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HOSA MedTerm > Chapter 8- Blood and Immune System > Flashcards

Chapter 8- Blood and Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Blood

A

Fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries, + veins, transporting oxygen and nutritive materials to the tissues

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2
Q

Formed elements

A

Blood cells

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3
Q

Plasma

A

Liquid portion of blood that carries formed elements, clotting factors, minerals, + proteins

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4
Q

Chrom/o, chromat/o

A

Color

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5
Q

Cyt/o

A

Cell

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6
Q

Erythr/o

A

Red

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7
Q

Granul/o

A

Granules

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8
Q

Anemia

A

Condition in which the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or volume of packed cells is lower than normal

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9
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

Disorder in which bone marrow does not produce enough RBCs

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10
Q

Iron deficiency anemia

A

Disorder in which hemoglobin is unable to transport oxygen due to a lack of iron

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11
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

Disorder in which the number of red blood cells decline with simultaneous enlargement of individual cells (i.e., macrocytes) due to an inability to absorb vitamin B-12; usually in older adults

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12
Q

Hemorrhagic anemia, syn. blood loss anemia

A

Disorder involving lack of red blood cells due to profuse blood loss

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13
Q

Thalassemia

A

Disorder caused by a genetic defect resulting in low hemoglobin production

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14
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Disorder caused by a genetic defect resulting in abnormal hemoglobin causing sickle-shaped red blood cells, which have difficulty moving through small capillary vessels

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15
Q

Autoimmune disease

A

Condition in which the immune system attacks normal body tissues

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16
Q

Clotting disorder

A

Condition characterized by an inability of blood to coagulate

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17
Q

Hemophilia

A

Bleeding disorder due to a deficiency of a clotting factor

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18
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Disorder involving low levels of platelets in blood

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19
Q

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

A

Disorder marked by platelet destruction by macrophages resulting in bruising and bleeding from mucous membranes

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20
Q

Apheresis

A

Removal and replacement of a patient’s own blood or donor blood after specific components have been removed

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21
Q

Blood transfusion (BT)

A

Transfer of blood between compatible donor and recipient

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22
Q

Autologous blood

A

Blood donated for future use by same patient; usually presurgical

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23
Q

Homologous blood

A

Blood donated from same species for use by a compatible recipient

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24
Q

Blood component therapy

A

Transfusion of specific blood components such as packed red blood cells, plasma, or platelets

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25
Q

Allergology

A

Medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of allergy and sensitivity

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26
Q

Allergist

A

Physician who specializesin allergology

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27
Q

Hematology

A

Medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the blood and blood-forming organs

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28
Q

Hematologist

A

Physician who specializes in hematology

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29
Q

Immunology

A

Medical specialty concerned w/ immunity, allergy, + induced sensitivity

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30
Q

Immunologist

A

One who practices immunology

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31
Q

Rheumatology

A

Medical specialty concerned w/ diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic conditions and autoimmune diseases

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32
Q

Rheumatologist

A

A physician who specializes in rheumatology

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33
Q

Platelet count

A

of platelets present; used to diagnose bleeding disorders or bone marrow disease

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34
Q

Red blood cell count (RBC)

A

Number of erythrocytes present; used to diagnose various disorders including anemia

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35
Q

Hem/o, hemat/o

A

Blood

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36
Q

Immun/o

A

Immune, safe

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37
Q

Leuk/o

A

White

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38
Q

Lymph/o

A

Lymph

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39
Q

Neutr/o

A

Neutral

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40
Q

Nucle/o

A

Nucleus

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41
Q

Path/o

A

Disease

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42
Q

Phag/o

A

Eat, swallow

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43
Q

Phleb/o

A

Vein

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44
Q

Plas/o

A

Formation, growth

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45
Q

Thromb/o

A

Blood clot

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46
Q

Auto-

A

Same, self

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47
Q

Basi-, baso-

A

Base

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48
Q

Macro-

A

Large, long

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49
Q

Micro-

A

Small

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50
Q

Mono-

A

One

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51
Q

Pro-

A

Before, promoting

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52
Q

Poly-

A

Many, much

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53
Q

-Cyte

A

Cell

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54
Q

-Emia

A

Blood (condition of)

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55
Q

-Sis

A

Condition, process

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56
Q

-Gen

A

Origin, production

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57
Q

-Lysis

A

Destruction, breakdown, separation

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58
Q

-Osis

A

Abnormal condition

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59
Q

-Penia

A

Deficiency

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60
Q

-Philia

A

Attraction for

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61
Q

-Poiesis

A

Production, formation

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62
Q

-Rrhage

A

Flowing forth

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63
Q

-Y

A

Condition of

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64
Q

Autoimmunity

A

Pertaining to one’s immune system attacking its own tissues or cells

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65
Q

Cytopathic

A

Pertaining to a disease or disorder of a cell or cellular component

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66
Q

Hematopoietic

A

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells

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67
Q

Hemolytic

A

Pertaining to the rupture or destruction of RBCs

68
Q

Hemorrhagic

A

Pertaining to profuse or excessive bleeding

69
Q

Hemostasis

A

Stoppage or arrest of bleeding

70
Q

Hypersensitive

A

Condition of excessive response or an exaggerated sensitivity to a stimulus

71
Q

Inflammatory

A

Pertaining to the process of heat, redness, swelling, + pain in response to tissue injury

72
Q

Predisposition

A

Condition of being susceptible to disease

73
Q

Proliferative

A

Growing or increasing in number of similar cells

74
Q

Rejection

A

Immunologic response of incompatibility to a transplanted organ or tissue

75
Q

Systematic

A

Pertaining to the body as a whole

76
Q

Virulent

A

Denotes an extremely toxic pathogen

77
Q

Hemoglobin (HGB, Hb, Hgb)

A

Protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen; gives RBCs the characteristic color

78
Q

Iron (Fe)

A

Essential trace element necessary for hemoglobin to transport oxygen on red blood cells

79
Q

Macrocyte

A

Large red blood cell

80
Q

Rh factor

A

Protein substance present in the red blood cells of most people (85%) capable of inducing intense antigenic reactions

81
Q

Leukocyte, syn. white blood cell (WBC)

A

Largest blood cell; protects against pathogens, foreign substances, + cell debris

82
Q

Granulocyte

A

White blood cell with visible granules; three types of granulocytes that are named according to the type of dye each is attracted to

83
Q

Neutrophil

A

Type of granulocyte that fights against bacterial infections; stains a neutral pink

84
Q

Eosinophil

A

Type of granulocyte that functions in allergic reactions and against parasites; stains red

85
Q

Basophil

A

Type of granulocyte that releases histamine in allergic reactions and inflammatory responses; stains a dark blue with a basic dye

86
Q

Agranulocyte

A

White blood cell without clearly visible granules

87
Q

Fe

88
Q

HCT, Hct, ht

A

Hematocrit

89
Q

HGB, Hb, Hgb

A

Hemoglobin

90
Q

ITP

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

91
Q

PLT

A

Platelet or platelet count

92
Q

PT

A

Orithrombin time

93
Q

RA

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

94
Q

RBC

A

Red blood cell; red blood cell count

95
Q

SLE

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus

96
Q

vWD

A

von Willebrand disease

97
Q

WBC

A

White blood cell; white blood cell count

98
Q

Ag

99
Q

ANA

A

Antinuclear antibody test

100
Q

BMA

A

Bone marrow aspiration

101
Q

BMT

A

Bone marrow transplant

102
Q

BT

A

Blood transfusion

103
Q

CBC

A

Blood transfusion

104
Q

CBC

A

Complete blood count

105
Q

C&S

A

Culture and sensitivity

106
Q

ESV

A

Epstein-Barr virus

107
Q

EPO

A

Erythropoietin

108
Q

ESR

A

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

109
Q

Ab

110
Q

von Willebrand disease (vWD)

A

Bleeding disorder characterized by a tendency to bleed primarily from the mucous membranes due to a deficiency fo a clotting factor

111
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Excessive absorption and storage of dietary iron in body tissues causing dysfunction

112
Q

Mononucleosis

A

Increase of mononuclear leukocytes with symptoms of fever, enlarged cervical lymph nodes, + fatigue

113
Q

Lymphocyte

A

Type of agranulocyte that circulates in the lymphatic system and is active in immunity

114
Q

B lymphocyte, syn. B cell

A

White blood cell that, when in contact with a foreign antigen, produces antibodies to inactivate the antigen

115
Q

T lymphocyte, syn. T cell

A

White blood cell that matures in the thymus and specializes in creating an immune response

116
Q

Monocyte

A

Largest form of white blood cells

117
Q

Macrophage

A

Enlarged and matured monocytes active in phagocytosis

118
Q

Thrombocyte, syn. platelet (PLT)

A

Cell fragments in the blood that stick together forming a clot

119
Q

Clotting factors

A

Any of the various plasma components involved in the clotting process

120
Q

Coagulation

A

Clotting; changing from a liquid to a solid state

121
Q

Fibrin

A

Elastic fiber protein needed in clotting and produced by fibrinogen

122
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Plasma protein that is converted into solid threads called fibrin

123
Q

Antibody (Ab)

A

Soldier-like cell that protects the body and inactivates antigens; provides immunity against specific organisms

124
Q

Antigen

A

Agent or substance that provokes an immune response

125
Q

Histamine

A

Substance released by damaged cells that increase blood flow to the area, causing inflammatory process involving heat, redness, swelling, + pain

126
Q

Immunity

A

Protection against disease

127
Q

Pathogen

A

Any virus, microorganism, or other substance that causes disease

128
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Cellular process of eating and destroying substances, usually by the neutrophils and macrophages

129
Q

Pancytopenia

A

Deficiency in all types of blood cells

130
Q

Polycythermia

A

Increase of red blood cells

131
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

Autoimmune disease causing progressive destructive changes and inflammation in multiple joints, especially in the hands and feet

132
Q

Septicemia

A

Spread of microorganisms or toxins through circulating blood

133
Q

Sjogren syndrome

A

Chronic autoimmune disease in which a person’s white blood cells attack their moisture-producing glands

134
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

Inflammatory, autoimmune, connective tissue disease that can affect all organ systems

135
Q

Thrombosis

A

Abnormal presence of clotting within a blood vessel

136
Q

Albumin

A

Measurement of this protein level; used to diagnose liver or kidney problems, inflammation, malnutrition, or dehydration

137
Q

Bilirubin

A

Screen for liver disorders or anemia

138
Q

Blood smear

A

Evaluation of the appearance and number of blood cells and the different types of white blood cells

139
Q

Complete blood count (CBC), syn. hemogram

A

Automated count of all blood cells

140
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

A

Tume measurement of red blood cells settling in a test tube over 1 hour; used to diagnose inflammation and anemias

141
Q

Hematocrit (HCT, Hct)

A

Volume of blood occupied by red blood cells; used to diagnose various disorders including anemia

142
Q

Hemoglobin (HGB, Hgb, Hb) test

A

Test for the red blood cell protein responsible for binding oxygen used to diagnose various disorders including anemia

143
Q

Splenectomy

A

Surgical removal of spleen

144
Q

Plasmapheresis

A

Removal and replacement of a patient’s own blood after plasma has been removed and replaced with a plasma substitute

145
Q

Phlebotomy, syn. venipuncture, venotomy

A

Incision into a vein to inject a solution or withdraw blood

146
Q

Immunosuppression

A

Use of chemotherapy or immunosuppressant drugs to interfere with immune responses; usually prescribed for autoimmune disorders

147
Q

Immunization, syn. vaccination

A

Administration of a weakened or killed pathogen, or a protein of a pathogen, to cause the immune system to produce antibodies for future protection

148
Q

Bone marrow transplant (BMT)

A

Transfer of bone marrow from one person to another

149
Q

Bone marrow aspiration (BMA)

A

Removal of a small amount of fluid and cells from inside the bone with a needle and syringe

150
Q

Antibiotic

A

Drug that acts against susceptible microorganisms

151
Q

Anticoagulant

A

Drug used to prolong blood clotting time

152
Q

Antihistamine

A

Drug used to stop the effects of a histamine

153
Q

Hemostatic agent, syn. procoagulant

A

Drug that stops the flow of blood within vessels

154
Q

Immune serum

A

Serum prepared from an individual with specific disease antibodies

155
Q

Immunosuppressant

A

Drug used to suppress or reduce immune responses in organ transplant recipients or those with severe autoimmune diseases

156
Q

Thrombolytic agent

A

Drug that dissolves a blood clot

157
Q

Vaccine

A

Preparation composed of a weakened or killed pathogen

158
Q

White blood cell count (WBC)

A

Number of leukocytes present; used to diagnose various disorders including infections and diseases, + for monitoring treatment

159
Q

Cross-matching

A

Blood typing test for compatibility between donor and recipient blood

160
Q

Culture and sensitivity (C&S)

A

Growing of an organism from a specimen from the body to determine its susceptibility to particular medications

161
Q

Prothrombin time (PT)

A

Measurement of time for blood to clot

162
Q

WBC differential count, syn. differential count

A

Evaluation of the total percentage of leukocytes

163
Q

Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test

A

Assessment for autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, + others

164
Q

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody test

A

Diagnostic test for mononucleosis and evaluation of the Epstein-Barr virus

165
Q

Mononucleosis spot test

A

Assessment for mononucleosis

166
Q

Rheumatoid factor test

A

Test for rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren syndrome

HOSA MedTerm (17 decks)

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