Chapter 11- Female Reproductive System, Obstetrics, + Neonatology Flashcards
1
Q
Breasts
A
Female organs of milk secretion
2
Q
Areola
A
Pigmented area around the breast nipple
3
Q
Lactiferous ducts
A
Channels that carry breast milk to the nipple
4
Q
Lactiferous lobules
A
Glands in the breast making breast milk
5
Q
Mammary glands
A
Modified sweat glands located in the breasts that prepare for milk production in anticipation of the birth of a fetus
6
Q
Mammary Papilla
A
Breast nipple
7
Q
Genitalia
A
Internal and external organs of reproduction
8
Q
Mons pubis
A
Rounded mound of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone
9
Q
Ovaries
A
Pair of oval reproductive glands attached to the uterus, which produce hormones and release ova
10
Q
Corpus luteum
A
Temporary endocrine gland formed in the ovary that secretes progesterone during the second half of the menstrual cycle
11
Q
Vesicular ovarian follicles, syn. graafian follicles
A
Fluid-filled sacs in the ovaries, each containing an immature ovum
12
Q
Oocyte
A
Immature ovum contained in a follicle
13
Q
Ovum, pl. ova
A
Egg cell
14
Q
Perineum
A
Surface area between the thighs extending from the coccyx to the pubis that includes the anus posteriorly and the external genitalia anteriorly
15
Q
Salpinges, syn. fallopian tubes
A
Tubular structures that carry the ovum from the ovary to the uterus
16
Q
Fimbriae
A
Finger-like extensions of the salpinx that drape over the ovary
17
Q
Uterus, syn. womb
A
Pear-shaped organ located in the middle of the pelvis that supports a growing fetus and is the site of menses
18
Q
Adnexa
A
Appendages or adjunct parts; the adnexa of the uterus consist of the salpinges, ovaries, + ligaments that hold them together
19
Q
Endometrium
A
Inner lining of the uterus
20
Q
Myometrium
A
Thick, muscular middle layer of the uterus
21
Q
Perimetrium
A
Outer layer of the uterus that covers the body of the uterus and part of the cervix
22
Q
Cervix
A
Tubular, lower portion of the uterus that opens into the vagina
23
Q
Cervical os
A
Opening of the cervical canal
24
Q
Fundus
A
Dome-shaped top portion of the uterus that lies above the entrances of the salpinges
25
Vagina, syn. birth canal
Muscular tube projecting inside a female that connects the uterus to the outside of the body
26
Greater vestibular glands, syn. Bartholin glands
Glands that keep the vaginal mucosa moist and provide a lubricant for the vagina during sexual intercourse
27
Introitus
Opening of the vagina
28
Vulva
Female external genital organs
29
Clitoris
Small (less than 2 cm) mass of erectile tissue in females that responds to sexual stimulation
30
Labia
Two sets of skin folds that serve to cover the female external genital organs and tissues
31
Labia majora
Part of the labia that covers and protects the female external genital organs
32
Labia minora
Inner folds of the labia that surround the openings to the vagina and urethra
33
Amnion
Inner layer of membrane surrounding the fetus and containing the amniotic fluid
34
Amniotic fluid
Fluid that encases the fetus and provides a cushion for the fetus as the mother moves
35
Chorion
Outermost membrane surrounding the fetus
36
Conception, syn. fertilization
Instant at which the spermatozoa and egg unite
37
Effacement
Thinning of the cervix in preparation for delivery
38
Embryo
Fertilized ovum from the time of implantation in the uterus until about the eighth week of gestation
39
Fetus
Developing embryo from the eighth week of gestation until delivery
40
Gamete
An organism's reproductive cell, such as sperm or egg cells
41
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Hormone secreted by fertilized ovum soon after conception
42
Lactation
Production of breast milk by the mammary glands after childbirth
43
Lochia
Discharges from the vagina of mucus, blood, + tissue debris following childbirth
44
Ovulation
Process of discharging one ovum from an ovary
45
Placenta
Temporary organ implanted in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen from the mother's blood and passes waste
46
Pregnancy, syn. gestation
State of a female after conception until delivery
47
Prolactin
Lactation-stimulating hormone
48
Umbilical cord
Cord composed of blood vessels and connective tissue that is connected to the fetus from the placenta
49
Zygote
Cell resulting from the union of sperm and oocyte
50
Cervic/o
Neck, cervix (neck of uterus)
51
Gyn/o, gynec/o
Woman
52
Hyster/o, metr/o, metri/o, uter/o
Uterus
53
Men/o, menstru/o
Menstruation
54
My/o
Muscle (uterus)
55
Ovari/o, oophor/o
Ovary
56
Pelv/i
Pelvis, pelvic cavity
57
Perine/o
Perineum
58
Saping/o
Salpinx, fallopian tube
59
Vagin/o, col/o
Vagina
60
Vulv/o, episi/o
Vulva
61
Amni/o, amnion/o
Amnion
62
Caphal/o
Head
63
Chori/o
Chorion
64
Embry/o, embryon/o
Embryo, immature form
65
Fet/o
Fetus
66
Fund/o
Fundus
67
Galact/o, lact/o
Milk
68
Gestat/o
From conception to birth
69
Gravid/o
Pregnancy
70
Hydr/o
Water, fluid
71
Mamm/o, mast/o
Breast, mammary gland
72
Nat/o
Birth
73
Olig/o
Scanty, few
74
Omphal/o
Umbilicus, navel
75
Pub/o
Pubis
76
Toc/o
Labor, birth
77
Ante-, pre-
Before
78
Dys-
Painful, difficult, abnormal
79
Ecto-
Outer, outside
80
Endo-
In, within
81
Micro-
Small
82
Multi-
Many
83
Neo-
New
84
Nulli-
None
85
Poly-
Many, much
86
Post-
After, behind
87
Supra-
Above
88
-Arche
Beginning
89
-Asthenia
Weakness
90
-Cele
Herniation, protrusion
91
-Centesis
Puncture to aspirate
92
-Ia, -ism
Condition of
93
-Metry
Measurement of
94
-Partum
Childbirth, labor
95
-Pexy
Surgical fixation
96
-Plasia
Formation, growth
97
-Plasty
Surgical repair, reconstruction
98
-Rrhage, -rrhagia
Flowing forth
99
-Rrhaphy
Suture
100
-Rrhea
Flow, discharge
101
-Scopy
Process of examining, examination
102
-Tomy
Incision
103
Abdominopelvic
Pertaining to the abdomen and pelvis
104
Chorionic
Pertaining to the chorion
105
Congenital
Existing at birth
106
Cystic
Pertaining to or containing cysts
107
Date of birth (DOB)
Day of birth of a patient
108
Embryonic
Pertaining to an embryo
109
Endometrial
Pertaining to or composed of endometrium
110
Estimated date of confinement (EDC), syn. estimated date of delivery (EDD)
Date at which an infant is expected to be born, calculated from the date of the mother's last menstrual period
111
Fetal
Pertaining ot a fetus
112
Gestational
Pertaining to pregnancy
113
Gravida
Pregnant woman
114
In vitro
In an artificial environment
115
Intrauterine
Within the uterus
116
Last menstrual period
Date indicating the first day of a patient's last menstrual period
117
Meconium
Greenish-black first stool of a newborn
118
Menarche
Girl's first menstrual period
119
Menstruation, syn. menses
Cyclic shedding of endometrial lining and discharge of bloody fluid from the uterus; occurs approximately every 28 days
120
Neonatal
Pertaining to the period immediately succeeding birth and continuing through the first 28 days of life
121
Neonate, syn. newborn
Newborn infant
122
Nulligravida
Woman who has never conceived a child
123
Nullipara
Woman who has never given birth to a child
124
Ovarian
Pertaining to an ovary
125
Para
Woman who has given birth
126
Pelvic
Pertaining to the pelvis
127
Perineal
Pertaining to the perineum
128
Postpartum
Period of time after birth
129
Prenatal
Period of time preceding birth
130
Primigravida
Woman who has had one pregnancy
131
Suprapubic
Above the pubic bone
132
Transabdominal
Across of through the abdomen
133
Transvaginal
Across or through the vagina
134
Stillbirth
Birth of an infant who has died before delivery
135
Uterine
Pertaining to the uterus
136
Adenomyosis
Presence of endometrial tissue growing through the myometrium
137
Amenorrhea
Absence of menstrual bleeding
138
Atrophic vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina due to the thinning and shrinking of the tissues, as well as decreased lubrication
139
Bacterial vaginosis
Infection of the vagina caused by disruption of the normal balance of bacteria, in which "good" bacteria is replaced by "harmful" bacteria
140
Cervical dysplasia
Development of abnormal cells in the lining of the cervix
141
Cervicitis
Inflammation of the cervix
142
Dysmenorrhea
Difficult or painful menstruation
143
Dyspareunia
Condition of experiencing pain during sexual intercourse
144
Endometriosis
Presence of endometrial tissue somewhere other than the lining of the uterus
145
Endometritis
Inflammation of the endometrium
146
Mastitis
Inflammation of the breast(s)
147
Mastodynia
Pain in the breast(s)
148
Menopause
Permanent cessation of menses
149
Menorrhagia
Irregular or excessive bleeding during menstruation
150
Metrorrhagia
Irregular bleeding from the uterus between menstrual periods
151
Myoma, syn. uterine fibroid, fibromyoma
Benign growth that develops from the smooth muscular tissue of the uterus
152
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Inflammation of the female pelvic organs (ovaries, salpinges, + uterus) caused by infection by any several microorganisms, such as gonococci and chlamydia
153
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Hormone secretion disorder in women, characterized by irregular menstrual periods, excess hair growth, obesity, and numerous other symptoms
154
Salpingitis
Inflammation of the salpinx
155
Sexually transmitted disease (STD)
A communicable disease spread from one person to another primarily through sexual contact
156
Uterine prolapse
Protrusion of the uterus into or through the vagina
157
Vulvodynia
Chronic vulvar discomfort with complaints of burning and superficial irritation
158
Abortion (AB), syn. spontaneous abortion (SAB)
Expulsion of an embryo or fetus from the uterus before viability
159
Incomplete abortion
Abortion without expulsion of all products of conception
160
Abruptio placentae
Premature detachment of a normally situated placenta
161
Braxton Hicks contractions, syn. false labor
Painless uterine contractions that happen through pregnancy
162
Breech pregnancy
Pregnancy in which the buttocks of the baby is present at the bottom of the uterus, while the head remains in the upper part of the uterus
163
Dystocia
Difficult childbirth
164
Eclampsia
Seizures or coma in a patient with pregnancy-induced hypertension
165
Ectopic pregnancy
Pregnancy occurring when the egg implants itself outside of the uterus
166
Gestational diabetes
Diabetes that develops or first occurs during pregnancy
167
Infertility
Inability of a couple to conceive, regardless of the cause
168
Nuchal cord
Loop(s) of umbilical cord around the neck of a fetus, posing risk of intrauterine hypoxia, fetal distress, or death
169
Oligohydramnios
Presence of an insufficient amount of amniotic fluid
170
Placenta previa
Condition in which the placenta is implanted in the lower segment of the uterus instead of the upper part
171
Postpartum depression
Form of clinical depression occurring soon after giving birth
172
Preeclampsia
Development of hypertension with proteinuria, edema, or both, due to pregnancy
173
Prolapsed cord
Slipping of the umbilical cord into the vagina before delivery
174
Rupture of membranes
Spontaneous rupture of the amniotic sac with release of fluid preceding childbirth
175
Toxoplasmosis
Infection caused by protozoan parasites transmitted to humans from the droppings of infected cats; if contracted by a pregnant woman, can affect the fetus in many ways, inc. profound physical abnormalities
176
Atresia
Congenital absence of a normal opening, such as the esophagus or anus
177
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Failure of an opening or foramen to close between the atria after birth
178
Cleft lip
Congenital facial defect of the lip
179
Cleft palate
Congenital fissure in the median line of the palate, often associated with cleft lip
180
Down syndrome
Congenital, chromosomal condition characterized by mental retardation, retarded growth, + various other physical abnormalities
181
Gastroschisis
Congenital defect in the anterior abdominal wall, usually accompanied by protrusion of intestines
182
Jaundice of newborn
Inability of an infant's liver to metabolize bilirubin; usually disappears within 48-72 hrs after birth
183
Microcephaly
Congenital condition characterized by an abnormally small head; usually associated with mental retardation
184
Omphalocele
Congenital herniation at the umbilical cord
185
Patent ductus arteriosus
Failure of fetal circulatory vessel to close after birth
186
Spina bifida
Congenital condition in which the vertebral column does not close properly; usually is accompanied by protrusion of the spinal cord and/or meninges
187
Tetralogy of Fallot
Set of four congenital heart defects: ventricular septal defect, pulmonic valve stenosis, malposition of the aorta, + right ventricular hypertrophy
188
Turner syndrome
Congenital abnormality of the X chromosome that alters the development of females
189
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Failure of an opening or foramen to close between the ventricles after birth
190
Amniocentesis
Transabdominal aspiration of fluid from the amniotic sac to test for certain problems in the fetus
191
Apgar score
Numeric result of a test conducted on an infant immediately after delivery to evaluate a newborn's physical condition quickly
192
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
Removal of a small piece of placenta tissue from the uterus during early pregnancy to test for fetal abnormalities
193
Group B streptococcus
Test for bacterium that, if transmitted from the mother, can cause life-threatening infection for newborns
194
Papanicolaou (Pap) test
Microscopic examination of cells collected from the vagina and cervix to detect abnormal changes (ex: cancer)
195
Pregnancy test
Blood test to determine the presence of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secreted by the fertilized ovum
196
Quad marker screen
Blood test to determine risk of having child with birth defect
197
TORCH panel
Group of tests to screen for antibodies to four organisms (toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus infection, + herpes simplex) that can be transmitted from mother to fetus and cause congenital infections
198
Colposcope
Thin lighted endoscope inserted into the vagina to allow for direct visualization of the vagina and cervix
199
Colposcopy
Visual examination of the cervix and vagina
200
Fetal ultrasound, syn. obstetric ultrasound
Ultrasound done during pregnancy that uses reflected sound waves to produce a picture of a fetus, the placenta that nourishes it, + the amniotic fluid that surrounds it
201
Fetoscope
Special type of stethoscope used for listening to a fetus in the womb, usually used after about 18 weeks' gestation
202
Hysterosalpingography
X-ray examination of the uterus and salpinges after injection of contrast dye
203
Mammography
X-ray examination of the breast; used to detect breast tumors
204
Pelvic ultrasound
Ultrasound of the pelvic area
205
Transvaginal ultrasound
Ultrasound using a transducer inserted into the vagina to view internal female reproductive organs
206
Colporrhaphy, syn. anterior/posterior repair
Surgical procedure that repairs a defect in the wall of the vagina
207
Cryosurgery
In gynecology, a procedure that uses liquid nitrogen to freeze a section of the cervix to destroy abnormal or precancerous cervical cells
208
Dilation and curettage (D&C)
Surgical procedure in which the cervix is dilated and the endometrial lining of the uterus is scraped with a curette
209
Hysterectomy
Surgical excision of the uterus
210
Total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH)
Surgical excision of the uterus and cervix (with or without removal of the ovaries or salpinges) through an incision in the abdomen
211
Vaginal hysterectomy
Surgical excision of the uterus and cervix through an incision deep inside the vagina
212
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)
Gynecologic procedure that uses a thin, low-voltage electrified wire loop to cut out abnormal tissue in the cervix
213
Mammoplasty
Surgical repair of the breast
214
Mastopexy
Fixation procedure that raises and firms the breasts by removing excess skin and tightening the surrounding tissue to reshape the breast
215
Myomectomy
Surgical removal of myomas
216
Oophorectomy
Surgical excision of an ovary
217
Pessary
Appliance of varied form, introduced into the vagina to support the uterus or to correct any displacement
218
Salpingectomy
Surgical excision of a salpinx
219
Salpingo-oophorectomy
Surgical excision of a salpinx and an ovary
220
Uterotomy, syn. hysterotomy
Incision of the uterus
221
Vulvectomy
Surgical removal of all or part of the vulva
222
Amniotomy, syn. artificial rupture of membranes
Artifical tearing of the amniotic sac to induce or expedite labor
223
Cerclage
Placement of a nonabsorbable suture around an incompetent cervical opening
224
Episiotomy
Surgical incision through the perineum to enlarge the vagina and assist in childbirth
225
Induction of labor
Attempt to start the childbirth process artificially by administering a drug to start labor or by puncturing the amniotic sac
226
In vitro fertilization (IVF)
Process whereby ova are placed in a medium to which spermatozoa are added for fertilization, which produces a zygote; the zygote is then introduced into the uterus with the objective of full-term development
227
Therapeutic abortion (TAB)
Abortion performed for medical reasons (such as when the mother's life is threatened by the pregnancy)
228
Tubal ligation
Sterilization procedure for women in which the salpinges are tied in two places and the tubes between the ligations are removed
229
Contraceptive
Agent that prevents conception
230
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Administration of hormones (ex: estrogen, progesterone) to women after menopause or oophorectomy
231
Abortifacient
Agen that produces abortion
232
Ovulation induction
Use of hormone therapy to stimulate the development of mature eggs
233
Oxytocin
Hormone that causes contractions and promotes milk release during lactation; also used to induce or stimulate labor
234
Tocolytic agent
Agent used to arrest uterine contractions, often used in an attempt o arrest premature labor contractions
235
Gynecology (GYN)
Medical specialty concerned with diseases of the female genital tract, as well as endocrinology and reproductive physiology of the female
236
Gynecologist (GYN)
Physician who specializes in gynecology
237
Midwifery
Practice of providing holistic health care to the childbearing woman and newborn
238
Midwife
Health professional who practices midwifery
239
Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)
Hospital department designed for care of critically ill premature and full-term infants
240
Neonatology
Medical subspecialty of pediatrics concerned with the medical needs of newborn babies through the 28th day of life
241
Neonatologist
Pediatrician specializeng in neonatology
242
Obstetrics (OB)
Medical specialty concerned with childbirth and care of the mother
243
Obstetrician (OB)
Physician specializing in obstetrics
244
Pediatrics
Medical specialty concerned with the study and treatment of children in health and disease during development from birth through adolescence
245
Pediatrician
Physician who specializes in pediatrics
246
Reproductive endocrinology
Medical subspecialty within gynecology and obstetrics that addresses hormonal functioning as it pertains to reproduction as well as the issue of infertility
247
Reproductive endocrinologist
Physician who practices reproductive endocrinology
248
AB
Abortion
249
CVS
Chorionic villus sampling
250
D&C
Dilation and curettage
251
DOB
Date of birth
252
EDC
Estimated date of confinement
253
EDD
Estimated date of delivery
254
GYN
Gynecology; gynecologist
255
hCG
Human chorionic gonadotropin
256
HRT
Hormone replacement therapy
257
HSG
Hysterosalpingogram
258
IVF
In vitro ferttilization
259
LEEP
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure
260
LMP
Last menstrual period
261
NICU
Neonatal intesnive care unit
262
OB
Obstetrics; obstetrician
263
PID
Pelvic inflammatory disease
264
SAB
Spontaneous abortion
265
STD
Sexually transmitted disease
266
TAB
Therapeutic abortion
267
TAH
Total abdominal hysterecomy
