Chapter 6- Urinary System Flashcards
1
Q
Kidney
A
1 of 2 bean-shaped organs that remove waste products from the blood and help maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body
2
Q
Nephron
A
Microscopic urine-producing unit; each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons
3
Q
Glomerulus
A
1 of several capillary clusters at the entrance of each nephron that initiates the process of filtering blood
4
Q
Renal pelvis
A
Reservoir in each kidney that collects urine
5
Q
Ureter
A
OOne of 2 narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
6
Q
Urethra
A
Tubular structure through which urine passes from the urinary bladder to outside the body
7
Q
Urinary bladder
A
Muscular organ that holds the urine until it is released
8
Q
Urinary meatus
A
Opening that carries urine from the urethra to the outside of the body
9
Q
Urine
A
Water, waste products, and other substances excreted by the kidneys
10
Q
Son/o
A
Sound waves, sound
11
Q
Pyel/o
A
Renal pelvis
12
Q
Py/o
A
Pus
13
Q
Olig/o
A
Scanty, few
14
Q
Noct/i
A
Night
15
Q
Nephr/o, ren/o
A
Kidney
16
Q
Meat/o
A
Meatus
17
Q
Lith/o
A
Stone, calculus
18
Q
Hydr/o
A
Water, fluid
19
Q
Hemat/o
A
Blood
20
Q
Glycos/o, glyc/o
A
Glucose, sugar
21
Q
Glomerul/o
A
Glomerulus
22
Q
Enur/o
A
To urinate in
23
Q
Cyst/o, vesicul/o, cesic/o
A
Fluid-filled sac (urinary bladder)
24
Q
Bacteri/o
A
Bacteria
25
Albumin/o
Albumin
26
Ur/o, urin/o
Urine, urinary system/tract
27
Urethr/o
Urethra
28
Ureter/o
Ureter
29
Dys-
Painful, difficult, abnormal
30
Poly-
Many, much
31
-Cele
Herniation, protrusion
32
-Emia
Blood (condition of)
33
-Iasis, -esis
Condition of
34
-Lith
Stone, calculus
35
-Lysis
Destruction, breakdown, separation
36
-Ptosis
Prolapse, drooping, sagging
37
-Scopy
Process of examining, examination
38
-Stenosis
Surgical opening
39
-Tripsy
Crushing
40
-Uria
Urine, urination
41
Cystic, syn. vesical
Pertaining to the urinary bladder
42
Genitourinary (GU)
Pertaining to the organs of reproduction and urination
43
Meatal
Pertaining to the meatus
44
Micturition
Process of releasing urine from the bladder
45
Nephric, syn. renal
Pertaining to the kidney
46
Ureteral
Pertaining to the ureter
47
Urethral
Pertaining to the urethra
48
Urinary
Pertaining to urine
49
Urinate, syn. micturate, void
To release urine from the bladder
50
Albuminuria
Albumin in urine
51
Anuria
Absence of urine formation
52
Bacteriuria
Bacteria in the urine
53
Cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder
54
Cystocele
Protrusion of the bladder
55
Cystolith
Stone in bladder
56
Diuresis
Condition of excreting increased amounts of urine
57
Dysuria
Difficulty urinating; painful urination
58
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Final phase of chronic kidney disease
59
Enuresis
Involuntary discharge of urine
60
Epispadias
Congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is on the upper surface of the penis
61
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney
62
Glycosuria
Glucose in urine
63
Hematuria
Blood in the urine
64
Hydronephrosis
Condition of fluid in the kidney(x); a buildup of urine caused by obstruction of urine flow usually due to a stone or stricture
65
Hydroureter
Condition of fluid in the ureter(s); a buildup of urine caused by obstruction of urine flow usually due to a stone or stricture
66
Hypospadias
Congenital defect in which the urinary meatus in on the underside of the penis
67
Nephritis
Inflammation of the kidney
68
Nephrolithiasis
Condition of stones in the kidney
69
Nephromegaly
Enlargement of kidney
70
Nephroptosis
Dropping of the kidney
71
Nocturia
Excessive urination at night
72
Nocturnal enuresis
Involuntary discharge of urine at night; bed-wetting
73
Oliguria
Scanty amount of urine
74
Polycystic kidney disease
Condition in which many cysts occur within and upon the kidneys, resulting in the loss of functional tissue
75
Polyuria
Frequent or excessive urination
76
Proteinuria
Protein in urine
77
Pyelitis
Inflammation of renal pelvis
78
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of renal pelvis and kidney
79
Pyuria
Pus in urine
80
Renal calculus, syn. nephrolith
Stone in kidney
81
Renal failure
Acute (ARF) or chronic (CRF) condition in which kidney fails to excrete urine
82
Renal hypertension
Elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
83
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI)
Involuntary discharge of urine during coughing, straining , or sudden movements
84
Stricture
Narrowing of an organ
85
Uremia
Urine components in the blood
86
Ureteritis
Inflammation of the ureter
87
Ureterocele
Protrusion of the ureter
88
Ureterstenosis
Narrowing of the ureter
89
Urethral stenosis
Narrowing of the urethra
90
Urethritis
Inflammation of the urethra
91
Ureterolith
Stone in the ureter
92
Urinary retention
Abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder, due to inability to empty the bladder
93
Urinary suppression
Suppression of urine formation
94
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Infection in 1+ organs of the urinary system
95
Urge incontinence
Involuntary leakage of urine with a sudden, strong desire to urinate
96
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood; used to evaluate kidney function
97
Creatinine clearance test
Test to measure the total amount of creatinine excreted in the urine, usually in a 24 hour period, to assess kidney function
98
Specific gravity (SG)
Test to measure the concentration of urine; used to evaluate the ability of kidneys to concentrate or dilute urine
99
Urinalysis (UA)
Series of tests done to analyze a sample of urine
100
Urinometer
Instrument for measuring the specific gravity of urine
101
Cystogram
Radiologic recording (x-ray) of bladder
102
Cystography
Process of making a radiologic recording of the bladder
103
Cystometrogram
Recording of pressure measurements in the bladder at various volumes
104
Cystoscope
Instrument for examining the bladder
105
Cystoscopy
Examination of the bladder
106
Intravenous pyelography (IVP), intravenous urography (IVU)
Process of making a radiologic recording (x-ray) of the urinary tract after injection of a contrast dye into the bloodstream
107
Kidneys, ureters, + bladder (KUB) x-ray
X-ray of the kidneys, ureters, + bladder
108
Nephrogram
Radiologic recording (x-ray) of the kidney
109
Nephrography
Process of making a radiologic recording (x-ray) of the kidney
110
Nephroscopy
Examination of the kidney(s)
111
Nephrosonography
Process of making a recording of the kidneys using sound waves (ultrasound)
112
Nephrotomogram
Recording of cuts or sections of the kidney; a computed tomograph of the kidneys
113
Renogram
Recording of kidney function after injection of a substance into the bloodstream; note that this is not an x-ray view
114
Retrograde pyelogram
Recording of the renal pelvis and kidneys taken after injection of a contrast dye into the ureters; retrograde means to go opposite to the normal direction
115
Urethroscope
Instrument used for examination of the urethra
116
Urethroscopy
Examination of the urethra
117
Urodynamics
Recording of the force and flow of urine
118
Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
Process of making a radiologic recording (x-ray) of the bladder and urethra during urination after instillation of a contrast dye into the bladder
119
Nephroscope
Instrument used to examine the kidney
120
Catheterization (cath)
Process of inserting a tube through the urethra into the bladder to drain it of urine
121
Cystectomy
Excision of the bladder
122
Cystolithotomy
Incision into the bladder to remove a stone
123
Cystoplasty
Repair of the bladder
124
Cystorrhaphy
Suturing of the bladder
125
Cystostomy
Creating a surgical opening into the bladder
126
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
Breaking up of renal or ureteral calculi by focused ultrasound energy
127
Hemodialysis
Removal of waste products from the blood through a machine that works as an artificial kidney
128
Lithotomy
Incision made to remove a stone surgically
129
Lithotripsy
Crushing of a stone
130
Meatotomy
Incision into a meatus
131
Nephrectomy
Excision of a kidney
132
Nephrolithotomy
Incision into a kidney to remove a stone
133
Nephrolysis
Separation of the kidney from adhesions
134
Nephropexy
Surgical fixation of a drooping kidney
135
Nephrotomy
Incision into a kidney
136
Peritoneal dialysis
Removal of waste products into the blood or impurities from the body using the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity as a filter
137
Pyelolithotomy
Incision into renal pelvis to remove a stone
138
Pyeloplasty
Repair of a renal pelvis
139
Renal transplant, syn. kidney transplant
Surgical removal of a kidney and replacement with a donor kidney
140
Ureterectomy
Excision of a ureter
141
Ureterostomy
Creation of a surgical opening into a ureter
142
Ureterotomy
Incision into a ureter
143
Urethroplasty
Repair of the urethra
144
Urethrotomy
Incision into the urethra
145
Vesicourethral suspension
Surgical suspension of the urethra and bladder for correction of stress urinary incontinence (SUI)
146
Antibacterial
Drug used to destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria
147
Antibiotic
Drug that acts against susceptible microorganisms
148
Diuretic
Drug that increases the amount of urine secreted
149
Urinary analgesic
Drug used to relieve pain within the urinary system
150
Nephrology
Medical specialty focusing on the study and treatment of kidney conditions
151
Nephrologist
Physician who specializes in nephrology
152
Urology
Medical specialty focusing on the study and treatment of conditions of the urinary system
153
Urologist
Physician who specializes in urology
154
ARF
Acute renal failure
155
BUN
Blood urea nitrogen
156
Cath
Catheter(ize, ization)
157
CRF
Chronic renal failure
158
ESRD
End-stage renal disease
159
ESWL
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
160
GU
Genitourinary
161
IVP
Intravenous pyelogram; intravenous pyelography
162
IVU
Intravenous urogram; intravenous urography
163
KUB
Kidenys, ureters, + bladder (x-ray)
164
SG
Specific gravity
165
SUI
Stress urinary incontinence
166
UA
Urinalysis
167
UTI
Urinary tract infection
168
VCUG
Voiding cystourethrogram; voiding cystourethrography
