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HOSA MedTerm > Chapter 6- Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 6- Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Kidney

A

1 of 2 bean-shaped organs that remove waste products from the blood and help maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body

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2
Q

Nephron

A

Microscopic urine-producing unit; each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons

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3
Q

Glomerulus

A

1 of several capillary clusters at the entrance of each nephron that initiates the process of filtering blood

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4
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Reservoir in each kidney that collects urine

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5
Q

Ureter

A

OOne of 2 narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

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6
Q

Urethra

A

Tubular structure through which urine passes from the urinary bladder to outside the body

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7
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Muscular organ that holds the urine until it is released

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8
Q

Urinary meatus

A

Opening that carries urine from the urethra to the outside of the body

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9
Q

Urine

A

Water, waste products, and other substances excreted by the kidneys

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10
Q

Son/o

A

Sound waves, sound

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11
Q

Pyel/o

A

Renal pelvis

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12
Q

Py/o

A

Pus

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13
Q

Olig/o

A

Scanty, few

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14
Q

Noct/i

A

Night

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15
Q

Nephr/o, ren/o

A

Kidney

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16
Q

Meat/o

A

Meatus

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17
Q

Lith/o

A

Stone, calculus

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18
Q

Hydr/o

A

Water, fluid

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19
Q

Hemat/o

A

Blood

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20
Q

Glycos/o, glyc/o

A

Glucose, sugar

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21
Q

Glomerul/o

A

Glomerulus

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22
Q

Enur/o

A

To urinate in

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23
Q

Cyst/o, vesicul/o, cesic/o

A

Fluid-filled sac (urinary bladder)

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24
Q

Bacteri/o

A

Bacteria

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25
Q

Albumin/o

A

Albumin

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26
Q

Ur/o, urin/o

A

Urine, urinary system/tract

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27
Q

Urethr/o

A

Urethra

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28
Q

Ureter/o

A

Ureter

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29
Q

Dys-

A

Painful, difficult, abnormal

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30
Q

Poly-

A

Many, much

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31
Q

-Cele

A

Herniation, protrusion

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32
Q

-Emia

A

Blood (condition of)

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33
Q

-Iasis, -esis

A

Condition of

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34
Q

-Lith

A

Stone, calculus

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35
Q

-Lysis

A

Destruction, breakdown, separation

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36
Q

-Ptosis

A

Prolapse, drooping, sagging

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37
Q

-Scopy

A

Process of examining, examination

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38
Q

-Stenosis

A

Surgical opening

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39
Q

-Tripsy

A

Crushing

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40
Q

-Uria

A

Urine, urination

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41
Q

Cystic, syn. vesical

A

Pertaining to the urinary bladder

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42
Q

Genitourinary (GU)

A

Pertaining to the organs of reproduction and urination

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43
Q

Meatal

A

Pertaining to the meatus

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44
Q

Micturition

A

Process of releasing urine from the bladder

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45
Q

Nephric, syn. renal

A

Pertaining to the kidney

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46
Q

Ureteral

A

Pertaining to the ureter

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47
Q

Urethral

A

Pertaining to the urethra

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48
Q

Urinary

A

Pertaining to urine

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49
Q

Urinate, syn. micturate, void

A

To release urine from the bladder

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50
Q

Albuminuria

A

Albumin in urine

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51
Q

Anuria

A

Absence of urine formation

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52
Q

Bacteriuria

A

Bacteria in the urine

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53
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of the bladder

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54
Q

Cystocele

A

Protrusion of the bladder

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55
Q

Cystolith

A

Stone in bladder

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56
Q

Diuresis

A

Condition of excreting increased amounts of urine

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57
Q

Dysuria

A

Difficulty urinating; painful urination

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58
Q

End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

A

Final phase of chronic kidney disease

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59
Q

Enuresis

A

Involuntary discharge of urine

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60
Q

Epispadias

A

Congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is on the upper surface of the penis

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61
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

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62
Q

Glycosuria

A

Glucose in urine

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63
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in the urine

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64
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Condition of fluid in the kidney(x); a buildup of urine caused by obstruction of urine flow usually due to a stone or stricture

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65
Q

Hydroureter

A

Condition of fluid in the ureter(s); a buildup of urine caused by obstruction of urine flow usually due to a stone or stricture

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66
Q

Hypospadias

A

Congenital defect in which the urinary meatus in on the underside of the penis

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67
Q

Nephritis

A

Inflammation of the kidney

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68
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Condition of stones in the kidney

69
Q

Nephromegaly

A

Enlargement of kidney

70
Q

Nephroptosis

A

Dropping of the kidney

71
Q

Nocturia

A

Excessive urination at night

72
Q

Nocturnal enuresis

A

Involuntary discharge of urine at night; bed-wetting

73
Q

Oliguria

A

Scanty amount of urine

74
Q

Polycystic kidney disease

A

Condition in which many cysts occur within and upon the kidneys, resulting in the loss of functional tissue

75
Q

Polyuria

A

Frequent or excessive urination

76
Q

Proteinuria

A

Protein in urine

77
Q

Pyelitis

A

Inflammation of renal pelvis

78
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of renal pelvis and kidney

79
Q

Pyuria

A

Pus in urine

80
Q

Renal calculus, syn. nephrolith

A

Stone in kidney

81
Q

Renal failure

A

Acute (ARF) or chronic (CRF) condition in which kidney fails to excrete urine

82
Q

Renal hypertension

A

Elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

83
Q

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI)

A

Involuntary discharge of urine during coughing, straining , or sudden movements

84
Q

Stricture

A

Narrowing of an organ

85
Q

Uremia

A

Urine components in the blood

86
Q

Ureteritis

A

Inflammation of the ureter

87
Q

Ureterocele

A

Protrusion of the ureter

88
Q

Ureterstenosis

A

Narrowing of the ureter

89
Q

Urethral stenosis

A

Narrowing of the urethra

90
Q

Urethritis

A

Inflammation of the urethra

91
Q

Ureterolith

A

Stone in the ureter

92
Q

Urinary retention

A

Abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder, due to inability to empty the bladder

93
Q

Urinary suppression

A

Suppression of urine formation

94
Q

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

Infection in 1+ organs of the urinary system

95
Q

Urge incontinence

A

Involuntary leakage of urine with a sudden, strong desire to urinate

96
Q

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

Blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood; used to evaluate kidney function

97
Q

Creatinine clearance test

A

Test to measure the total amount of creatinine excreted in the urine, usually in a 24 hour period, to assess kidney function

98
Q

Specific gravity (SG)

A

Test to measure the concentration of urine; used to evaluate the ability of kidneys to concentrate or dilute urine

99
Q

Urinalysis (UA)

A

Series of tests done to analyze a sample of urine

100
Q

Urinometer

A

Instrument for measuring the specific gravity of urine

101
Q

Cystogram

A

Radiologic recording (x-ray) of bladder

102
Q

Cystography

A

Process of making a radiologic recording of the bladder

103
Q

Cystometrogram

A

Recording of pressure measurements in the bladder at various volumes

104
Q

Cystoscope

A

Instrument for examining the bladder

105
Q

Cystoscopy

A

Examination of the bladder

106
Q

Intravenous pyelography (IVP), intravenous urography (IVU)

A

Process of making a radiologic recording (x-ray) of the urinary tract after injection of a contrast dye into the bloodstream

107
Q

Kidneys, ureters, + bladder (KUB) x-ray

A

X-ray of the kidneys, ureters, + bladder

108
Q

Nephrogram

A

Radiologic recording (x-ray) of the kidney

109
Q

Nephrography

A

Process of making a radiologic recording (x-ray) of the kidney

110
Q

Nephroscopy

A

Examination of the kidney(s)

111
Q

Nephrosonography

A

Process of making a recording of the kidneys using sound waves (ultrasound)

112
Q

Nephrotomogram

A

Recording of cuts or sections of the kidney; a computed tomograph of the kidneys

113
Q

Renogram

A

Recording of kidney function after injection of a substance into the bloodstream; note that this is not an x-ray view

114
Q

Retrograde pyelogram

A

Recording of the renal pelvis and kidneys taken after injection of a contrast dye into the ureters; retrograde means to go opposite to the normal direction

115
Q

Urethroscope

A

Instrument used for examination of the urethra

116
Q

Urethroscopy

A

Examination of the urethra

117
Q

Urodynamics

A

Recording of the force and flow of urine

118
Q

Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

A

Process of making a radiologic recording (x-ray) of the bladder and urethra during urination after instillation of a contrast dye into the bladder

119
Q

Nephroscope

A

Instrument used to examine the kidney

120
Q

Catheterization (cath)

A

Process of inserting a tube through the urethra into the bladder to drain it of urine

121
Q

Cystectomy

A

Excision of the bladder

122
Q

Cystolithotomy

A

Incision into the bladder to remove a stone

123
Q

Cystoplasty

A

Repair of the bladder

124
Q

Cystorrhaphy

A

Suturing of the bladder

125
Q

Cystostomy

A

Creating a surgical opening into the bladder

126
Q

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

Breaking up of renal or ureteral calculi by focused ultrasound energy

127
Q

Hemodialysis

A

Removal of waste products from the blood through a machine that works as an artificial kidney

128
Q

Lithotomy

A

Incision made to remove a stone surgically

129
Q

Lithotripsy

A

Crushing of a stone

130
Q

Meatotomy

A

Incision into a meatus

131
Q

Nephrectomy

A

Excision of a kidney

132
Q

Nephrolithotomy

A

Incision into a kidney to remove a stone

133
Q

Nephrolysis

A

Separation of the kidney from adhesions

134
Q

Nephropexy

A

Surgical fixation of a drooping kidney

135
Q

Nephrotomy

A

Incision into a kidney

136
Q

Peritoneal dialysis

A

Removal of waste products into the blood or impurities from the body using the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity as a filter

137
Q

Pyelolithotomy

A

Incision into renal pelvis to remove a stone

138
Q

Pyeloplasty

A

Repair of a renal pelvis

139
Q

Renal transplant, syn. kidney transplant

A

Surgical removal of a kidney and replacement with a donor kidney

140
Q

Ureterectomy

A

Excision of a ureter

141
Q

Ureterostomy

A

Creation of a surgical opening into a ureter

142
Q

Ureterotomy

A

Incision into a ureter

143
Q

Urethroplasty

A

Repair of the urethra

144
Q

Urethrotomy

A

Incision into the urethra

145
Q

Vesicourethral suspension

A

Surgical suspension of the urethra and bladder for correction of stress urinary incontinence (SUI)

146
Q

Antibacterial

A

Drug used to destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria

147
Q

Antibiotic

A

Drug that acts against susceptible microorganisms

148
Q

Diuretic

A

Drug that increases the amount of urine secreted

149
Q

Urinary analgesic

A

Drug used to relieve pain within the urinary system

150
Q

Nephrology

A

Medical specialty focusing on the study and treatment of kidney conditions

151
Q

Nephrologist

A

Physician who specializes in nephrology

152
Q

Urology

A

Medical specialty focusing on the study and treatment of conditions of the urinary system

153
Q

Urologist

A

Physician who specializes in urology

154
Q

ARF

A

Acute renal failure

155
Q

BUN

A

Blood urea nitrogen

156
Q

Cath

A

Catheter(ize, ization)

157
Q

CRF

A

Chronic renal failure

158
Q

ESRD

A

End-stage renal disease

159
Q

ESWL

A

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

160
Q

GU

A

Genitourinary

161
Q

IVP

A

Intravenous pyelogram; intravenous pyelography

162
Q

IVU

A

Intravenous urogram; intravenous urography

163
Q

KUB

A

Kidenys, ureters, + bladder (x-ray)

164
Q

SG

A

Specific gravity

165
Q

SUI

A

Stress urinary incontinence

166
Q

UA

A

Urinalysis

167
Q

UTI

A

Urinary tract infection

168
Q

VCUG

A

Voiding cystourethrogram; voiding cystourethrography

HOSA MedTerm (17 decks)

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