Chapter 6- Urinary System Flashcards
Kidney
1 of 2 bean-shaped organs that remove waste products from the blood and help maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body
Nephron
Microscopic urine-producing unit; each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons
Glomerulus
1 of several capillary clusters at the entrance of each nephron that initiates the process of filtering blood
Renal pelvis
Reservoir in each kidney that collects urine
Ureter
OOne of 2 narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Urethra
Tubular structure through which urine passes from the urinary bladder to outside the body
Urinary bladder
Muscular organ that holds the urine until it is released
Urinary meatus
Opening that carries urine from the urethra to the outside of the body
Urine
Water, waste products, and other substances excreted by the kidneys
Son/o
Sound waves, sound
Pyel/o
Renal pelvis
Py/o
Pus
Olig/o
Scanty, few
Noct/i
Night
Nephr/o, ren/o
Kidney
Meat/o
Meatus
Lith/o
Stone, calculus
Hydr/o
Water, fluid
Hemat/o
Blood
Glycos/o, glyc/o
Glucose, sugar
Glomerul/o
Glomerulus
Enur/o
To urinate in
Cyst/o, vesicul/o, cesic/o
Fluid-filled sac (urinary bladder)
Bacteri/o
Bacteria
Albumin/o
Albumin
Ur/o, urin/o
Urine, urinary system/tract
Urethr/o
Urethra
Ureter/o
Ureter
Dys-
Painful, difficult, abnormal
Poly-
Many, much
-Cele
Herniation, protrusion
-Emia
Blood (condition of)
-Iasis, -esis
Condition of
-Lith
Stone, calculus
-Lysis
Destruction, breakdown, separation
-Ptosis
Prolapse, drooping, sagging
-Scopy
Process of examining, examination
-Stenosis
Surgical opening
-Tripsy
Crushing
-Uria
Urine, urination
Cystic, syn. vesical
Pertaining to the urinary bladder
Genitourinary (GU)
Pertaining to the organs of reproduction and urination
Meatal
Pertaining to the meatus
Micturition
Process of releasing urine from the bladder
Nephric, syn. renal
Pertaining to the kidney
Ureteral
Pertaining to the ureter
Urethral
Pertaining to the urethra
Urinary
Pertaining to urine
Urinate, syn. micturate, void
To release urine from the bladder
Albuminuria
Albumin in urine
Anuria
Absence of urine formation
Bacteriuria
Bacteria in the urine
Cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder
Cystocele
Protrusion of the bladder
Cystolith
Stone in bladder
Diuresis
Condition of excreting increased amounts of urine
Dysuria
Difficulty urinating; painful urination
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Final phase of chronic kidney disease
Enuresis
Involuntary discharge of urine
Epispadias
Congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is on the upper surface of the penis
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney
Glycosuria
Glucose in urine
Hematuria
Blood in the urine
Hydronephrosis
Condition of fluid in the kidney(x); a buildup of urine caused by obstruction of urine flow usually due to a stone or stricture
Hydroureter
Condition of fluid in the ureter(s); a buildup of urine caused by obstruction of urine flow usually due to a stone or stricture
Hypospadias
Congenital defect in which the urinary meatus in on the underside of the penis
Nephritis
Inflammation of the kidney
Nephrolithiasis
Condition of stones in the kidney
Nephromegaly
Enlargement of kidney
Nephroptosis
Dropping of the kidney
Nocturia
Excessive urination at night
Nocturnal enuresis
Involuntary discharge of urine at night; bed-wetting
Oliguria
Scanty amount of urine
Polycystic kidney disease
Condition in which many cysts occur within and upon the kidneys, resulting in the loss of functional tissue
Polyuria
Frequent or excessive urination
Proteinuria
Protein in urine
Pyelitis
Inflammation of renal pelvis
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of renal pelvis and kidney
Pyuria
Pus in urine
Renal calculus, syn. nephrolith
Stone in kidney
Renal failure
Acute (ARF) or chronic (CRF) condition in which kidney fails to excrete urine
Renal hypertension
Elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI)
Involuntary discharge of urine during coughing, straining , or sudden movements
Stricture
Narrowing of an organ
Uremia
Urine components in the blood
Ureteritis
Inflammation of the ureter
Ureterocele
Protrusion of the ureter
Ureterstenosis
Narrowing of the ureter
Urethral stenosis
Narrowing of the urethra
Urethritis
Inflammation of the urethra
Ureterolith
Stone in the ureter
Urinary retention
Abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder, due to inability to empty the bladder
Urinary suppression
Suppression of urine formation
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Infection in 1+ organs of the urinary system
Urge incontinence
Involuntary leakage of urine with a sudden, strong desire to urinate
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood; used to evaluate kidney function
Creatinine clearance test
Test to measure the total amount of creatinine excreted in the urine, usually in a 24 hour period, to assess kidney function
Specific gravity (SG)
Test to measure the concentration of urine; used to evaluate the ability of kidneys to concentrate or dilute urine
Urinalysis (UA)
Series of tests done to analyze a sample of urine
Urinometer
Instrument for measuring the specific gravity of urine
Cystogram
Radiologic recording (x-ray) of bladder
Cystography
Process of making a radiologic recording of the bladder
Cystometrogram
Recording of pressure measurements in the bladder at various volumes
Cystoscope
Instrument for examining the bladder
Cystoscopy
Examination of the bladder
Intravenous pyelography (IVP), intravenous urography (IVU)
Process of making a radiologic recording (x-ray) of the urinary tract after injection of a contrast dye into the bloodstream
Kidneys, ureters, + bladder (KUB) x-ray
X-ray of the kidneys, ureters, + bladder
Nephrogram
Radiologic recording (x-ray) of the kidney
Nephrography
Process of making a radiologic recording (x-ray) of the kidney
Nephroscopy
Examination of the kidney(s)
Nephrosonography
Process of making a recording of the kidneys using sound waves (ultrasound)
Nephrotomogram
Recording of cuts or sections of the kidney; a computed tomograph of the kidneys
Renogram
Recording of kidney function after injection of a substance into the bloodstream; note that this is not an x-ray view
Retrograde pyelogram
Recording of the renal pelvis and kidneys taken after injection of a contrast dye into the ureters; retrograde means to go opposite to the normal direction
Urethroscope
Instrument used for examination of the urethra
Urethroscopy
Examination of the urethra
Urodynamics
Recording of the force and flow of urine
Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
Process of making a radiologic recording (x-ray) of the bladder and urethra during urination after instillation of a contrast dye into the bladder
Nephroscope
Instrument used to examine the kidney
Catheterization (cath)
Process of inserting a tube through the urethra into the bladder to drain it of urine
Cystectomy
Excision of the bladder
Cystolithotomy
Incision into the bladder to remove a stone
Cystoplasty
Repair of the bladder
Cystorrhaphy
Suturing of the bladder
Cystostomy
Creating a surgical opening into the bladder
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
Breaking up of renal or ureteral calculi by focused ultrasound energy
Hemodialysis
Removal of waste products from the blood through a machine that works as an artificial kidney
Lithotomy
Incision made to remove a stone surgically
Lithotripsy
Crushing of a stone
Meatotomy
Incision into a meatus
Nephrectomy
Excision of a kidney
Nephrolithotomy
Incision into a kidney to remove a stone
Nephrolysis
Separation of the kidney from adhesions
Nephropexy
Surgical fixation of a drooping kidney
Nephrotomy
Incision into a kidney
Peritoneal dialysis
Removal of waste products into the blood or impurities from the body using the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity as a filter
Pyelolithotomy
Incision into renal pelvis to remove a stone
Pyeloplasty
Repair of a renal pelvis
Renal transplant, syn. kidney transplant
Surgical removal of a kidney and replacement with a donor kidney
Ureterectomy
Excision of a ureter
Ureterostomy
Creation of a surgical opening into a ureter
Ureterotomy
Incision into a ureter
Urethroplasty
Repair of the urethra
Urethrotomy
Incision into the urethra
Vesicourethral suspension
Surgical suspension of the urethra and bladder for correction of stress urinary incontinence (SUI)
Antibacterial
Drug used to destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria
Antibiotic
Drug that acts against susceptible microorganisms
Diuretic
Drug that increases the amount of urine secreted
Urinary analgesic
Drug used to relieve pain within the urinary system
Nephrology
Medical specialty focusing on the study and treatment of kidney conditions
Nephrologist
Physician who specializes in nephrology
Urology
Medical specialty focusing on the study and treatment of conditions of the urinary system
Urologist
Physician who specializes in urology
ARF
Acute renal failure
BUN
Blood urea nitrogen
Cath
Catheter(ize, ization)
CRF
Chronic renal failure
ESRD
End-stage renal disease
ESWL
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
GU
Genitourinary
IVP
Intravenous pyelogram; intravenous pyelography
IVU
Intravenous urogram; intravenous urography
KUB
Kidenys, ureters, + bladder (x-ray)
SG
Specific gravity
SUI
Stress urinary incontinence
UA
Urinalysis
UTI
Urinary tract infection
VCUG
Voiding cystourethrogram; voiding cystourethrography