Chapter 7- Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Flashcards
1
Q
Cardiovascular system
A
Blood vessels and heart carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and carrying away waste
2
Q
Heart
A
Muscular organ taking deoxygenated blood from the veins, pumping it to the lungs for oxygen, + returning it to the body through the arteries
3
Q
Apex
A
Lower pointed end of heart
4
Q
Septum
A
Wall of heart tissue separating right and left sides of the heart
5
Q
Atrium
A
Upper receiving chamber of the heart; right and left
6
Q
Ventricle
A
Lower pumping chamber of the heart; right and left structures
7
Q
Endocardium
A
Inner lining of the heart
8
Q
Myocardium
A
Middle muscular layer of heart tissue
9
Q
Epicardium
A
Outer lining of the heart
10
Q
Pericardium
A
Sac around the heart that facilitates movement of the heart as it beats
11
Q
Aortic valve
A
Heart valve between left ventricle and aorta
12
Q
Mitral valve
A
Heart valve between the left atrium and left ventricle; also called the bicuspid valve
13
Q
Pulmonary valve
A
Heart valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery; also called semilunar valve (half-moon shape of three cups)
14
Q
Tricuspid valve
A
Heart valve between the right atrium and right ventricle
15
Q
Blood vessels
A
Structures that carry/transport blood
16
Q
Artery
A
Vessel carrying blood away from the heart
17
Q
Arteriole
A
Small artery
18
Q
Capillary
A
Microscopic thin-walled vessel connecting arterioles and venules where gas, nutrient, + waste exchange take place between the blood and cells of the body
19
Q
Lumen
A
Interior space of a vessel
20
Q
Venule
A
Small vein
21
Q
Vein
A
Vessel carrying blood to the heart
22
Q
Aorta
A
Largest artery that begins as an arch from the left ventricle then branches and descends through the thoracic and abdominal cavities; carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
23
Q
Inferior vena cava
A
Large vein carrying blood to the heart from the lower part of the body
24
Q
Superior vena cava
A
Large vein carrying blood to the heart from the upper part of the body
25
Lymph
Clear fluid consisting of fluctuating amounts of white blood cells and a few red blood cells that accumulate in tissue and is removed bu the lymphatic capillaries
26
Lymph nodes, syn. lymph glands
Small, bean-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue that filter bacteria and foreign material from the lymph, located on larger lymph vessels in the axillary, cervical, inguinal, + mediastinal areas
27
Lymph vessels
Vessel transporting lymph from body tissues to the venous system
28
Lymph capillaries
Microscopic, thin-walled lymph vessels that pick up lymph proteins and waste from body tissues
29
Lymph ducts
Largest lymph vessels that transport lymph to the venous system
30
Angi/o. vas/o, vascul/o
Vessel, duct
31
Aort/o
Aorta
32
Arteri/o
Artery
33
Ather/o
Fatty paste
34
Atri/o
Atrium
35
Pulmon/o
Lung
36
Scler/o
Hard
37
Son/o
Sound, sound waves
38
Sphygm/o
Pulse
39
Steth/o, thorac/o
Thorax, chest
40
Thromb/o
Blood clot
41
Valv/o, valvul/o
Valve
42
Varic/o
Swollen or twisted vein
43
Ventricul/o
Ventricle
44
Cardi/o
Heart
45
Coron/o
Circle or crown
46
Electr/o
Electric, electricity
47
My/o
Muscle
48
Phleb/o, ven/i, ven/o
Vein
49
Aden/o
Gland
50
Lymph/o
Lymph
51
-Ectasia
Dilation, stretching
52
-Al, -ar, -ary, -ic
Pertaining to
53
Endo-
In, within
54
Epi-
On, following
55
Inter-
Between
56
Intra-
Within
57
Peri-
Around, surrounding
58
Tachy-
Rapid, fast
59
Tel-
End
60
Trans-
Across, through
61
Tri-
Three
62
Brady-
Slow
63
De-
Away from, cessation, w/o
64
-Gram
Record, recording
65
-Graph
Instrument for recording
66
-Graphy
Process of recording
67
-Icle, -ole, ule
Small
68
-Lytic
-Pertaining to destruction, breakdown, + separation
69
-Ium
Tissue, structure
70
-Stenosis
Stricture, narrowing
71
-Oid
Resembling
72
Arteriovenous (AV)
Pertaining to both arteries and veins
73
Atrioventricular (AV)
Pertaining to the atria and ventricles
74
Cardiovascular
Pertaining to the heart / blood vessels
75
Constriction
Process of narrowing or tightening in a structure
76
Cyanotic
Pertaining to a blue or purple discoloration (due to deoxygenated blood)
77
Deoxygenation
Process of removing or having a lack of oxygen
78
Diastole
Relaxation phase of ventricles in the heartbeat cycle
79
Ischemic
Pertaining to a lack of blood flow
80
Oxygenation
Process of adding oxygen
81
Paroxysmal
Sudden
82
Patent
Open/exposed
83
Precordial
Pertaining to the anterior left chest
84
Sphygmic
Pertaining to the pulse
85
Stenotic
Pertaining to the condition of narrowing
86
Supraventricular
Pertaining to above the ventricles
87
Systole
Contraction phase of ventricles in the heartbeat cycle
88
Thoracic
Pertaining to the chest
89
Thrombotic
Pertaining to a thrombus or blood clot
90
Varicose
Pertaining to swollen or twisted veins
91
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
Chest pain and other signs and symptoms associated with cardiac ischemia
92
Aneurysm
Dilation of an artery; usually due to weakness in arterial wall
93
Angina pectoris
Chest pain/pressure resulting from lack of blood flow to the myocardium
94
Angiostenosis
Narrowing of a blood vessel
95
Aortic stenosis
Narrowing of aortic valve opening
96
Arteriosclerosis, syn. arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD)
Hardening or loss of elasticity of arteries
97
Atherosclerosis
Buildup of plaque or fatty paste inside arterial walls
98
Cardiac arrest
Complete, sudden cessation of cardiac activity
99
Cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to an increase of fluid in the pericardium
100
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the heart
101
Cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscles
102
Cardiopathy
Any disease of the heart
103
Cardiovalvulitis
Inflammation of the valves of the heart
104
Coarctation of the aorta
Narrowing of aorta causing hypertension, ventricular strain, + ischemia
105
Coronary occlusion
Blockage of a coronary vessel often leading to a myocardial infarction
106
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Inefficiency of cardiac circulation causing edema and pulmonary congestion
107
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Narrowing of coronary arteries causing a decrease in blood flow or ischemia to the myocardium
108
Embolus
Vascular blockage made up of a thrombus, bacteria, air plaque, and/or other foreign material
109
Endocarditis
Inflammation of the endocardium
110
Hypertension
Persistently elevated blood pressure
111
Hypotension
Blood pressure that is below normal
112
Intermittent claudication
Cramping of the lower leg muscles usually caused by lack of blood flow
113
Ischemia
Lack of blood flow
114
Mitral valve prolapse
Backward movement of the mitral valve cusps allowing regurgitation
115
Mitral valve stenosis
Narrowing of the mitral valve opening usually caused by scarring from rheumatic fever
116
Murmur
Abnormal heart sound
117
Myocardial infarction (MI)
Death of heart tissue usually due to coronary artery occlusion
118
Myocarditis
Inflammation of the heart muscle
119
Occlusion
Blockage or closure
120
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardial sac around the heart
121
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
Any disorder of the arteries outside of, or peripheral t, the heart
122
Plaque
Fat or lipid deposit on an arterial wall
123
Polyarteritis
Inflammation of many arteries
124
Raynaud disease, syn. Raynaud syndrome
Cyanosis of the fingers or toes due to vascular constriction, usually caused by cold temperatures or emotional stress
125
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD)
Valvular disease resulting from rheumatic fever
126
Stenosis
Narrowing or stricture of a vessel
127
Thrombus
Blood clot
128
Arrhythmia
Abnormality or disturbance of heart rhythm
129
Bradycardia
Slow heart rate
130
Dysrhythmia
Defective heart rhythm
131
Fibrillation
Rapid irregular muscular contractions of the atria or ventricles
132
Flutter
Rapid regular muscular contractions of the atria or ventricles
133
Palpitation
Forceful or irregular heart beat felt by the patient
134
Premature ventricular contraction (PVC)
Early contraction of the ventricles
135
Tachycardia
Fast heart rate
136
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT)
Blood clot formation in a deep vein, usually of the legs or pelvic region
137
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein
138
Telangiectasia
Dilation of small or terminal vessels
139
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein with formation of a clot
140
Varicose vein
Swollen and/or twisted veins, usually of the legs
141
Edema
Accumulation of excess fluid in intercellular spaces; can be caused by blockage or lymph vessels
142
Elephantiasis
Enlargement of the lower extremities due to blockage of lymph vessels commonly caused by filarial worms (filariae)
143
Filariae
Small parasitic worms that are transmitted by mosquitoes; the worms invade tissues as embryos and block lymph vessels as they grow
144
Lymphadenitis
Inflammation of the lymph nodes
145
Lymphadenopathy
Disease of the lymph nodes; usually causes enlargement of the nodes
146
Lymphangitis
Inflammation of a lymph vessel
147
Lymphedema
Edema due to a blocked lymph node or lymph vessel
148
Pitting edema
Edema that retains an indentation of a finger that had been pressed firmly on the skin
149
Cardiac enzyme tests
Blood tests used to measure the level of creatine kinase (CK), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), + lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) that, when such levels are increased, may indicate a myocardial infarction
150
Cardiac troponin
Blood test used to measure the level of a protein that is released in the blood when myocardial cells die
151
C-reactive protein (CRP)
Blood test used to measure the level of inflammation in the body; may indicate conditions that lead to cardiovascular disease
152
Electrolyte panel
Blood test used to measure the level of sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), + carbon dioxide (CO2); used to diagnose an acid-base or pH imbalance that may cause arrhythmias, muscle damage, or death
153
Lipid panel, syn. lipid profile
Blood test to measure the level of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), + triglycerides, allow of which may signal an increased risk of cardiovascular disease
154
Angioscopy
Insertion of a catheter with an attached camera to visualize a structure or vessel
155
Aortography
Process of recording the aorta after injection of a dye
156
Arteriography
Process of recording an artery after injection of a dye
157
Coronary angiography, syn. cardiac characterization
Process of recording the heart and major vessels after injection of a dye
158
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency waves to visualize anatomic structures
159
Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
MRI of the heart and blood vessels with an injection of dye
160
Multiple uptake gated acquisition (MUGA) scan
Nuclear medicine technique used to assess ventricular function by producing an image of a beating heart
161
Sonography, syn. ultrasonography
Use of ultrasonic sound waves to visualize internal organs
162
Doppler sonography (DS)
Technique used to record velocity of blood flow
163
Echocardiography
Process of recording the structure and function of the heart at rest and with exercise
164
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)
Placement of ultrasonic transducer inside the patient's esophagus to assess cardiac function and examine cardiac structure
165
Vascular sonography
Placement of the ultrasound transducer at the tip of the catheter within a blood vessel to assess blood flow
166
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan
Nuclear medicine technique used to assess ventricular function by producing a 3-D image of a beating heart
167
Venography
Process of recording a vein after injection of a dye
168
Ventriculography
Process of recording the heart ventricles after injection of a dye or radioactive substance (radionuclide)
169
Auscultation
Listening to body sounds with a stethoscope
170
Blood pressure monitoring (BP)
Auscultation of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure using a stethoscope and a sphygmomanometer
171
Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG)
Process of recording (in a graphic format) the heart's electrical activity; the waves are labeled with letters (P, Q, R. S. + T)
172
Graded exercise test (GXT), syn. stress electrocardiogram, exercise stress test
Electrocardiogram performed with controlled stress (usually w/ a treadmill or bicycle)
173
Holter monitor (HM)
Portable electrocardiographic device usually worn for 24 hrs
174
Percussion
Physical examination method of tapping over the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size, border, or fluid content of a cavity
175
Pulse
Rhythmic dilation of an artery with each heart contraction, usually felt at the wrist or neck
176
Sphygmomanometer
Device used for measuring BP
177
Stethoscope
Instrument used for auscultation of vascular or other sounds in the body
178
Lymphangiography
Process of recording a lymph node or lymph vessel after injection of a dye
179
Anticoagulant
Drug used to prolong clotting time
180
Antiarrhythmic agent
Drug used to suppress fast or irregular rhythms
181
Hemostatic agent
Drug that stops the flow of blood within vessels
182
Hypolipidemic agent
Durg used to lower cholesterol levels
183
Nitroglycerin
Vasodilator used for angina pectoris
184
Thrombolytic therapy
Administration of an intravenous drug to dissolve a blood clot
185
Vasoconstrictor
Drug that decreases the size of blood vessels
186
Vasodilator
Drug that increases the size of blood vessel
187
Valve replacement
Surgical replacement of a valve with a biologic or mechanical device
188
Valvotomy
Incision into a valve
189
Valvuloplasty
Surgical repair of a valve
190
Adenectomy
Excision of a gland
191
Lymphadenectomy
Excision of a lymph node
192
Lymphadenectomy
Incision into a lymph node
193
Defibrillation
Use of an electric shock to stop fibrillation or cardiac arrest
194
Embolectomy
Surgical removal of an embolus or blood clot, usually with a catheter
195
Endarterectomy
Surgical removal of atheromatous deposits, usually in a coronary or carotid artery
196
Pericardiocentesis
Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the pericardium
197
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
Advancement of a cardiac catheter with a balloon attachment that can be inflated at the site of stenosis, thereby enlarging the lumen
198
Phlebectomy
Excision of a vein
199
Stent
Intravascular insertion of a hollow mesh tube designed to keep a vessel open or patent
200
Angioplasty
Surgical repair of a vessel
201
Aortocoronary bypass (ACB)
Attachment of a grafted vessel to the aorta to go around a damaged coronary artery
202
Aneurysmectomy
Excision of an aneurysm
203
Atherectomy
Surgical removal of fatty plaque from a vessel surgically or using catheterization
204
Cardiac pacemaker
Surgically-placed mechanical device connected to stimulating leads (electrodes) on or within the heart, programmed to help maintain normal heart rate and rhythm
205
Cardioversion
Use of defibrillation or drugs to restore the heart's normal rhythm
206
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
Surgical procedure in which a damaged section of a coronary artery is replaced or bypassed w/ a graft vessel
207
Cardiologist
Physician who specializes in cardiology
208
Cardiology
Medical specialty concerned with diagnosis/treatment of heart disease
209
Cardiac electrophysiology
Medical specialty concerned with the electrical activities of the heart
210
Cardiac electrophysiologist
Physician who specializes in cardiac electrophysiology
211
Lymphedema therapy
Medical specialty concerned with the treatment of lymphedema
212
Lymphedema therapist
One who specializes in lymphedema therapy
213
CXT
Graded exercise test
214
ECG or EKG
Electrocardiography
215
DVT
Deep venous thrombosis
216
DS
Doppler sonography
217
CHF
Congestive heart failure
218
CAD
Coronary artery disease
219
CABG
Coronary artery bypass graft
220
BP
Blood pressure
221
AV
Arteriovenous; atrioventricular
222
ASHD
Arteriosclerotic heart disease
223
ACS
Acute coronary syndrome
224
ACB
Aortocoronary bypass
225
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
226
MRA
Magnetic resonance angiography
227
MI
Myocardial infarction
228
HTN
Hypertension
229
HM
Holter monitor
230
MUGA
Multiple uptake gated aquisition
231
PAD
Peripheral argertial disease
232
PTCA
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
233
PVC
Premature ventricular contraction
234
RHD
Rheumatic heart disease
235
TEE
Transesophageal echocardiography
236
SPECT
Single photon emission computed tomography
237
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Hormone released by kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in bone marrow
238
Hematopoiesis
Formation of blood cells and other formed elements
239
Spleen
Vascular lymphatic organ responsible for filtering blood, destroying old red blood cells, producing red blood cells, before birth, + storing blood
240
Erythrocyte, syn. red blood cell (RBC)
Blood cell that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
241
Bone marrow
Soft tissue within bone, with multiple functions including the production of blood cells
242
Serum
Liquid portion of blood after removal of clotting factors and blood cells
