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HOSA MedTerm > Chapter 15- Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 15- Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenal glands. syn. suprarenal glands

A

Pair of glands located on top of the kidneys that secrete hormones that aid in metabolism, electrolyte balance, _ stress reactions; each gland consists of an outer portion (adrenal cortex) and an inner portion (adrenal medulla)

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2
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Part of the brain located near the pituitary gland that controls the release of hormones by the pituitary gland

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3
Q

Islets of Langerhans

A

Endocrine cells inside the pancreas that secrete hormones that aid carbohydrate and glucose metabolism

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4
Q

Ovaries

A

Female reproductive glands attached to the uterus that produce hormones and release eggs

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5
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

4 small glands located behind the thyroid that regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the bloodstream and bones

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6
Q

Pineal gland, syn. pineal body

A

Small, cone-shaped gland located in the brain that secretes melatonin, which affects sleep-wame cycles + reproduction

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7
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain that secretes hormones that stimulate the function of other endocrine glands; also known as the “master gland”; divided into anterior and posterior lobes

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8
Q

Testes, syn. testicles

A

Male reproductive glands located in the scrotum, which produce sperm and testosterone

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9
Q

Thymus gland

A

Gland in the mediastinum that secretes a hormone that regulates the immune system

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10
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Gland located below the larynx that secretes a hormone that is needed for cell metabolism and energy; the largest endocrine gland; has 2 lobes connected by a tissue called the isthmus

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11
Q

Pituitary gland (anterior lobe)- adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Stimulates the adrenal cortex

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12
Q

Pituitary gland (anterior lobe)- follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Regulates the ovaries and testicles; stimulates secretion of estrogen in females and sperm production in males

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13
Q

Pituitary gland (anterior lobe)- growth hormone (GH)

A

Regulates body growth

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14
Q

Pituitary gland (anterior lobe)- luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

Stimulates secretion of progesterone in females and testosterone in males

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15
Q

Pituitary gland (anterior lobe)- prolactin

A

Stimulates milk production

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16
Q

Pituitary gland (anterior lobe)- thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

Stimulates the thyroid gland

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17
Q

Pituitary gland (posterior lobe)- antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

Stimulates water absorption by the kidneys

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18
Q

Pituitary gland (posterior lobe)- oxytocin

A

Stimulates uterine contractions

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19
Q

Pineal gland- melatonin

A

Affects sleep-wake cycles + reproduction

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20
Q

Thyroid gland- thyroxine (T4)

A

Regulates metabolism

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21
Q

Thyroid gland- triiodothyronine (T3)

A

Regulates metabolism

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22
Q

Parathyroid glands- parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

Regulates calcium + phosphorus levels in blood and bones

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23
Q

Islets of Langerhans- insulin

A

Regulates blood glucose levels

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24
Q

Thymus gland- thymosin

A

Regulates immune responses

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25
Q

Adrenal cortex- aldosterone

A

Regulates electrolyte levels

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26
Q

Adrenal cortex- cortisol

A

Aids in metabolism and aids the body during stress

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27
Q

Adrenal medulla- epinephrine + norepinephrine

A

Aid body during stress by raising heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration

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28
Q

Ovaries- estrogen + progesterone

A

Affect development of female sexual organs and secondary sexual characteristics; regulate menstrual cycle and pregnancy

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29
Q

Testes- testosterone

A

Affects development of sexual organs in males and secondary sexual characteristics

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30
Q

Acr/o

A

Extremity, tip

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31
Q

Aden/o

A

Gland

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32
Q

Adren/o, adrenal/o

A

Adrenal glands

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33
Q

Calc/i

A

Calcium

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34
Q

Cortic/o

A

Cortex

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35
Q

Crin/o

A

To secrete

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36
Q

Dips/o

A

Thirst

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37
Q

Endocrin/o

A

Endocrine

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38
Q

Gluc/o, glucos/o, glyco/o, glycos/o

A

Glucose, sugar

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39
Q

Hormon/o

A

Hormone

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40
Q

Kal/i

A

Potassium

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41
Q

Natr/i

A

Sodium

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42
Q

Pancreat/o

A

Pancreas

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43
Q

Parathyroid/o

A

Parathydroid glands

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44
Q

Thym/o

A

Thymus gland

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45
Q

Thyr/o, thyroid/o

A

Thyroid gland

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46
Q

Eu-

A

Good, normal

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47
Q

Hyper-

A

Above, excessive

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48
Q

Hypo-

A

Below, deficient

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49
Q

Poly-

A

Many, much

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50
Q

-Al, -ic

A

Pertaining to

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51
Q

-Emia

A

Blood (condition of)

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52
Q

-Ism

A

Condition of

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53
Q

-Megaly

A

Enlargement

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54
Q

-Oid

A

Resembling

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55
Q

-Osis

A

Abnormal condition

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56
Q

-Penia

A

Deficiency

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57
Q

-Uria

A

Urine, urination

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58
Q

Cortical

A

Pertaining to the cortex

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59
Q

Endogenous

A

Produced inside the body

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60
Q

Euthyroid

A

Normal thyroid

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61
Q

Exogenous

A

Produced outside of the body

62
Q

Metabolism

A

All physical + chemical changes that occur in tissue

63
Q

Pancreatic

A

Pertaining to the pancreas

64
Q

Thymic

A

Pertaining the thymus gland

65
Q

Acidosis

A

Abnormal accumulation of acidic waste products in the blood

66
Q

Acromegaly

A

Enlargement of the extremities caused by excessive production of growth hormone

67
Q

Addison disease

A

Disease caused by deficiency of cortisol production by the adrenal glands; characterized by darkening of the skin, weakness, and loss of appetite

68
Q

Adenalgia

A

Pain in a gland

69
Q

Adenitis

A

Inflammation of a gland

70
Q

Adenomegaly

A

Enlargement of a gland

71
Q

Adrenalitis

A

Inflammation of the adrenal gland

72
Q

Adrenomegaly

A

Enlargement of an adrenal gland

73
Q

Adrenopathy

A

Disease of the adrenal gland

74
Q

Calcipenia

A

Deficiency of calcium

75
Q

Congenital hypothyroidism

A

Condition caused by absence or atrophy of the thyroid gland present at birth characterized by mental deficiency and dwarfism (formerly known as cretinism_

76
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Disease caused by excessive cortisol production by the adrenal glands characterized by fat pads in the chest and abdomen, moon-shaped face, + and skin pigmentation

77
Q

Diabetes insipidus (DI)

A

Disorder caused by deficiency of antidiuretic hormone production by the pituitary gland, resulting in excessive urination and excessive thirst

78
Q

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

A

Disorder caused by deficiency of insulin and/or insulin resistance causing poor carbohydrate metabolism and high blood glucose levels

79
Q

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

A

Diabetes caused by a total lack of insulin production; usually develops in childhood, + patients require insulin replacement therapy to control the disorder

80
Q

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

A

Diabetes caused by either a lack of insulin or the body’s inability to use insulin effectively; usually develops in middle-aged/older adults, and patients usually do not require insulin replacement therapy to control the disorder

81
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

A

Excessive ketones in blood due to breakdown of stored fats for energy; complication of diabetes mellitus; if left untreated, can lead to coma and death

82
Q

Endocrinopathy

A

Disease of an endocrine gland

83
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Protruding or bulging eyes

84
Q

Gigantism

A

Condition of excessive body growth caused by overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland

85
Q

Glucosuria, glycosuria

A

Glucose in the urine

86
Q

Goiter

A

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

87
Q

Graves disease

A

Condition of excessive secretion of thyroid hormone causing goiter and exophthalmos

88
Q

Hashimoto thyroiditis, syn. Hashimoto disease

A

Autoimmune disease causing chronic thyroiditis

89
Q

Hirsutism

A

Excessive hair growth or hair growth in unusual places (ex: beard growth on woman)

90
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

High levels of calcium in the blood

91
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

High levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood

92
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

High levels of potassium in the blood

93
Q

Hypernatremia

A

High levels of sodium in the blood

94
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

Excessive hormone production by the parathyroid glands

95
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Excessive hormone production by the thyroid gland

96
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Low levels of calcium in the blood

97
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low levels of glucose or sugar in the blood

98
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Low levels of potassium in the blood

99
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Low levels of sodium in blood

100
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Deficient hormone production by the parathyroid glands

101
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Deficient hormone production by the thyroid gland

102
Q

Ketosis

A

Excessive ketones in the blood

103
Q

Myxedema

A

Severe hypothyroidism in an adult characterized by pale dry skin, brittle hair, + sluggishness

104
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

105
Q

Polydipsia

A

Excessive thirst

106
Q

Polyuria

A

Excessive + frequent urination

107
Q

Tetany

A

Spasms of nerves and muscles due to low levels of calcium in the blood caused by deficient production of parathyroid hormone

108
Q

Thyroiditis

A

Inflammation of the thyroid gland

109
Q

Thyromegaly

A

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

110
Q

Thyrotoxicosis

A

Condition of excessively high levels of thyroid hormone (either endogenous or exogenous)

111
Q

Blood glucose, syn. blood sugar

A

Test to measure the amount of glucose in the blood

112
Q

Electrolyte panel

A

Blood test to measure the amount of sodium, potassium, chloride, + carbon dioxide in the blood

113
Q

Fasting blood glucose (FBG)

A

Blood test that measures the amount of glucose in the blood after fasting for at least 8 hours

114
Q

Glucometer

A

Device for measuring blood glucose levels from a drop of blood obtained by a fingerstick

115
Q

Glucose tolerance test (GTT)

A

Blood test that measures the amount of glucose in the blood after administering of a dose of glucose to the patient; used to gauge the body’s ability to metabolize glucose

116
Q

Glycosylated hemoglobin

A

Blood test that indicates the amount of glucose in the blood over the previous few months; used to indicate how well diabetes mellitus is being controlled

117
Q

Thyroid function tests

A

Blood tests that measure thyroid hormone levels in blood

118
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone level

A

Blood test that measures the amount of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood; used to diagnose hyperthyroidism or to monitor thyroid replacement therapy

119
Q

Thyroxine level

A

Blood test measuring the amount of thyroxine in the blood to diagnose hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism

120
Q

Radioactive iodine uptake test (RAIU), syn. uptake test

A

Test of thyroid function by measuring the uptake of iodine by the thyroid

121
Q

Thyroid scan

A

Scan of the thyroid gland using a radioactive substance, ultrasound, or computed tomography to show the size, shape, + position of the thyroid gland

122
Q

Adenectomy

A

Excision of a gland

123
Q

Adrenalectomy

A

Excision of an adrenal gland

124
Q

Pancreatectomy

A

Excision of the pancreas

125
Q

Parathyroidectomy

A

Excision of a parathyroid gland

126
Q

Thymectomy

A

Excision of the thymus gland

127
Q

Thyroidectomy

A

Excision of the thyroid gland

128
Q

Thyroidotomy

A

Incision into a thyroid gland

129
Q

Thyroparathyroidectomy

A

Excision of the thyroid + parathyroid glands

130
Q

Antidiabetic

A

Drug used to treat diabetes mellitus by lowering glucose levels in blood

131
Q

Antithyroid

A

Drug used to treat overproduction of thyroid hormone

132
Q

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), syn. insulin pump

A

Infusion of insulin to subcutaneous tissues by a device worn on the body

133
Q

Insulin therapy

A

Method used to treat diabetes mellitus by replacing natural insulin

134
Q

Hormone replacement therapy

A

Method used to replace a hormone normally produced by the body

135
Q

Endocrinology

A

Medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the endocrine system

136
Q

Endocrinologist

A

Physician who specializes in endocrinology

137
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

138
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone

139
Q

CSII

A

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

140
Q

DI

A

Diabetes insipidus

141
Q

DKA

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis

142
Q

DM

A

Diabetes mellitus

143
Q

FBG

A

Fasting blood glucose

144
Q

FSH

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

145
Q

GH

A

Growth hormone

146
Q

GTT

A

Glucose tolerance testing

147
Q

LH

A

Luteinizing hormone

148
Q

PTH

A

Parathyroid hormone

149
Q

RAIU

A

Radioactive iodine uptake

150
Q

T3

A

Triiodothyronine

151
Q

T4

A

Thyroxine

152
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

HOSA MedTerm (17 decks)

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