Chapter 5- Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
Mouth, syn. oral cavity
A
Opening where food enters the body and undergoes the first process of digestion
2
Q
Palate
A
The roof of the mouth; separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity
3
Q
Uvula
A
Small piece of tissue that hangs in the posterior portion of the oral cavity
4
Q
Tongue
A
Muscular organ at the floor of the mouth; assists in swallowing and speaking
5
Q
Teeth
A
Structures that provide the hard surfaces needed for mastication
6
Q
Salivary glands
A
Saliva-secreting glands in the oral cavity; include the parotid, sublingual, + submandibular glands
7
Q
Saliva
A
Clear, tasteless, odorless fluid that helps to lubricate food in the mouth
8
Q
Pharynx, syn. throat
A
Space behind mouth that serves as a passage for food from the mouth to the esophagus and for air from the nose and mouth to the larynx
9
Q
Esophagus
A
Muscular tube that moves food from pharynx to the stomach
10
Q
Stomach
A
Saclike organ in which the chemical part of digestion begins
11
Q
Cardia
A
Area where esophagus connects to stomach
12
Q
Fundus
A
Superior domed portion of the stomach
13
Q
Body
A
Largest part of stomach, between the fundus and pylorus
14
Q
Pylorus
A
Lower part of the stomach connecting to the small intestine
15
Q
Rugae
A
Folds in the stomach lining that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients
16
Q
Small intestine
A
Long, hollow tube where most absorption of nutrients occurs
17
Q
Duodenum
A
First section of small intestine
18
Q
Jejunum
A
Middle section of small intestine
19
Q
Ileum
A
Terminal part of small intestine connecting to the large intestine
20
Q
Large intestine
A
Large tube where water is reabsorbed and solid waste products are produced
21
Q
Cecum
A
First portion of the large intestine
22
Q
Appendix, syn. vermiform appendix
A
Fingerlike projection off the cecum of the large intestine
23
Q
Antacid
A
Drug used to reduce stomach acid
24
Q
Antidiarrheal
A
Drug used to stop/prevent diarrhea
25
Antiemetic
Drug used to prevent nausea/vomiting
26
Emetic
Drug used to induce vomiting
27
Laxative, syn. cathartic
Drug used to promote the expulsion of feces
28
Abdominoperineal (A&P) resection
Surgical removal of the colon and rectum by both abdominal and perineal approaches; includes a colostomy and is performed to treat severe lower intestinal diseases including cancer
29
Abdominoplasty
Surgical repair of the abdominal area
30
Anastomosis
An operative union of two hollow or tubular structures
31
Appendectomy
Removal of the appendix
32
Bariatric surgery
Any operation performed for the management of obesity
33
Gastric bypass
Type of bariatric surgery that involves stomach stapling to bypass a large area of the stomach and anastomosis of its upper part to the small intestine
34
Choleithotripsy
Crushing of gallstones
35
Colostomy
Artificial opening into the colon
36
Cholecystectomy
Removal of the gallbladder
37
Anorexia nervosa
Eating disorder characterized by an extreme fear of becoming obese and by an aversion to eating
38
Ascites
Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal/peritoneal cavity
39
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder
40
Cholelithiasis
Condition involving the presence of stones in the gallbladder
41
Cirrhosis
Chronic liver disease characterized by gradual failure of liver cells and loss of blood flow in liver
42
Constipation
Decreased number of bowel movements often associated with hard stools
43
Crohn disease, syn. regional enteritis
Chronic enteritis of unknown cause characterized by deep ulcers and thickening of the intestine
44
Diarrhea
Abnormally frequent discharge of semi-solid or liquid feces
45
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of a diverticulum
46
Diverticulum
An abnormal pouch on the wall of a hollow organ that protrudes outward
47
Dysentery
Disease marked by frequent watery stools containing blood and mucus
48
Gastric ulcer
Ulcer in stomach
49
Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of stomach and intestines
50
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus
51
Hemorrhoids
Varicose veins in the anal region; may be internal or external
52
Hepatomegaly
Enlargement of liver
53
Hiatal hernia
Protrusion of part of stomach through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm
54
Ileus
An obstruction of the intestine
55
Incontinence
Inability to prevent the discharge of feces or urine
56
Intussusception
Sliding (enfolding) of one section of the intestine into an adjacent section; much like the parts of a collapsible telescope
57
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), syn. spastic colon
Painful intestinal disease characterized by alternating constipation with diarrhea
58
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
59
Peptic ulcer, syn. peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
Ulcer of stomach or duodenum caused by gastric acid
60
Peritonitis
Inflammation of peritoneal cavity
61
Polyp
Section of tissue that grows abnormally and protrudes from a surface
62
Polyposis
Condition of polyps
63
Pruritus ani
Itching around the opening of the anus
64
Ulcerative colitis
Painful condition in which ulcers form in the colon and rectum
65
Volvulus
Twisting of the intestine that can cause obstruction
66
Colon
Portion of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum
67
Ascending colon
Portion of large intestine that lies on the right side arising from the cecum and joins the transverse colon
68
Transverse colon
Area of large intestine between the ascending colon and descending colon
69
Descending colon
Section of the large intestine that follows the transverse colon
70
Sigmoid colon
Terminal portion of the large intestine that joins with the rectum
71
Rectum
Extension of the large intestine that is a pouch that holds solid waste material before elimination from the body
72
Anus
Exit from the large intestine to the outside of the body
73
Liver
Large organ that produces and secretes bile into the gallbladder
74
Bile
Fluid that is secreted by the liver into the duodenum and aids in digestion
75
Gallbladder
Organ located behind the liver that stores bile and sends it to the duodenum
76
Pancreas
Organ that secretes pancreatic juices into the small intestine that assist in digestion
77
Aliment/o
Nutrition
78
An/o
Anus
79
Appendic/o
Appendix
80
Bil/o
Bile
81
Bucc/o
Cheek
82
Cec/o
Cecum
83
Chol/e
Gall, bile
84
Cholecyst/o
Gallbladder
85
Col/o, colon/o
Colon
86
Duoden/o
Duodenum
87
Enter/o
Small intestine
88
Esophag/o
Esophagus
89
Diverticul/o
Diverticulum
90
Gastr/o
Stomach
91
Hemat/o, hem/o
Blood
92
Hepat/o
Liver
93
Herni/o
Hernia
94
Ile/o
Ileum
95
Polyp/o
Polyp
96
Jejun/o
Jejunum
97
Labi/o, cheil/o
Lip
98
Lapar/o, abdomin/o
Abdomen
99
Lingu/o
Tongue
100
Lith/o
Stone, calculus
101
Odont/o, dent/o
Tooth
102
Or/o, stomat/o
Mouth
103
Palat/o
Palate
104
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
105
Peps/o
Digestion
106
Phag/o
Eat, swallow
107
Pharyng/o
Pharynx
108
Proct/o
Rectum and anus
109
Pylor/o
Pylorus
110
Rect/o
Rectum
111
Sial/o
Saliva
112
Sigmoid/o
Sigmoid colon
113
Endo-
In, within
114
Hyper-
Above, excessive
115
Peri-
Around, surrounding
116
Post-
After, behind
117
Retro-
Backward, behind
118
-Algia, -dynia
Pain
119
-Ase
Enzyme
120
-Cele
Herniation, protrusion
121
-Centesis
Puncture to aspirate
122
-Emesis
Vomiting
123
-Gen
Origin, production
124
-Gram
Record, recording
125
-Graphy
Process of recording
126
-Iasis
Condition of
127
-Logist
One who specializes in
128
-Logy
Study of
129
-Malacia
Softening
130
-Megaly
Enlargement
131
-Prandial
Meal
132
-Ptosis
Prolapse, drooping, sagging
133
-Rrhaphy
Suture
134
-Scope
Instrument for examination
135
-Scopy
Process of examining
136
-Stenosis
Stricture, narrowing
137
-Stomy
Surgical opening
138
-Tomy
Incision
139
-Tripsy
Crushing
140
Gastroenterology
Medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract
141
Gastroenterologist
Physician who specializes in gastroenterology
142
Proctology
Medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the anus and rectum
143
Proctologist
Physician who specializes in proctology
144
A&P resection
Abdominoperineal resection
145
BE
Barium enema
146
BM
Bowel movement
147
EGD
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
148
GERD
hGastroesophageal reflux disease
149
GI
Gastrointestinal
150
IBS
Irritable bowel syndrome
151
NG
Nasogastric
152
PUD
Peptic ulcer disease
153
TPN
Total parenteral nutrition
154
UGI
Upper gastrointestinal
155
Anorexia
Decreased appetite
156
Bolus
Moistened bit of food ready for deglutition (swallowing)
157
Chyme
Partially digested food that passes into the duodenum
158
Defecation, syn. bowel movement (BM)
Passage of solid waste products through the rectum and anus
159
Deglutition
The act of swallowing
160
Digestion
The process of converting food into usable energy and waste products
161
Eructation
The voiding of a gas or acid fluid from the stomach through the mouth; commonly called a burp or belch
162
Feces
Solid waste products
163
Flatus
Gas that passes through the anus
164
Halitosis
Bad breath
165
Hematochezia
Passage of bloody stools
166
Inguinal
Relating to the groin
167
Mastication
Chewing
168
Melena
Black, tarry stools due to the presence of occult blood
169
Nausea
Urge to vomit
170
Occult blood
Blood in the feces in amounts that are too small to be seen by the naked eye
171
Peristalsis
Wavelike motion that moves substances through an open lumen such as the intestines
172
Vomit, syn. regurgitate
To eject matter from the stomach through the mouth
173
Gastrectomy
Removal of the stomach
174
Gastric lavage
Insertion of a tube from the mouth into the stomach to wash and suction out its contents for examination and treatment; usually done to remove blood clots or monitor bleeding
175
Gastric resection
Removal of a section of the stomach
176
Gavage
Process of feeding a patient through a nasogastric intubation
177
Glossorrhaphy
Suturing of the tongue
178
Herniorrhaphy
Suturing of a hernia
179
Ileostomy
Artificial opening into the ileum of a small intestine
180
Laparotomy
Incision into the abdominal area
181
Nasogastric (NG) intubation
Insertion of a tube from the nose into the stomach for feeding or suctioning stomach contents
182
Palatoplasty
Surgical repair of roof of mouth
183
Polypectomy
Surgical removal of polyps
184
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
Feeding maintained entirely by intravenous (IV) injection or other nongastrointestinal route
185
Hemoccult test
Screening test used to determine the presence of hidden blood in feces
186
Stool culture
Microscopic examination of feces for identification of possible pathogens
187
Abdominal ultrasound
Use of sound waves to view digestive system organs/structures
188
Abdominocentesis, syn. paracentesis
Puncture into abdomen to obtain fluid for culture or to relieve pressure
189
Barium enema (BE)
Use of contrast medium to view lower gastrointestinal tract
190
Cholecytogram
X-ray record of gallbladder
191
Colonoscopy
Process of examining the colon using an endoscope
192
Endoscopy
Use of an endoscope to examine the inside of organs
193
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
Process of examining the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, usually using a fiberoptic endoscope
194
Flexible sigmoidoscopy
Examination using a fiberoptic endoscope to visualize the sigmoid colon and the descending colon
195
Laparoscopy
Process of examining abdominal area with a type of endoscope called a laparoscope
196
Proctoscopy
Process of examining rectal and anal area with an endoscope
197
Upper gastrointestinal series (UGI), syn. barium swallow
Viewing of stomach and duodenum with use of contrast medium
