometrium

110
Q

Estimated date of confinement (EDC), syn. estimated date of delivery (EDD)

A

Date at which an infant is expected to be born, calculated from the date of the mother’s last menstrual period

111
Q

Fetal

A

Pertaining ot a fetus

112
Q

Gestational

A

Pertaining to pregnancy

113
Q

Gravida

A

Pregnant woman

114
Q

In vitro

A

In an artificial environment

115
Q

Intrauterine

A

Within the uterus

116
Q

Last menstrual period

A

Date indicating the first day of a patient’s last menstrual period

117
Q

Meconium

A

Greenish-black first stool of a newborn

118
Q

Menarche

A

Girl’s first menstrual period

119
Q

Menstruation, syn. menses

A

Cyclic shedding of endometrial lining and discharge of bloody fluid from the uterus; occurs approximately every 28 days

120
Q

Neonatal

A

Pertaining to the period immediately succeeding birth and continuing through the first 28 days of life

121
Q

Neonate, syn. newborn

A

Newborn infant

122
Q

Nulligravida

A

Woman who has never conceived a child

123
Q

Nullipara

A

Woman who has never given birth to a child

124
Q

Ovarian

A

Pertaining to an ovary

125
Q

Para

A

Woman who has given birth

126
Q

Pelvic

A

Pertaining to the pelvis

127
Q

Perineal

A

Pertaining to the perineum

128
Q

Postpartum

A

Period of time after birth

129
Q

Prenatal

A

Period of time preceding birth

130
Q

Primigravida

A

Woman who has had one pregnancy

131
Q

Suprapubic

A

Above the pubic bone

132
Q

Transabdominal

A

Across of through the abdomen

133
Q

Transvaginal

A

Across or through the vagina

134
Q

Stillbirth

A

Birth of an infant who has died before delivery

135
Q

Uterine

A

Pertaining to the uterus

136
Q

Adenomyosis

A

Presence of endometrial tissue growing through the myometrium

137
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Absence of menstrual bleeding

138
Q

Atrophic vaginitis

A

Inflammation of the vagina due to the thinning and shrinking of the tissues, as well as decreased lubrication

139
Q

Bacterial vaginosis

A

Infection of the vagina caused by disruption of the normal balance of bacteria, in which “good” bacteria is replaced by “harmful” bacteria

140
Q

Cervical dysplasia

A

Development of abnormal cells in the lining of the cervix

141
Q

Cervicitis

A

Inflammation of the cervix

142
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Difficult or painful menstruation

143
Q

Dyspareunia

A

Condition of experiencing pain during sexual intercourse

144
Q

Endometriosis

A

Presence of endometrial tissue somewhere other than the lining of the uterus

145
Q

Endometritis

A

Inflammation of the endometrium

146
Q

Mastitis

A

Inflammation of the breast(s)

147
Q

Mastodynia

A

Pain in the breast(s)

148
Q

Menopause

A

Permanent cessation of menses

149
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Irregular or excessive bleeding during menstruation

150
Q

Metrorrhagia

A

Irregular bleeding from the uterus between menstrual periods

151
Q

Myoma, syn. uterine fibroid, fibromyoma

A

Benign growth that develops from the smooth muscular tissue of the uterus

152
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

Inflammation of the female pelvic organs (ovaries, salpinges, + uterus) caused by infection by any several microorganisms, such as gonococci and chlamydia

153
Q

Polycystic ovary syndrome

A

Hormone secretion disorder in women, characterized by irregular menstrual periods, excess hair growth, obesity, and numerous other symptoms

154
Q

Salpingitis

A

Inflammation of the salpinx

155
Q

Sexually transmitted disease (STD)

A

A communicable disease spread from one person to another primarily through sexual contact

156
Q

Uterine prolapse

A

Protrusion of the uterus into or through the vagina

157
Q

Vulvodynia

A

Chronic vulvar discomfort with complaints of burning and superficial irritation

158
Q

Abortion (AB), syn. spontaneous abortion (SAB)

A

Expulsion of an embryo or fetus from the uterus before viability

159
Q

Incomplete abortion

A

Abortion without expulsion of all products of conception

160
Q

Abruptio placentae

A

Premature detachment of a normally situated placenta

161
Q

Braxton Hicks contractions, syn. false labor

A

Painless uterine contractions that happen through pregnancy

162
Q

Breech pregnancy

A

Pregnancy in which the buttocks of the baby is present at the bottom of the uterus, while the head remains in the upper part of the uterus

163
Q

Dystocia

A

Difficult childbirth

164
Q

Eclampsia

A

Seizures or coma in a patient with pregnancy-induced hypertension

165
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

Pregnancy occurring when the egg implants itself outside of the uterus

166
Q

Gestational diabetes

A

Diabetes that develops or first occurs during pregnancy

167
Q

Infertility

A

Inability of a couple to conceive, regardless of the cause

168
Q

Nuchal cord

A

Loop(s) of umbilical cord around the neck of a fetus, posing risk of intrauterine hypoxia, fetal distress, or death

169
Q

Oligohydramnios

A

Presence of an insufficient amount of amniotic fluid

170
Q

Placenta previa

A

Condition in which the placenta is implanted in the lower segment of the uterus instead of the upper part

171
Q

Postpartum depression

A

Form of clinical depression occurring soon after giving birth

172
Q

Preeclampsia

A

Development of hypertension with proteinuria, edema, or both, due to pregnancy

173
Q

Prolapsed cord

A

Slipping of the umbilical cord into the vagina before delivery

174
Q

Rupture of membranes

A

Spontaneous rupture of the amniotic sac with release of fluid preceding childbirth

175
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Infection caused by protozoan parasites transmitted to humans from the droppings of infected cats; if contracted by a pregnant woman, can affect the fetus in many ways, inc. profound physical abnormalities

176
Q

Atresia

A

Congenital absence of a normal opening, such as the esophagus or anus

177
Q

Atrial septal defect (ASD)

A

Failure of an opening or foramen to close between the atria after birth

178
Q

Cleft lip

A

Congenital facial defect of the lip

179
Q

Cleft palate

A

Congenital fissure in the median line of the palate, often associated with cleft lip

180
Q

Down syndrome

A

Congenital, chromosomal condition characterized by mental retardation, retarded growth, + various other physical abnormalities

181
Q

Gastroschisis

A

Congenital defect in the anterior abdominal wall, usually accompanied by protrusion of intestines

182
Q

Jaundice of newborn

A

Inability of an infant’s liver to metabolize bilirubin; usually disappears within 48-72 hrs after birth

183
Q

Microcephaly

A

Congenital condition characterized by an abnormally small head; usually associated with mental retardation

184
Q

Omphalocele

A

Congenital herniation at the umbilical cord

185
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

Failure of fetal circulatory vessel to close after birth

186
Q

Spina bifida

A

Congenital condition in which the vertebral column does not close properly; usually is accompanied by protrusion of the spinal cord and/or meninges

187
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Set of four congenital heart defects: ventricular septal defect, pulmonic valve stenosis, malposition of the aorta, + right ventricular hypertrophy

188
Q

Turner syndrome

A

Congenital abnormality of the X chromosome that alters the development of females

189
Q

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

A

Failure of an opening or foramen to close between the ventricles after birth

190
Q

Amniocentesis

A

Transabdominal aspiration of fluid from the amniotic sac to test for certain problems in the fetus

191
Q

Apgar score

A

Numeric result of a test conducted on an infant immediately after delivery to evaluate a newborn’s physical condition quickly

192
Q

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

A

Removal of a small piece of placenta tissue from the uterus during early pregnancy to test for fetal abnormalities

193
Q

Group B streptococcus

A

Test for bacterium that, if transmitted from the mother, can cause life-threatening infection for newborns

194
Q

Papanicolaou (Pap) test

A

Microscopic examination of cells collected from the vagina and cervix to detect abnormal changes (ex: cancer)

195
Q

Pregnancy test

A

Blood test to determine the presence of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secreted by the fertilized ovum

196
Q

Quad marker screen

A

Blood test to determine risk of having child with birth defect

197
Q

TORCH panel

A

Group of tests to screen for antibodies to four organisms (toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus infection, + herpes simplex) that can be transmitted from mother to fetus and cause congenital infections

198
Q

Colposcope

A

Thin lighted endoscope inserted into the vagina to allow for direct visualization of the vagina and cervix

199
Q

Colposcopy

A

Visual examination of the cervix and vagina

200
Q

Fetal ultrasound, syn. obstetric ultrasound

A

Ultrasound done during pregnancy that uses reflected sound waves to produce a picture of a fetus, the placenta that nourishes it, + the amniotic fluid that surrounds it

201
Q

Fetoscope

A

Special type of stethoscope used for listening to a fetus in the womb, usually used after about 18 weeks’ gestation

202
Q

Hysterosalpingography

A

X-ray examination of the uterus and salpinges after injection of contrast dye

203
Q

Mammography

A

X-ray examination of the breast; used to detect breast tumors

204
Q

Pelvic ultrasound

A

Ultrasound of the pelvic area

205
Q

Transvaginal ultrasound

A

Ultrasound using a transducer inserted into the vagina to view internal female reproductive organs

206
Q

Colporrhaphy, syn. anterior/posterior repair

A

Surgical procedure that repairs a defect in the wall of the vagina

207
Q

Cryosurgery

A

In gynecology, a procedure that uses liquid nitrogen to freeze a section of the cervix to destroy abnormal or precancerous cervical cells

208
Q

Dilation and curettage (D&C)

A

Surgical procedure in which the cervix is dilated and the endometrial lining of the uterus is scraped with a curette

209
Q

Hysterectomy

A

Surgical excision of the uterus

210
Q

Total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH)

A

Surgical excision of the uterus and cervix (with or without removal of the ovaries or salpinges) through an incision in the abdomen

211
Q

Vaginal hysterectomy

A

Surgical excision of the uterus and cervix through an incision deep inside the vagina

212
Q

Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)

A

Gynecologic procedure that uses a thin, low-voltage electrified wire loop to cut out abnormal tissue in the cervix

213
Q

Mammoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the breast

214
Q

Mastopexy

A

Fixation procedure that raises and firms the breasts by removing excess skin and tightening the surrounding tissue to reshape the breast

215
Q

Myomectomy

A

Surgical removal of myomas

216
Q

Oophorectomy

A

Surgical excision of an ovary

217
Q

Pessary

A

Appliance of varied form, introduced into the vagina to support the uterus or to correct any displacement

218
Q

Salpingectomy

A

Surgical excision of a salpinx

219
Q

Salpingo-oophorectomy

A

Surgical excision of a salpinx and an ovary

220
Q

Uterotomy, syn. hysterotomy

A

Incision of the uterus

221
Q

Vulvectomy

A

Surgical removal of all or part of the vulva

222
Q

Amniotomy, syn. artificial rupture of membranes

A

Artifical tearing of the amniotic sac to induce or expedite labor

223
Q

Cerclage

A

Placement of a nonabsorbable suture around an incompetent cervical opening

224
Q

Episiotomy

A

Surgical incision through the perineum to enlarge the vagina and assist in childbirth

225
Q

Induction of labor

A

Attempt to start the childbirth process artificially by administering a drug to start labor or by puncturing the amniotic sac

226
Q

In vitro fertilization (IVF)

A

Process whereby ova are placed in a medium to which spermatozoa are added for fertilization, which produces a zygote; the zygote is then introduced into the uterus with the objective of full-term development

227
Q

Therapeutic abortion (TAB)

A

Abortion performed for medical reasons (such as when the mother’s life is threatened by the pregnancy)

228
Q

Tubal ligation

A

Sterilization procedure for women in which the salpinges are tied in two places and the tubes between the ligations are removed

229
Q

Contraceptive

A

Agent that prevents conception

230
Q

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

A

Administration of hormones (ex: estrogen, progesterone) to women after menopause or oophorectomy

231
Q

Abortifacient

A

Agen that produces abortion

232
Q

Ovulation induction

A

Use of hormone therapy to stimulate the development of mature eggs

233
Q

Oxytocin

A

Hormone that causes contractions and promotes milk release during lactation; also used to induce or stimulate labor

234
Q

Tocolytic agent

A

Agent used to arrest uterine contractions, often used in an attempt o arrest premature labor contractions

235
Q

Gynecology (GYN)

A

Medical specialty concerned with diseases of the female genital tract, as well as endocrinology and reproductive physiology of the female

236
Q

Gynecologist (GYN)

A

Physician who specializes in gynecology

237
Q

Midwifery

A

Practice of providing holistic health care to the childbearing woman and newborn

238
Q

Midwife

A

Health professional who practices midwifery

239
Q

Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)

A

Hospital department designed for care of critically ill premature and full-term infants

240
Q

Neonatology

A

Medical subspecialty of pediatrics concerned with the medical needs of newborn babies through the 28th day of life

241
Q

Neonatologist

A

Pediatrician specializeng in neonatology

242
Q

Obstetrics (OB)

A

Medical specialty concerned with childbirth and care of the mother

243
Q

Obstetrician (OB)

A

Physician specializing in obstetrics

244
Q

Pediatrics

A

Medical specialty concerned with the study and treatment of children in health and disease during development from birth through adolescence

245
Q

Pediatrician

A

Physician who specializes in pediatrics

246
Q

Reproductive endocrinology

A

Medical subspecialty within gynecology and obstetrics that addresses hormonal functioning as it pertains to reproduction as well as the issue of infertility

247
Q

Reproductive endocrinologist

A

Physician who practices reproductive endocrinology

248
Q

AB

A

Abortion

249
Q

CVS

A

Chorionic villus sampling

250
Q

D&C

A

Dilation and curettage

251
Q

DOB

A

Date of birth

252
Q

EDC

A

Estimated date of confinement

253
Q

EDD

A

Estimated date of delivery

254
Q

GYN

A

Gynecology; gynecologist

255
Q

hCG

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin

256
Q

HRT

A

Hormone replacement therapy

257
Q

HSG

A

Hysterosalpingogram

258
Q

IVF

A

In vitro ferttilization

259
Q

LEEP

A

Loop electrosurgical excision procedure

260
Q

LMP

A

Last menstrual period

261
Q

NICU

A

Neonatal intesnive care unit

262
Q

OB

A

Obstetrics; obstetrician

263
Q

PID

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

264
Q

SAB

A

Spontaneous abortion

265
Q

STD

A

Sexually transmitted disease

266
Q

TAB

A

Therapeutic abortion

267
Q

TAH

A

Total abdominal hysterecomy

HOSA MedTerm (17 decks)

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