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HOSA MedTerm > Chapter 5- Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 5- Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Mouth, syn. oral cavity

A

Opening where food enters the body and undergoes the first process of digestion

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2
Q

Palate

A

The roof of the mouth; separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

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3
Q

Uvula

A

Small piece of tissue that hangs in the posterior portion of the oral cavity

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4
Q

Tongue

A

Muscular organ at the floor of the mouth; assists in swallowing and speaking

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5
Q

Teeth

A

Structures that provide the hard surfaces needed for mastication

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6
Q

Salivary glands

A

Saliva-secreting glands in the oral cavity; include the parotid, sublingual, + submandibular glands

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7
Q

Saliva

A

Clear, tasteless, odorless fluid that helps to lubricate food in the mouth

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8
Q

Pharynx, syn. throat

A

Space behind mouth that serves as a passage for food from the mouth to the esophagus and for air from the nose and mouth to the larynx

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9
Q

Esophagus

A

Muscular tube that moves food from pharynx to the stomach

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10
Q

Stomach

A

Saclike organ in which the chemical part of digestion begins

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11
Q

Cardia

A

Area where esophagus connects to stomach

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12
Q

Fundus

A

Superior domed portion of the stomach

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13
Q

Body

A

Largest part of stomach, between the fundus and pylorus

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14
Q

Pylorus

A

Lower part of the stomach connecting to the small intestine

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15
Q

Rugae

A

Folds in the stomach lining that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients

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16
Q

Small intestine

A

Long, hollow tube where most absorption of nutrients occurs

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17
Q

Duodenum

A

First section of small intestine

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18
Q

Jejunum

A

Middle section of small intestine

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19
Q

Ileum

A

Terminal part of small intestine connecting to the large intestine

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20
Q

Large intestine

A

Large tube where water is reabsorbed and solid waste products are produced

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21
Q

Cecum

A

First portion of the large intestine

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22
Q

Appendix, syn. vermiform appendix

A

Fingerlike projection off the cecum of the large intestine

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23
Q

Antacid

A

Drug used to reduce stomach acid

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24
Q

Antidiarrheal

A

Drug used to stop/prevent diarrhea

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25
Q

Antiemetic

A

Drug used to prevent nausea/vomiting

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26
Q

Emetic

A

Drug used to induce vomiting

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27
Q

Laxative, syn. cathartic

A

Drug used to promote the expulsion of feces

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28
Q

Abdominoperineal (A&P) resection

A

Surgical removal of the colon and rectum by both abdominal and perineal approaches; includes a colostomy and is performed to treat severe lower intestinal diseases including cancer

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29
Q

Abdominoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the abdominal area

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30
Q

Anastomosis

A

An operative union of two hollow or tubular structures

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31
Q

Appendectomy

A

Removal of the appendix

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32
Q

Bariatric surgery

A

Any operation performed for the management of obesity

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33
Q

Gastric bypass

A

Type of bariatric surgery that involves stomach stapling to bypass a large area of the stomach and anastomosis of its upper part to the small intestine

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34
Q

Choleithotripsy

A

Crushing of gallstones

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35
Q

Colostomy

A

Artificial opening into the colon

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36
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

Removal of the gallbladder

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37
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Eating disorder characterized by an extreme fear of becoming obese and by an aversion to eating

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38
Q

Ascites

A

Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal/peritoneal cavity

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39
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder

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40
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Condition involving the presence of stones in the gallbladder

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41
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Chronic liver disease characterized by gradual failure of liver cells and loss of blood flow in liver

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42
Q

Constipation

A

Decreased number of bowel movements often associated with hard stools

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43
Q

Crohn disease, syn. regional enteritis

A

Chronic enteritis of unknown cause characterized by deep ulcers and thickening of the intestine

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44
Q

Diarrhea

A

Abnormally frequent discharge of semi-solid or liquid feces

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45
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of a diverticulum

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46
Q

Diverticulum

A

An abnormal pouch on the wall of a hollow organ that protrudes outward

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47
Q

Dysentery

A

Disease marked by frequent watery stools containing blood and mucus

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48
Q

Gastric ulcer

A

Ulcer in stomach

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49
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of stomach and intestines

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50
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

Backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus

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51
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Varicose veins in the anal region; may be internal or external

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52
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

Enlargement of liver

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53
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

Protrusion of part of stomach through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm

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54
Q

Ileus

A

An obstruction of the intestine

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55
Q

Incontinence

A

Inability to prevent the discharge of feces or urine

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56
Q

Intussusception

A

Sliding (enfolding) of one section of the intestine into an adjacent section; much like the parts of a collapsible telescope

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57
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), syn. spastic colon

A

Painful intestinal disease characterized by alternating constipation with diarrhea

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58
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

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59
Q

Peptic ulcer, syn. peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

A

Ulcer of stomach or duodenum caused by gastric acid

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60
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of peritoneal cavity

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61
Q

Polyp

A

Section of tissue that grows abnormally and protrudes from a surface

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62
Q

Polyposis

A

Condition of polyps

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63
Q

Pruritus ani

A

Itching around the opening of the anus

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64
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Painful condition in which ulcers form in the colon and rectum

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65
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting of the intestine that can cause obstruction

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66
Q

Colon

A

Portion of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum

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67
Q

Ascending colon

A

Portion of large intestine that lies on the right side arising from the cecum and joins the transverse colon

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68
Q

Transverse colon

A

Area of large intestine between the ascending colon and descending colon

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69
Q

Descending colon

A

Section of the large intestine that follows the transverse colon

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70
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

Terminal portion of the large intestine that joins with the rectum

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71
Q

Rectum

A

Extension of the large intestine that is a pouch that holds solid waste material before elimination from the body

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72
Q

Anus

A

Exit from the large intestine to the outside of the body

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73
Q

Liver

A

Large organ that produces and secretes bile into the gallbladder

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74
Q

Bile

A

Fluid that is secreted by the liver into the duodenum and aids in digestion

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75
Q

Gallbladder

A

Organ located behind the liver that stores bile and sends it to the duodenum

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76
Q

Pancreas

A

Organ that secretes pancreatic juices into the small intestine that assist in digestion

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77
Q

Aliment/o

A

Nutrition

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78
Q

An/o

A

Anus

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79
Q

Appendic/o

A

Appendix

80
Q

Bil/o

A

Bile

81
Q

Bucc/o

A

Cheek

82
Q

Cec/o

A

Cecum

83
Q

Chol/e

A

Gall, bile

84
Q

Cholecyst/o

A

Gallbladder

85
Q

Col/o, colon/o

A

Colon

86
Q

Duoden/o

A

Duodenum

87
Q

Enter/o

A

Small intestine

88
Q

Esophag/o

A

Esophagus

89
Q

Diverticul/o

A

Diverticulum

90
Q

Gastr/o

A

Stomach

91
Q

Hemat/o, hem/o

A

Blood

92
Q

Hepat/o

A

Liver

93
Q

Herni/o

A

Hernia

94
Q

Ile/o

A

Ileum

95
Q

Polyp/o

A

Polyp

96
Q

Jejun/o

A

Jejunum

97
Q

Labi/o, cheil/o

A

Lip

98
Q

Lapar/o, abdomin/o

A

Abdomen

99
Q

Lingu/o

A

Tongue

100
Q

Lith/o

A

Stone, calculus

101
Q

Odont/o, dent/o

A

Tooth

102
Q

Or/o, stomat/o

A

Mouth

103
Q

Palat/o

A

Palate

104
Q

Pancreat/o

A

Pancreas

105
Q

Peps/o

A

Digestion

106
Q

Phag/o

A

Eat, swallow

107
Q

Pharyng/o

A

Pharynx

108
Q

Proct/o

A

Rectum and anus

109
Q

Pylor/o

A

Pylorus

110
Q

Rect/o

A

Rectum

111
Q

Sial/o

A

Saliva

112
Q

Sigmoid/o

A

Sigmoid colon

113
Q

Endo-

A

In, within

114
Q

Hyper-

A

Above, excessive

115
Q

Peri-

A

Around, surrounding

116
Q

Post-

A

After, behind

117
Q

Retro-

A

Backward, behind

118
Q

-Algia, -dynia

A

Pain

119
Q

-Ase

A

Enzyme

120
Q

-Cele

A

Herniation, protrusion

121
Q

-Centesis

A

Puncture to aspirate

122
Q

-Emesis

A

Vomiting

123
Q

-Gen

A

Origin, production

124
Q

-Gram

A

Record, recording

125
Q

-Graphy

A

Process of recording

126
Q

-Iasis

A

Condition of

127
Q

-Logist

A

One who specializes in

128
Q

-Logy

A

Study of

129
Q

-Malacia

A

Softening

130
Q

-Megaly

A

Enlargement

131
Q

-Prandial

A

Meal

132
Q

-Ptosis

A

Prolapse, drooping, sagging

133
Q

-Rrhaphy

A

Suture

134
Q

-Scope

A

Instrument for examination

135
Q

-Scopy

A

Process of examining

136
Q

-Stenosis

A

Stricture, narrowing

137
Q

-Stomy

A

Surgical opening

138
Q

-Tomy

A

Incision

139
Q

-Tripsy

A

Crushing

140
Q

Gastroenterology

A

Medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract

141
Q

Gastroenterologist

A

Physician who specializes in gastroenterology

142
Q

Proctology

A

Medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the anus and rectum

143
Q

Proctologist

A

Physician who specializes in proctology

144
Q

A&P resection

A

Abdominoperineal resection

145
Q

BE

A

Barium enema

146
Q

BM

A

Bowel movement

147
Q

EGD

A

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

148
Q

GERD

A

hGastroesophageal reflux disease

149
Q

GI

A

Gastrointestinal

150
Q

IBS

A

Irritable bowel syndrome

151
Q

NG

A

Nasogastric

152
Q

PUD

A

Peptic ulcer disease

153
Q

TPN

A

Total parenteral nutrition

154
Q

UGI

A

Upper gastrointestinal

155
Q

Anorexia

A

Decreased appetite

156
Q

Bolus

A

Moistened bit of food ready for deglutition (swallowing)

157
Q

Chyme

A

Partially digested food that passes into the duodenum

158
Q

Defecation, syn. bowel movement (BM)

A

Passage of solid waste products through the rectum and anus

159
Q

Deglutition

A

The act of swallowing

160
Q

Digestion

A

The process of converting food into usable energy and waste products

161
Q

Eructation

A

The voiding of a gas or acid fluid from the stomach through the mouth; commonly called a burp or belch

162
Q

Feces

A

Solid waste products

163
Q

Flatus

A

Gas that passes through the anus

164
Q

Halitosis

A

Bad breath

165
Q

Hematochezia

A

Passage of bloody stools

166
Q

Inguinal

A

Relating to the groin

167
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

168
Q

Melena

A

Black, tarry stools due to the presence of occult blood

169
Q

Nausea

A

Urge to vomit

170
Q

Occult blood

A

Blood in the feces in amounts that are too small to be seen by the naked eye

171
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wavelike motion that moves substances through an open lumen such as the intestines

172
Q

Vomit, syn. regurgitate

A

To eject matter from the stomach through the mouth

173
Q

Gastrectomy

A

Removal of the stomach

174
Q

Gastric lavage

A

Insertion of a tube from the mouth into the stomach to wash and suction out its contents for examination and treatment; usually done to remove blood clots or monitor bleeding

175
Q

Gastric resection

A

Removal of a section of the stomach

176
Q

Gavage

A

Process of feeding a patient through a nasogastric intubation

177
Q

Glossorrhaphy

A

Suturing of the tongue

178
Q

Herniorrhaphy

A

Suturing of a hernia

179
Q

Ileostomy

A

Artificial opening into the ileum of a small intestine

180
Q

Laparotomy

A

Incision into the abdominal area

181
Q

Nasogastric (NG) intubation

A

Insertion of a tube from the nose into the stomach for feeding or suctioning stomach contents

182
Q

Palatoplasty

A

Surgical repair of roof of mouth

183
Q

Polypectomy

A

Surgical removal of polyps

184
Q

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

A

Feeding maintained entirely by intravenous (IV) injection or other nongastrointestinal route

185
Q

Hemoccult test

A

Screening test used to determine the presence of hidden blood in feces

186
Q

Stool culture

A

Microscopic examination of feces for identification of possible pathogens

187
Q

Abdominal ultrasound

A

Use of sound waves to view digestive system organs/structures

188
Q

Abdominocentesis, syn. paracentesis

A

Puncture into abdomen to obtain fluid for culture or to relieve pressure

189
Q

Barium enema (BE)

A

Use of contrast medium to view lower gastrointestinal tract

190
Q

Cholecytogram

A

X-ray record of gallbladder

191
Q

Colonoscopy

A

Process of examining the colon using an endoscope

192
Q

Endoscopy

A

Use of an endoscope to examine the inside of organs

193
Q

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

A

Process of examining the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, usually using a fiberoptic endoscope

194
Q

Flexible sigmoidoscopy

A

Examination using a fiberoptic endoscope to visualize the sigmoid colon and the descending colon

195
Q

Laparoscopy

A

Process of examining abdominal area with a type of endoscope called a laparoscope

196
Q

Proctoscopy

A

Process of examining rectal and anal area with an endoscope

197
Q

Upper gastrointestinal series (UGI), syn. barium swallow

A

Viewing of stomach and duodenum with use of contrast medium

HOSA MedTerm (17 decks)

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