Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HOSA MedTerm > Chapter 15- Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 15- Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenal glands. syn. suprarenal glands

A

Pair of glands located on top of the kidneys that secrete hormones that aid in metabolism, electrolyte balance, _ stress reactions; each gland consists of an outer portion (adrenal cortex) and an inner portion (adrenal medulla)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Part of the brain located near the pituitary gland that controls the release of hormones by the pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Islets of Langerhans

A

Endocrine cells inside the pancreas that secrete hormones that aid carbohydrate and glucose metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ovaries

A

Female reproductive glands attached to the uterus that produce hormones and release eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

4 small glands located behind the thyroid that regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the bloodstream and bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pineal gland, syn. pineal body

A

Small, cone-shaped gland located in the brain that secretes melatonin, which affects sleep-wame cycles + reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain that secretes hormones that stimulate the function of other endocrine glands; also known as the “master gland”; divided into anterior and posterior lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Testes, syn. testicles

A

Male reproductive glands located in the scrotum, which produce sperm and testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thymus gland

A

Gland in the mediastinum that secretes a hormone that regulates the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Gland located below the larynx that secretes a hormone that is needed for cell metabolism and energy; the largest endocrine gland; has 2 lobes connected by a tissue called the isthmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pituitary gland (anterior lobe)- adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Stimulates the adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pituitary gland (anterior lobe)- follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Regulates the ovaries and testicles; stimulates secretion of estrogen in females and sperm production in males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pituitary gland (anterior lobe)- growth hormone (GH)

A

Regulates body growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pituitary gland (anterior lobe)- luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

Stimulates secretion of progesterone in females and testosterone in males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pituitary gland (anterior lobe)- prolactin

A

Stimulates milk production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pituitary gland (anterior lobe)- thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

Stimulates the thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pituitary gland (posterior lobe)- antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

Stimulates water absorption by the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pituitary gland (posterior lobe)- oxytocin

A

Stimulates uterine contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pineal gland- melatonin

A

Affects sleep-wake cycles + reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Thyroid gland- thyroxine (T4)

A

Regulates metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Thyroid gland- triiodothyronine (T3)

A

Regulates metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Parathyroid glands- parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

Regulates calcium + phosphorus levels in blood and bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Islets of Langerhans- insulin

A

Regulates blood glucose levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Thymus gland- thymosin

A

Regulates immune responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Adrenal cortex- aldosterone
Regulates electrolyte levels
26
Adrenal cortex- cortisol
Aids in metabolism and aids the body during stress
27
Adrenal medulla- epinephrine + norepinephrine
Aid body during stress by raising heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration
28
Ovaries- estrogen + progesterone
Affect development of female sexual organs and secondary sexual characteristics; regulate menstrual cycle and pregnancy
29
Testes- testosterone
Affects development of sexual organs in males and secondary sexual characteristics
30
Acr/o
Extremity, tip
31
Aden/o
Gland
32
Adren/o, adrenal/o
Adrenal glands
33
Calc/i
Calcium
34
Cortic/o
Cortex
35
Crin/o
To secrete
36
Dips/o
Thirst
37
Endocrin/o
Endocrine
38
Gluc/o, glucos/o, glyco/o, glycos/o
Glucose, sugar
39
Hormon/o
Hormone
40
Kal/i
Potassium
41
Natr/i
Sodium
42
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
43
Parathyroid/o
Parathydroid glands
44
Thym/o
Thymus gland
45
Thyr/o, thyroid/o
Thyroid gland
46
Eu-
Good, normal
47
Hyper-
Above, excessive
48
Hypo-
Below, deficient
49
Poly-
Many, much
50
-Al, -ic
Pertaining to
51
-Emia
Blood (condition of)
52
-Ism
Condition of
53
-Megaly
Enlargement
54
-Oid
Resembling
55
-Osis
Abnormal condition
56
-Penia
Deficiency
57
-Uria
Urine, urination
58
Cortical
Pertaining to the cortex
59
Endogenous
Produced inside the body
60
Euthyroid
Normal thyroid
61
Exogenous
Produced outside of the body
62
Metabolism
All physical + chemical changes that occur in tissue
63
Pancreatic
Pertaining to the pancreas
64
Thymic
Pertaining the thymus gland
65
Acidosis
Abnormal accumulation of acidic waste products in the blood
66
Acromegaly
Enlargement of the extremities caused by excessive production of growth hormone
67
Addison disease
Disease caused by deficiency of cortisol production by the adrenal glands; characterized by darkening of the skin, weakness, and loss of appetite
68
Adenalgia
Pain in a gland
69
Adenitis
Inflammation of a gland
70
Adenomegaly
Enlargement of a gland
71
Adrenalitis
Inflammation of the adrenal gland
72
Adrenomegaly
Enlargement of an adrenal gland
73
Adrenopathy
Disease of the adrenal gland
74
Calcipenia
Deficiency of calcium
75
Congenital hypothyroidism
Condition caused by absence or atrophy of the thyroid gland present at birth characterized by mental deficiency and dwarfism (formerly known as cretinism_
76
Cushing syndrome
Disease caused by excessive cortisol production by the adrenal glands characterized by fat pads in the chest and abdomen, moon-shaped face, + and skin pigmentation
77
Diabetes insipidus (DI)
Disorder caused by deficiency of antidiuretic hormone production by the pituitary gland, resulting in excessive urination and excessive thirst
78
Diabetes mellitus (DM)
Disorder caused by deficiency of insulin and/or insulin resistance causing poor carbohydrate metabolism and high blood glucose levels
79
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Diabetes caused by a total lack of insulin production; usually develops in childhood, + patients require insulin replacement therapy to control the disorder
80
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Diabetes caused by either a lack of insulin or the body's inability to use insulin effectively; usually develops in middle-aged/older adults, and patients usually do not require insulin replacement therapy to control the disorder
81
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Excessive ketones in blood due to breakdown of stored fats for energy; complication of diabetes mellitus; if left untreated, can lead to coma and death
82
Endocrinopathy
Disease of an endocrine gland
83
Exophthalmos
Protruding or bulging eyes
84
Gigantism
Condition of excessive body growth caused by overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland
85
Glucosuria, glycosuria
Glucose in the urine
86
Goiter
Enlargement of the thyroid gland
87
Graves disease
Condition of excessive secretion of thyroid hormone causing goiter and exophthalmos
88
Hashimoto thyroiditis, syn. Hashimoto disease
Autoimmune disease causing chronic thyroiditis
89
Hirsutism
Excessive hair growth or hair growth in unusual places (ex: beard growth on woman)
90
Hypercalcemia
High levels of calcium in the blood
91
Hyperglycemia
High levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood
92
Hyperkalemia
High levels of potassium in the blood
93
Hypernatremia
High levels of sodium in the blood
94
Hyperparathyroidism
Excessive hormone production by the parathyroid glands
95
Hyperthyroidism
Excessive hormone production by the thyroid gland
96
Hypocalcemia
Low levels of calcium in the blood
97
Hypoglycemia
Low levels of glucose or sugar in the blood
98
Hypokalemia
Low levels of potassium in the blood
99
Hyponatremia
Low levels of sodium in blood
100
Hypoparathyroidism
Deficient hormone production by the parathyroid glands
101
Hypothyroidism
Deficient hormone production by the thyroid gland
102
Ketosis
Excessive ketones in the blood
103
Myxedema
Severe hypothyroidism in an adult characterized by pale dry skin, brittle hair, + sluggishness
104
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
105
Polydipsia
Excessive thirst
106
Polyuria
Excessive + frequent urination
107
Tetany
Spasms of nerves and muscles due to low levels of calcium in the blood caused by deficient production of parathyroid hormone
108
Thyroiditis
Inflammation of the thyroid gland
109
Thyromegaly
Enlargement of the thyroid gland
110
Thyrotoxicosis
Condition of excessively high levels of thyroid hormone (either endogenous or exogenous)
111
Blood glucose, syn. blood sugar
Test to measure the amount of glucose in the blood
112
Electrolyte panel
Blood test to measure the amount of sodium, potassium, chloride, + carbon dioxide in the blood
113
Fasting blood glucose (FBG)
Blood test that measures the amount of glucose in the blood after fasting for at least 8 hours
114
Glucometer
Device for measuring blood glucose levels from a drop of blood obtained by a fingerstick
115
Glucose tolerance test (GTT)
Blood test that measures the amount of glucose in the blood after administering of a dose of glucose to the patient; used to gauge the body's ability to metabolize glucose
116
Glycosylated hemoglobin
Blood test that indicates the amount of glucose in the blood over the previous few months; used to indicate how well diabetes mellitus is being controlled
117
Thyroid function tests
Blood tests that measure thyroid hormone levels in blood
118
Thyroid-stimulating hormone level
Blood test that measures the amount of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood; used to diagnose hyperthyroidism or to monitor thyroid replacement therapy
119
Thyroxine level
Blood test measuring the amount of thyroxine in the blood to diagnose hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism
120
Radioactive iodine uptake test (RAIU), syn. uptake test
Test of thyroid function by measuring the uptake of iodine by the thyroid
121
Thyroid scan
Scan of the thyroid gland using a radioactive substance, ultrasound, or computed tomography to show the size, shape, + position of the thyroid gland
122
Adenectomy
Excision of a gland
123
Adrenalectomy
Excision of an adrenal gland
124
Pancreatectomy
Excision of the pancreas
125
Parathyroidectomy
Excision of a parathyroid gland
126
Thymectomy
Excision of the thymus gland
127
Thyroidectomy
Excision of the thyroid gland
128
Thyroidotomy
Incision into a thyroid gland
129
Thyroparathyroidectomy
Excision of the thyroid + parathyroid glands
130
Antidiabetic
Drug used to treat diabetes mellitus by lowering glucose levels in blood
131
Antithyroid
Drug used to treat overproduction of thyroid hormone
132
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), syn. insulin pump
Infusion of insulin to subcutaneous tissues by a device worn on the body
133
Insulin therapy
Method used to treat diabetes mellitus by replacing natural insulin
134
Hormone replacement therapy
Method used to replace a hormone normally produced by the body
135
Endocrinology
Medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the endocrine system
136
Endocrinologist
Physician who specializes in endocrinology
137
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
138
ADH
Antidiuretic hormone
139
CSII
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
140
DI
Diabetes insipidus
141
DKA
Diabetic ketoacidosis
142
DM
Diabetes mellitus
143
FBG
Fasting blood glucose
144
FSH
Follicle-stimulating hormone
145
GH
Growth hormone
146
GTT
Glucose tolerance testing
147
LH
Luteinizing hormone
148
PTH
Parathyroid hormone
149
RAIU
Radioactive iodine uptake
150
T3
Triiodothyronine
151
T4
Thyroxine
152
TSH
Thyroid-stimulating hormone

HOSA MedTerm (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions