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HOSA MedTerm > Chapter 7- Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 7- Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Blood vessels and heart carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and carrying away waste

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2
Q

Heart

A

Muscular organ taking deoxygenated blood from the veins, pumping it to the lungs for oxygen, + returning it to the body through the arteries

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3
Q

Apex

A

Lower pointed end of heart

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4
Q

Septum

A

Wall of heart tissue separating right and left sides of the heart

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5
Q

Atrium

A

Upper receiving chamber of the heart; right and left

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6
Q

Ventricle

A

Lower pumping chamber of the heart; right and left structures

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7
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner lining of the heart

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8
Q

Myocardium

A

Middle muscular layer of heart tissue

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9
Q

Epicardium

A

Outer lining of the heart

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10
Q

Pericardium

A

Sac around the heart that facilitates movement of the heart as it beats

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11
Q

Aortic valve

A

Heart valve between left ventricle and aorta

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12
Q

Mitral valve

A

Heart valve between the left atrium and left ventricle; also called the bicuspid valve

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13
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Heart valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery; also called semilunar valve (half-moon shape of three cups)

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14
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Heart valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

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15
Q

Blood vessels

A

Structures that carry/transport blood

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16
Q

Artery

A

Vessel carrying blood away from the heart

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17
Q

Arteriole

A

Small artery

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18
Q

Capillary

A

Microscopic thin-walled vessel connecting arterioles and venules where gas, nutrient, + waste exchange take place between the blood and cells of the body

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19
Q

Lumen

A

Interior space of a vessel

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20
Q

Venule

A

Small vein

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21
Q

Vein

A

Vessel carrying blood to the heart

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22
Q

Aorta

A

Largest artery that begins as an arch from the left ventricle then branches and descends through the thoracic and abdominal cavities; carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

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23
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Large vein carrying blood to the heart from the lower part of the body

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24
Q

Superior vena cava

A

Large vein carrying blood to the heart from the upper part of the body

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25
Q

Lymph

A

Clear fluid consisting of fluctuating amounts of white blood cells and a few red blood cells that accumulate in tissue and is removed bu the lymphatic capillaries

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26
Q

Lymph nodes, syn. lymph glands

A

Small, bean-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue that filter bacteria and foreign material from the lymph, located on larger lymph vessels in the axillary, cervical, inguinal, + mediastinal areas

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27
Q

Lymph vessels

A

Vessel transporting lymph from body tissues to the venous system

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28
Q

Lymph capillaries

A

Microscopic, thin-walled lymph vessels that pick up lymph proteins and waste from body tissues

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29
Q

Lymph ducts

A

Largest lymph vessels that transport lymph to the venous system

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30
Q

Angi/o. vas/o, vascul/o

A

Vessel, duct

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31
Q

Aort/o

A

Aorta

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32
Q

Arteri/o

A

Artery

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33
Q

Ather/o

A

Fatty paste

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34
Q

Atri/o

A

Atrium

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35
Q

Pulmon/o

A

Lung

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36
Q

Scler/o

A

Hard

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37
Q

Son/o

A

Sound, sound waves

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38
Q

Sphygm/o

A

Pulse

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39
Q

Steth/o, thorac/o

A

Thorax, chest

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40
Q

Thromb/o

A

Blood clot

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41
Q

Valv/o, valvul/o

A

Valve

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42
Q

Varic/o

A

Swollen or twisted vein

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43
Q

Ventricul/o

A

Ventricle

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44
Q

Cardi/o

A

Heart

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45
Q

Coron/o

A

Circle or crown

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46
Q

Electr/o

A

Electric, electricity

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47
Q

My/o

A

Muscle

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48
Q

Phleb/o, ven/i, ven/o

A

Vein

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49
Q

Aden/o

A

Gland

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50
Q

Lymph/o

A

Lymph

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51
Q

-Ectasia

A

Dilation, stretching

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52
Q

-Al, -ar, -ary, -ic

A

Pertaining to

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53
Q

Endo-

A

In, within

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54
Q

Epi-

A

On, following

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55
Q

Inter-

A

Between

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56
Q

Intra-

A

Within

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57
Q

Peri-

A

Around, surrounding

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58
Q

Tachy-

A

Rapid, fast

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59
Q

Tel-

A

End

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60
Q

Trans-

A

Across, through

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61
Q

Tri-

A

Three

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62
Q

Brady-

A

Slow

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63
Q

De-

A

Away from, cessation, w/o

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64
Q

-Gram

A

Record, recording

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65
Q

-Graph

A

Instrument for recording

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66
Q

-Graphy

A

Process of recording

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67
Q

-Icle, -ole, ule

A

Small

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68
Q

-Lytic

A

-Pertaining to destruction, breakdown, + separation

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69
Q

-Ium

A

Tissue, structure

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70
Q

-Stenosis

A

Stricture, narrowing

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71
Q

-Oid

A

Resembling

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72
Q

Arteriovenous (AV)

A

Pertaining to both arteries and veins

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73
Q

Atrioventricular (AV)

A

Pertaining to the atria and ventricles

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74
Q

Cardiovascular

A

Pertaining to the heart / blood vessels

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75
Q

Constriction

A

Process of narrowing or tightening in a structure

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76
Q

Cyanotic

A

Pertaining to a blue or purple discoloration (due to deoxygenated blood)

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77
Q

Deoxygenation

A

Process of removing or having a lack of oxygen

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78
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation phase of ventricles in the heartbeat cycle

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79
Q

Ischemic

A

Pertaining to a lack of blood flow

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80
Q

Oxygenation

A

Process of adding oxygen

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81
Q

Paroxysmal

A

Sudden

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82
Q

Patent

A

Open/exposed

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83
Q

Precordial

A

Pertaining to the anterior left chest

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84
Q

Sphygmic

A

Pertaining to the pulse

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85
Q

Stenotic

A

Pertaining to the condition of narrowing

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86
Q

Supraventricular

A

Pertaining to above the ventricles

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87
Q

Systole

A

Contraction phase of ventricles in the heartbeat cycle

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88
Q

Thoracic

A

Pertaining to the chest

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89
Q

Thrombotic

A

Pertaining to a thrombus or blood clot

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90
Q

Varicose

A

Pertaining to swollen or twisted veins

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91
Q

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

A

Chest pain and other signs and symptoms associated with cardiac ischemia

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92
Q

Aneurysm

A

Dilation of an artery; usually due to weakness in arterial wall

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93
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Chest pain/pressure resulting from lack of blood flow to the myocardium

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94
Q

Angiostenosis

A

Narrowing of a blood vessel

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95
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

Narrowing of aortic valve opening

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96
Q

Arteriosclerosis, syn. arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD)

A

Hardening or loss of elasticity of arteries

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97
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Buildup of plaque or fatty paste inside arterial walls

98
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

Complete, sudden cessation of cardiac activity

99
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Compression of the heart due to an increase of fluid in the pericardium

100
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Enlargement of the heart

101
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of the heart muscles

102
Q

Cardiopathy

A

Any disease of the heart

103
Q

Cardiovalvulitis

A

Inflammation of the valves of the heart

104
Q

Coarctation of the aorta

A

Narrowing of aorta causing hypertension, ventricular strain, + ischemia

105
Q

Coronary occlusion

A

Blockage of a coronary vessel often leading to a myocardial infarction

106
Q

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

Inefficiency of cardiac circulation causing edema and pulmonary congestion

107
Q

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

Narrowing of coronary arteries causing a decrease in blood flow or ischemia to the myocardium

108
Q

Embolus

A

Vascular blockage made up of a thrombus, bacteria, air plaque, and/or other foreign material

109
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the endocardium

110
Q

Hypertension

A

Persistently elevated blood pressure

111
Q

Hypotension

A

Blood pressure that is below normal

112
Q

Intermittent claudication

A

Cramping of the lower leg muscles usually caused by lack of blood flow

113
Q

Ischemia

A

Lack of blood flow

114
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A

Backward movement of the mitral valve cusps allowing regurgitation

115
Q

Mitral valve stenosis

A

Narrowing of the mitral valve opening usually caused by scarring from rheumatic fever

116
Q

Murmur

A

Abnormal heart sound

117
Q

Myocardial infarction (MI)

A

Death of heart tissue usually due to coronary artery occlusion

118
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of the heart muscle

119
Q

Occlusion

A

Blockage or closure

120
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardial sac around the heart

121
Q

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

A

Any disorder of the arteries outside of, or peripheral t, the heart

122
Q

Plaque

A

Fat or lipid deposit on an arterial wall

123
Q

Polyarteritis

A

Inflammation of many arteries

124
Q

Raynaud disease, syn. Raynaud syndrome

A

Cyanosis of the fingers or toes due to vascular constriction, usually caused by cold temperatures or emotional stress

125
Q

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD)

A

Valvular disease resulting from rheumatic fever

126
Q

Stenosis

A

Narrowing or stricture of a vessel

127
Q

Thrombus

A

Blood clot

128
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Abnormality or disturbance of heart rhythm

129
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate

130
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

Defective heart rhythm

131
Q

Fibrillation

A

Rapid irregular muscular contractions of the atria or ventricles

132
Q

Flutter

A

Rapid regular muscular contractions of the atria or ventricles

133
Q

Palpitation

A

Forceful or irregular heart beat felt by the patient

134
Q

Premature ventricular contraction (PVC)

A

Early contraction of the ventricles

135
Q

Tachycardia

A

Fast heart rate

136
Q

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT)

A

Blood clot formation in a deep vein, usually of the legs or pelvic region

137
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein

138
Q

Telangiectasia

A

Dilation of small or terminal vessels

139
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein with formation of a clot

140
Q

Varicose vein

A

Swollen and/or twisted veins, usually of the legs

141
Q

Edema

A

Accumulation of excess fluid in intercellular spaces; can be caused by blockage or lymph vessels

142
Q

Elephantiasis

A

Enlargement of the lower extremities due to blockage of lymph vessels commonly caused by filarial worms (filariae)

143
Q

Filariae

A

Small parasitic worms that are transmitted by mosquitoes; the worms invade tissues as embryos and block lymph vessels as they grow

144
Q

Lymphadenitis

A

Inflammation of the lymph nodes

145
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Disease of the lymph nodes; usually causes enlargement of the nodes

146
Q

Lymphangitis

A

Inflammation of a lymph vessel

147
Q

Lymphedema

A

Edema due to a blocked lymph node or lymph vessel

148
Q

Pitting edema

A

Edema that retains an indentation of a finger that had been pressed firmly on the skin

149
Q

Cardiac enzyme tests

A

Blood tests used to measure the level of creatine kinase (CK), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), + lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) that, when such levels are increased, may indicate a myocardial infarction

150
Q

Cardiac troponin

A

Blood test used to measure the level of a protein that is released in the blood when myocardial cells die

151
Q

C-reactive protein (CRP)

A

Blood test used to measure the level of inflammation in the body; may indicate conditions that lead to cardiovascular disease

152
Q

Electrolyte panel

A

Blood test used to measure the level of sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), + carbon dioxide (CO2); used to diagnose an acid-base or pH imbalance that may cause arrhythmias, muscle damage, or death

153
Q

Lipid panel, syn. lipid profile

A

Blood test to measure the level of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), + triglycerides, allow of which may signal an increased risk of cardiovascular disease

154
Q

Angioscopy

A

Insertion of a catheter with an attached camera to visualize a structure or vessel

155
Q

Aortography

A

Process of recording the aorta after injection of a dye

156
Q

Arteriography

A

Process of recording an artery after injection of a dye

157
Q

Coronary angiography, syn. cardiac characterization

A

Process of recording the heart and major vessels after injection of a dye

158
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

Imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency waves to visualize anatomic structures

159
Q

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)

A

MRI of the heart and blood vessels with an injection of dye

160
Q

Multiple uptake gated acquisition (MUGA) scan

A

Nuclear medicine technique used to assess ventricular function by producing an image of a beating heart

161
Q

Sonography, syn. ultrasonography

A

Use of ultrasonic sound waves to visualize internal organs

162
Q

Doppler sonography (DS)

A

Technique used to record velocity of blood flow

163
Q

Echocardiography

A

Process of recording the structure and function of the heart at rest and with exercise

164
Q

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)

A

Placement of ultrasonic transducer inside the patient’s esophagus to assess cardiac function and examine cardiac structure

165
Q

Vascular sonography

A

Placement of the ultrasound transducer at the tip of the catheter within a blood vessel to assess blood flow

166
Q

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan

A

Nuclear medicine technique used to assess ventricular function by producing a 3-D image of a beating heart

167
Q

Venography

A

Process of recording a vein after injection of a dye

168
Q

Ventriculography

A

Process of recording the heart ventricles after injection of a dye or radioactive substance (radionuclide)

169
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening to body sounds with a stethoscope

170
Q

Blood pressure monitoring (BP)

A

Auscultation of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure using a stethoscope and a sphygmomanometer

171
Q

Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG)

A

Process of recording (in a graphic format) the heart’s electrical activity; the waves are labeled with letters (P, Q, R. S. + T)

172
Q

Graded exercise test (GXT), syn. stress electrocardiogram, exercise stress test

A

Electrocardiogram performed with controlled stress (usually w/ a treadmill or bicycle)

173
Q

Holter monitor (HM)

A

Portable electrocardiographic device usually worn for 24 hrs

174
Q

Percussion

A

Physical examination method of tapping over the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size, border, or fluid content of a cavity

175
Q

Pulse

A

Rhythmic dilation of an artery with each heart contraction, usually felt at the wrist or neck

176
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

Device used for measuring BP

177
Q

Stethoscope

A

Instrument used for auscultation of vascular or other sounds in the body

178
Q

Lymphangiography

A

Process of recording a lymph node or lymph vessel after injection of a dye

179
Q

Anticoagulant

A

Drug used to prolong clotting time

180
Q

Antiarrhythmic agent

A

Drug used to suppress fast or irregular rhythms

181
Q

Hemostatic agent

A

Drug that stops the flow of blood within vessels

182
Q

Hypolipidemic agent

A

Durg used to lower cholesterol levels

183
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Vasodilator used for angina pectoris

184
Q

Thrombolytic therapy

A

Administration of an intravenous drug to dissolve a blood clot

185
Q

Vasoconstrictor

A

Drug that decreases the size of blood vessels

186
Q

Vasodilator

A

Drug that increases the size of blood vessel

187
Q

Valve replacement

A

Surgical replacement of a valve with a biologic or mechanical device

188
Q

Valvotomy

A

Incision into a valve

189
Q

Valvuloplasty

A

Surgical repair of a valve

190
Q

Adenectomy

A

Excision of a gland

191
Q

Lymphadenectomy

A

Excision of a lymph node

192
Q

Lymphadenectomy

A

Incision into a lymph node

193
Q

Defibrillation

A

Use of an electric shock to stop fibrillation or cardiac arrest

194
Q

Embolectomy

A

Surgical removal of an embolus or blood clot, usually with a catheter

195
Q

Endarterectomy

A

Surgical removal of atheromatous deposits, usually in a coronary or carotid artery

196
Q

Pericardiocentesis

A

Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the pericardium

197
Q

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

A

Advancement of a cardiac catheter with a balloon attachment that can be inflated at the site of stenosis, thereby enlarging the lumen

198
Q

Phlebectomy

A

Excision of a vein

199
Q

Stent

A

Intravascular insertion of a hollow mesh tube designed to keep a vessel open or patent

200
Q

Angioplasty

A

Surgical repair of a vessel

201
Q

Aortocoronary bypass (ACB)

A

Attachment of a grafted vessel to the aorta to go around a damaged coronary artery

202
Q

Aneurysmectomy

A

Excision of an aneurysm

203
Q

Atherectomy

A

Surgical removal of fatty plaque from a vessel surgically or using catheterization

204
Q

Cardiac pacemaker

A

Surgically-placed mechanical device connected to stimulating leads (electrodes) on or within the heart, programmed to help maintain normal heart rate and rhythm

205
Q

Cardioversion

A

Use of defibrillation or drugs to restore the heart’s normal rhythm

206
Q

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

Surgical procedure in which a damaged section of a coronary artery is replaced or bypassed w/ a graft vessel

207
Q

Cardiologist

A

Physician who specializes in cardiology

208
Q

Cardiology

A

Medical specialty concerned with diagnosis/treatment of heart disease

209
Q

Cardiac electrophysiology

A

Medical specialty concerned with the electrical activities of the heart

210
Q

Cardiac electrophysiologist

A

Physician who specializes in cardiac electrophysiology

211
Q

Lymphedema therapy

A

Medical specialty concerned with the treatment of lymphedema

212
Q

Lymphedema therapist

A

One who specializes in lymphedema therapy

213
Q

CXT

A

Graded exercise test

214
Q

ECG or EKG

A

Electrocardiography

215
Q

DVT

A

Deep venous thrombosis

216
Q

DS

A

Doppler sonography

217
Q

CHF

A

Congestive heart failure

218
Q

CAD

A

Coronary artery disease

219
Q

CABG

A

Coronary artery bypass graft

220
Q

BP

A

Blood pressure

221
Q

AV

A

Arteriovenous; atrioventricular

222
Q

ASHD

A

Arteriosclerotic heart disease

223
Q

ACS

A

Acute coronary syndrome

224
Q

ACB

A

Aortocoronary bypass

225
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

226
Q

MRA

A

Magnetic resonance angiography

227
Q

MI

A

Myocardial infarction

228
Q

HTN

A

Hypertension

229
Q

HM

A

Holter monitor

230
Q

MUGA

A

Multiple uptake gated aquisition

231
Q

PAD

A

Peripheral argertial disease

232
Q

PTCA

A

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

233
Q

PVC

A

Premature ventricular contraction

234
Q

RHD

A

Rheumatic heart disease

235
Q

TEE

A

Transesophageal echocardiography

236
Q

SPECT

A

Single photon emission computed tomography

237
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A

Hormone released by kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in bone marrow

238
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Formation of blood cells and other formed elements

239
Q

Spleen

A

Vascular lymphatic organ responsible for filtering blood, destroying old red blood cells, producing red blood cells, before birth, + storing blood

240
Q

Erythrocyte, syn. red blood cell (RBC)

A

Blood cell that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide

241
Q

Bone marrow

A

Soft tissue within bone, with multiple functions including the production of blood cells

242
Q

Serum

A

Liquid portion of blood after removal of clotting factors and blood cells

HOSA MedTerm (17 decks)

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