Chapter 8- Blood and Immune System Flashcards
1
Q
Blood
A
Fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries, + veins, transporting oxygen and nutritive materials to the tissues
2
Q
Formed elements
A
Blood cells
3
Q
Plasma
A
Liquid portion of blood that carries formed elements, clotting factors, minerals, + proteins
4
Q
Chrom/o, chromat/o
A
Color
5
Q
Cyt/o
A
Cell
6
Q
Erythr/o
A
Red
7
Q
Granul/o
A
Granules
8
Q
Anemia
A
Condition in which the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or volume of packed cells is lower than normal
9
Q
Aplastic anemia
A
Disorder in which bone marrow does not produce enough RBCs
10
Q
Iron deficiency anemia
A
Disorder in which hemoglobin is unable to transport oxygen due to a lack of iron
11
Q
Pernicious anemia
A
Disorder in which the number of red blood cells decline with simultaneous enlargement of individual cells (i.e., macrocytes) due to an inability to absorb vitamin B-12; usually in older adults
12
Q
Hemorrhagic anemia, syn. blood loss anemia
A
Disorder involving lack of red blood cells due to profuse blood loss
13
Q
Thalassemia
A
Disorder caused by a genetic defect resulting in low hemoglobin production
14
Q
Sickle cell anemia
A
Disorder caused by a genetic defect resulting in abnormal hemoglobin causing sickle-shaped red blood cells, which have difficulty moving through small capillary vessels
15
Q
Autoimmune disease
A
Condition in which the immune system attacks normal body tissues
16
Q
Clotting disorder
A
Condition characterized by an inability of blood to coagulate
17
Q
Hemophilia
A
Bleeding disorder due to a deficiency of a clotting factor
18
Q
Thrombocytopenia
A
Disorder involving low levels of platelets in blood
19
Q
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
A
Disorder marked by platelet destruction by macrophages resulting in bruising and bleeding from mucous membranes
20
Q
Apheresis
A
Removal and replacement of a patient’s own blood or donor blood after specific components have been removed
21
Q
Blood transfusion (BT)
A
Transfer of blood between compatible donor and recipient
22
Q
Autologous blood
A
Blood donated for future use by same patient; usually presurgical
23
Q
Homologous blood
A
Blood donated from same species for use by a compatible recipient
24
Q
Blood component therapy
A
Transfusion of specific blood components such as packed red blood cells, plasma, or platelets
25
Allergology
Medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of allergy and sensitivity
26
Allergist
Physician who specializesin allergology
27
Hematology
Medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the blood and blood-forming organs
28
Hematologist
Physician who specializes in hematology
29
Immunology
Medical specialty concerned w/ immunity, allergy, + induced sensitivity
30
Immunologist
One who practices immunology
31
Rheumatology
Medical specialty concerned w/ diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic conditions and autoimmune diseases
32
Rheumatologist
A physician who specializes in rheumatology
33
Platelet count
of platelets present; used to diagnose bleeding disorders or bone marrow disease
34
Red blood cell count (RBC)
Number of erythrocytes present; used to diagnose various disorders including anemia
35
Hem/o, hemat/o
Blood
36
Immun/o
Immune, safe
37
Leuk/o
White
38
Lymph/o
Lymph
39
Neutr/o
Neutral
40
Nucle/o
Nucleus
41
Path/o
Disease
42
Phag/o
Eat, swallow
43
Phleb/o
Vein
44
Plas/o
Formation, growth
45
Thromb/o
Blood clot
46
Auto-
Same, self
47
Basi-, baso-
Base
48
Macro-
Large, long
49
Micro-
Small
50
Mono-
One
51
Pro-
Before, promoting
52
Poly-
Many, much
53
-Cyte
Cell
54
-Emia
Blood (condition of)
55
-Sis
Condition, process
56
-Gen
Origin, production
57
-Lysis
Destruction, breakdown, separation
58
-Osis
Abnormal condition
59
-Penia
Deficiency
60
-Philia
Attraction for
61
-Poiesis
Production, formation
62
-Rrhage
Flowing forth
63
-Y
Condition of
64
Autoimmunity
Pertaining to one's immune system attacking its own tissues or cells
65
Cytopathic
Pertaining to a disease or disorder of a cell or cellular component
66
Hematopoietic
Pertaining to the formation of blood cells
67
Hemolytic
Pertaining to the rupture or destruction of RBCs
68
Hemorrhagic
Pertaining to profuse or excessive bleeding
69
Hemostasis
Stoppage or arrest of bleeding
70
Hypersensitive
Condition of excessive response or an exaggerated sensitivity to a stimulus
71
Inflammatory
Pertaining to the process of heat, redness, swelling, + pain in response to tissue injury
72
Predisposition
Condition of being susceptible to disease
73
Proliferative
Growing or increasing in number of similar cells
74
Rejection
Immunologic response of incompatibility to a transplanted organ or tissue
75
Systematic
Pertaining to the body as a whole
76
Virulent
Denotes an extremely toxic pathogen
77
Hemoglobin (HGB, Hb, Hgb)
Protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen; gives RBCs the characteristic color
78
Iron (Fe)
Essential trace element necessary for hemoglobin to transport oxygen on red blood cells
79
Macrocyte
Large red blood cell
80
Rh factor
Protein substance present in the red blood cells of most people (85%) capable of inducing intense antigenic reactions
81
Leukocyte, syn. white blood cell (WBC)
Largest blood cell; protects against pathogens, foreign substances, + cell debris
82
Granulocyte
White blood cell with visible granules; three types of granulocytes that are named according to the type of dye each is attracted to
83
Neutrophil
Type of granulocyte that fights against bacterial infections; stains a neutral pink
84
Eosinophil
Type of granulocyte that functions in allergic reactions and against parasites; stains red
85
Basophil
Type of granulocyte that releases histamine in allergic reactions and inflammatory responses; stains a dark blue with a basic dye
86
Agranulocyte
White blood cell without clearly visible granules
87
Fe
Iron
88
HCT, Hct, ht
Hematocrit
89
HGB, Hb, Hgb
Hemoglobin
90
ITP
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
91
PLT
Platelet or platelet count
92
PT
Orithrombin time
93
RA
Rheumatoid arthritis
94
RBC
Red blood cell; red blood cell count
95
SLE
Systemic lupus erythematosus
96
vWD
von Willebrand disease
97
WBC
White blood cell; white blood cell count
98
Ag
Antigen
99
ANA
Antinuclear antibody test
100
BMA
Bone marrow aspiration
101
BMT
Bone marrow transplant
102
BT
Blood transfusion
103
CBC
Blood transfusion
104
CBC
Complete blood count
105
C&S
Culture and sensitivity
106
ESV
Epstein-Barr virus
107
EPO
Erythropoietin
108
ESR
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
109
Ab
Antibody
110
von Willebrand disease (vWD)
Bleeding disorder characterized by a tendency to bleed primarily from the mucous membranes due to a deficiency fo a clotting factor
111
Hemochromatosis
Excessive absorption and storage of dietary iron in body tissues causing dysfunction
112
Mononucleosis
Increase of mononuclear leukocytes with symptoms of fever, enlarged cervical lymph nodes, + fatigue
113
Lymphocyte
Type of agranulocyte that circulates in the lymphatic system and is active in immunity
114
B lymphocyte, syn. B cell
White blood cell that, when in contact with a foreign antigen, produces antibodies to inactivate the antigen
115
T lymphocyte, syn. T cell
White blood cell that matures in the thymus and specializes in creating an immune response
116
Monocyte
Largest form of white blood cells
117
Macrophage
Enlarged and matured monocytes active in phagocytosis
118
Thrombocyte, syn. platelet (PLT)
Cell fragments in the blood that stick together forming a clot
119
Clotting factors
Any of the various plasma components involved in the clotting process
120
Coagulation
Clotting; changing from a liquid to a solid state
121
Fibrin
Elastic fiber protein needed in clotting and produced by fibrinogen
122
Fibrinogen
Plasma protein that is converted into solid threads called fibrin
123
Antibody (Ab)
Soldier-like cell that protects the body and inactivates antigens; provides immunity against specific organisms
124
Antigen
Agent or substance that provokes an immune response
125
Histamine
Substance released by damaged cells that increase blood flow to the area, causing inflammatory process involving heat, redness, swelling, + pain
126
Immunity
Protection against disease
127
Pathogen
Any virus, microorganism, or other substance that causes disease
128
Phagocytosis
Cellular process of eating and destroying substances, usually by the neutrophils and macrophages
129
Pancytopenia
Deficiency in all types of blood cells
130
Polycythermia
Increase of red blood cells
131
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Autoimmune disease causing progressive destructive changes and inflammation in multiple joints, especially in the hands and feet
132
Septicemia
Spread of microorganisms or toxins through circulating blood
133
Sjogren syndrome
Chronic autoimmune disease in which a person's white blood cells attack their moisture-producing glands
134
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Inflammatory, autoimmune, connective tissue disease that can affect all organ systems
135
Thrombosis
Abnormal presence of clotting within a blood vessel
136
Albumin
Measurement of this protein level; used to diagnose liver or kidney problems, inflammation, malnutrition, or dehydration
137
Bilirubin
Screen for liver disorders or anemia
138
Blood smear
Evaluation of the appearance and number of blood cells and the different types of white blood cells
139
Complete blood count (CBC), syn. hemogram
Automated count of all blood cells
140
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Tume measurement of red blood cells settling in a test tube over 1 hour; used to diagnose inflammation and anemias
141
Hematocrit (HCT, Hct)
Volume of blood occupied by red blood cells; used to diagnose various disorders including anemia
142
Hemoglobin (HGB, Hgb, Hb) test
Test for the red blood cell protein responsible for binding oxygen used to diagnose various disorders including anemia
143
Splenectomy
Surgical removal of spleen
144
Plasmapheresis
Removal and replacement of a patient's own blood after plasma has been removed and replaced with a plasma substitute
145
Phlebotomy, syn. venipuncture, venotomy
Incision into a vein to inject a solution or withdraw blood
146
Immunosuppression
Use of chemotherapy or immunosuppressant drugs to interfere with immune responses; usually prescribed for autoimmune disorders
147
Immunization, syn. vaccination
Administration of a weakened or killed pathogen, or a protein of a pathogen, to cause the immune system to produce antibodies for future protection
148
Bone marrow transplant (BMT)
Transfer of bone marrow from one person to another
149
Bone marrow aspiration (BMA)
Removal of a small amount of fluid and cells from inside the bone with a needle and syringe
150
Antibiotic
Drug that acts against susceptible microorganisms
151
Anticoagulant
Drug used to prolong blood clotting time
152
Antihistamine
Drug used to stop the effects of a histamine
153
Hemostatic agent, syn. procoagulant
Drug that stops the flow of blood within vessels
154
Immune serum
Serum prepared from an individual with specific disease antibodies
155
Immunosuppressant
Drug used to suppress or reduce immune responses in organ transplant recipients or those with severe autoimmune diseases
156
Thrombolytic agent
Drug that dissolves a blood clot
157
Vaccine
Preparation composed of a weakened or killed pathogen
158
White blood cell count (WBC)
Number of leukocytes present; used to diagnose various disorders including infections and diseases, + for monitoring treatment
159
Cross-matching
Blood typing test for compatibility between donor and recipient blood
160
Culture and sensitivity (C&S)
Growing of an organism from a specimen from the body to determine its susceptibility to particular medications
161
Prothrombin time (PT)
Measurement of time for blood to clot
162
WBC differential count, syn. differential count
Evaluation of the total percentage of leukocytes
163
Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test
Assessment for autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, + others
164
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody test
Diagnostic test for mononucleosis and evaluation of the Epstein-Barr virus
165
Mononucleosis spot test
Assessment for mononucleosis
166
Rheumatoid factor test
Test for rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren syndrome
