Chapter 13- Sensory Systems Flashcards
Orbit
Bony cavity of the skull that encases the eye
Conjunctiva
Mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball
Lacrimal glands
Glands that secrete tears
Lacrimal ducts
Channels that carry tears to the eye
Nasolacrimal ducts
Ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands to the noses
Tarsal glands, syn. meibomian glands
Oil glands along the edges of the eyelids that lubricate the eye
Sclera
Tough outer layer of the eye (the white of the eye) that extends from the cornea to the optic nerve
Cornea
Transparent outer covering of the anterior portion of the eye
Aqueous humor
Watery fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye
Iris
Colored muscular part of the eye located behind the cornea that allows light to pass through
Pupil
Opening in the middle of the iris through which light passes
Lens
Transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays
Choroid
Middle layer of the eye that contains blood vessels
Vitreous humor
Jellylike fluid that fills the posterior chamber of the eye
Retina
Innermost layer of the eye containing visual receptors
Optic nerve
Nerve that carries impulses from the retina to the brain to provide the sense of sight
Fundus
Posterior portion of the interior eyeball, visible through the opthalmoscope
Blephar/o
Eyelid
Conjunctiv/o
Conjunctiva
Corne/o
Cornea
Cry/o
Cold
Dacry/o, lacrim/o
Tears or tear ducts
Dipl/o
Double, 2
Ir/o, irid/o
Iris
Kerat/o
Cornea
Ocul/o, ophthalm/o
Eye
Otp/o
Vision, eye
Phot/o
Light
Presby/o
Related to aging
Pupill/o, cor/e, cor/o
Pupil
Retin/o
Retina
Scler/o
Sclera, hard
Ton/o
Tension, pressure
Bi-, bin-
2, 2x
-Ectasia, -ectasis
Dilation, stretching
-Lysis
Destruction, breakdown, separation
-Malacia
Softening
-Meter
Instrument for measuring
-Metry
Measurement of
-Opia, -opsia
Vision
-Pexy
Surgical fixation
-Phobia
Abnormal fear, aversion to, sensitivity to
-Plasty
Surgical reconstruction, repair
-Plegia
Paralysis
-Ptosis
Prolapse, drooping, sagging
-Rrhea
Flow, discharge
-Scopy
Process of examining, examination
-Spasm
Involuntary movement
-Trophia
To turn
Accommodation
Ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects
Binocular
Pertaining to both eyes
Blepharal
Pertaining to the eyelid
Conjunctival
Pertaining to the conjunctiva
Corneal
Pertaining to the cornea
Intraocular
Within or inside the eye
Iridal, iridial
Pertaining to the iris
Lacrimal
Pertaining to tears
Ocular, syn. ophthalmic
Pertaining to the eye
Optic
Pertaining to vision
Pupillary
Pertaining to the pupil
Retinal
Pertaining to the retina
Scleral
Pertaining to the sclera
Amblyopia
Poor vision, usually in only 1 eye, caused by abnormal development of the visual areas; also known as “lazy eye”
Astigmatism
Distorted, blurry vision caused by abnormal curvature of the cornea or lens
Blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelid
Blepharoptosis
Doping of the eyelids; also shortened to ptosis
Blepharospasm
Contractions of the muscles surrounding the eye, which causes poor vision
Cataract
Clouding of the lens of the eye, causing poor vision
Chalazion, syn. meibomian cyst
Obstruction of an oil gland in the eye
Color blindness
Deficiency in distinguishing some colors
Conjunctivitis
Highly contagious inflammation of the conjunctiva; commonly known as pinkeye
Dacryoadenitis
Inflammation of the lacrimal gland
Dacryocystitis
Inflammation of the lacrimal sac
Dacryolith
Stone in the lacrimal sac or ducts
Dacryorrhea
Excessive discharge of tears
Detached retina
Separation of the retina from the choroid in the back of the eye; can be caused by injury, tumor, or hemmorrhage
Optician
One who fills prescriptions for corrective lenses
Optometry
Medical specialty concerned w/ the measurement of vision and prescription of corrective treatment and lenses
Optometrist
One who practices optometry
Ophthalmology
Medical specialty concerned w/ the study of the eye, its diseases, + refractive errors
Ophthalmologist
One who specializes in ophthalmology
Auricle, syn. pinna
External portion of the ear
External auditory meatus, syn. external auditory canal
Canal extending from the auricle to the tympanic membrane
Cerumen
Waxy substance created by glands of the external auditory meatus; earwax
Tympanic membrane (TM)
Eardrum; a semitransparent membrane that vibrates to transmit sound waves to the ossicles; separates the external auditory meatus from the middle ear cavity
Mastoid bone and cells
Bone located behind ear filled w/ air cavities and encloses the middle ear
Pharyngotympanic tube, syn. eustachian tube, auditory tube
Tubular channel running from the middle ear cavity to the pharynx
Auditory ossicles
Middle ear bones contained in the tympanic cavity that transmit sound vibrations
Malleus
Auditory ossicle shaped like a hammer or club
Incus
Auditory ossicle shaped like an anvil
Stapes
Auditory ossicle shaped like a stirrup
Labyrinth
Inner ear, which is made up of a series of semicircular canals, the vestibule, + the cochlea
Cochlea
Snail-shaped organ containing the organ of hearing
Spiral organ, syn. organ of Corti
Receptor for hearing located within the cochlea; the organ of hearing
Vestibule
Anatomic chamber such as that found in the inner ear
Semicircular canals and ducts
Small tubes in the labyrinth that contain receptors that assist the body in maintaining balance
Labyrinth/o
Labyrinth, inner ear
Mastoid/o
Mastoid bone
Myring/o, tympan/o
Tympanic membrane, eardrum
Scler/o
Hard, sclera
Staped/o
Stapes
Vestibul/o
Vestibule
Dys-
Painful, difficult, abnormal
-Acousis, -acusis
Hearing
-Algia
Pain
-Ectomy
Excision, surgical removal
-Stomy
Surgical opening
Acous/o
Hearing, sound
Audi/o
Hearing
Aur/i, aur/o, ot/o
Ear
Cochle/o
Cochlea
Audiogram
Record of hearing (presented in graph form)
Audiometer
Instrument for measuring hearing
Audiometry
Measruement of hearing
Decibel (dB)
Unit for expressing the intensity of a sound
Electronystagmography (ENG)
Recording of eye movements in response to electrical impulses to diagnose balance problems
Corticosteroid
Drug that reduces inflammation; used to treat swelling and itching of eye
Hypotonic
Drug used to relieve dry, irritated eyes
Miotic
Drug used to constrict the pupil
Mydriatic
Drug used to dilate the pupil
Prostaglandin
Drug that relaxes muscles in the eye’s interior structure to allow better outflow of fluids
Diabetic retinopathy
Degenerative changes to the retina caused by diabetes mellitus; may lead to blindness
Diplopia
Double vision
Exophthalmos, syn, exophthalmus
Abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs
Glaucoma
Group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve
Hordeolum
Infection of an oil gland of the eyelid; commonly called a sty
Hyperopia
Farsightedness
Iridomalacia
Softening of the iris
Iridoplegia
Paralysis of the iris
Iritis
Inflammation of the iris
Keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea
Keratomalacia
Softening of the cornea, usually associated with severe Vitamin A deficiency
Macular degeneration
Deterioration of the macula (central part of the retina), causing impaired central vision; most commonly related to advancing age
Myopia
Nearsightedness
Nyctalopia
Poor vision in reduced light or at night; commonly called night blindness
Nystagmus
Involuntary rhythmic movements of the eye
Ophthalmagia
Pain in the eye
Ophthalmia
Condition of the eye characterized by severe conjunctivitis
Ophthalmopathy
Disease of the eye(s)
Ophthalmoplegia
Paralysis of the eye muscle(s)
Photophobia
Extreme sensitivity to light
Presbyopia
Impaired vision caused by old age
Pterygium
Growth of conjunctival tissue over the cornea; usually associated with prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light
Retinitis pigmentosa
Hereditary progressive deterioration of the retina causing nyctalopia and impaired vision
Retinopathy
Any disease of the retina
Scleritis
Inflammation of the sclera
Scleromalacia
Softening or thinning of the sclera
Strabismus
Condition of ocular misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance
Xerophthalmia
Condition involving dry eye(s)
Extraocular movement (EOM)
Movement of the upper eyelids and eyeballs through use of the extraocular muscles; assessed during clinical examination to screen for eye movement disorders
Fluorescein angiography
Visualization and photographic recording of the flow of an orange fluorescent dye through the blood vessels of the eye
Keratometer
Instrument for measuring the curvature of the cornea
Ophthalmoscope
Instrument used for examining the interior of the eye through the pupil
Ophthalmoscopy
Use of the ophthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye
Pupillometer
Instrument for measuring the diameter of the pupil
Pupillometry
Measurement of the pupil
Refraction
Test using a manual refractor to determine an exact vision prescription
Retinoscopy
Examination of the retina
Snellen chart
Chart containing symbols that is used in testing visual acuity
Tonometer
Instrument for measuring pressure within the eye
Tonometry
Use of the tonometer to measure intraocular pressure within the eye; used to diagnose glaucoma
Visual acuity (VA) testing
Testing of sharpness (clarity) of distant vision, usually with a Snellen chart; normal visual acuity is 20/20
Visual field (VF) testing
Assessment of range (area) visible to one eye without movement
AD
Right ear (auris dexter)
AS
Left ear (auris sinister)
AU
Each ear, both ears (auris ultraque)
dB
Decibel
EENT
Eyes, ears, nose, + throat
ENG
Electronystagmography
ENT
Ears, nose, throat
Hz
Hertz
OE
Otitis externa
OM
Otitis media
TM
Tympanic membrane
Antibiotic
Drug that acts against susceptible microorganisms; used to treat otitis media + other ear diseases caused by bacteria
Ceruminolytic
Substance instilled into the external auditory canal to soften earwax
Otic
Any medication that can be instilled into the ear drop by drop
Audiology
Medical specialty concerned with the study and treatment of hearing disorders and fitting of hearing aids
Audiologist
One who specializes in audiology
Otology
Medical specialty concerned with the study of ears and the treatment of ear disease
Otologist
Physician who specializes in otology
Otorhinolaryngology
Medical specialty concerned with diseases of the ear, nose, + throat
Otorhinolaryngologist
Physician who specializes in Otorhinolaryngology
Hertz (Hz)
Unit of measure of frequency or pitch of sound
Otoscope
Instrument for examining the ear
Otoscopy
Use of an otoscope to examine the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane
Tympanogram
Record of middle ear function (presented in form of graph)
Tympanometer
Instrument for meauring middle ear function
Tympanometry
Measurement of middle ear function
Cochlear implant
Electronic device implanted in the cochlea to stimulate the auditory nerve and provide hearing sensations for the profoundly deaf
Ear lavage
Irrigation of the ear to remove cerumen buildup
Labyrinthectomy
Excision of part of the labyrinth
Mastoidectomy
Excision of part of the mastoid bone
Mastoidotomy
Incision into the mastoid bone
Myringotomy, syn. tympanostomy
Surgical incision (opening) into the tympanic membrane to drain fluid from the middle ear (usually done with subsequent tympanostomy tube replacement)
Otoplasty
Surgical repair of the external ear
Stapedectomy
Removal of the stapes and replacement with a prosthesis; done to correct hearing loss from otosclerosis
Tympanoplasty
Surgical repair of the tympanic membrane and/or middle ear
Tympanostomy tube placement
Placement of a tube in the tympanic membrane to relieve symptoms caused by fluid buildup
Acoustic neuroma
Benign tumor developing on the acoustic nerve (eighth cranial nerve that connects the ear to the brain) and causes hearing loss
Cerumen impaction
Excessive buildup of earwax
Cholesteatoma
Cystlike tumor of skin in the middle ear behind the tympanic membarne usually caused by chronic otitis media
Conductive hearing loss
Hearing loss due to obstruction or lesion in the outer and/or middle ear
Dysacousia
Impairment of hearing involving difficulty in the processing of sound
Labyrinthitis
Inflammation of the inner ear
Mastoiditis
Inflammation of the mastoid bone
Meniere disease, syn. Meniere syndrome
Chronic condition of the inner ear characterized by dizziness, tinnitus, hearing loss, + a sensation of pressure in the ear
Myringitis
Inflammation of the tympanic membrane
Otalgia
Pain in the ear
Otitis externa (OE)
Inflammation of the external auditory meatus; also known as “swimmer’s ear”
Otitis media (OM)
Inflammation of the middle ear
Otomycosis
Fungal infection in the ear
Otopyorrhea
Discharge of pus from the ear
Otorrhea
Discharge from the ear
Otosclerosis
Hardening of the ossicles, particular the stapes
Presbycusis
Impaired hearing loss caused by old age
Sensorineural hearing loss
Hearing loss caused by damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve
Tinnitus
Noises in the ear, such as ringing, buzzing, or humming
Typmanic membrane perforation
Hole in or rupture of the eardrum
Vertigo
Spinning sensation; commonly used to mean dizziness
IOP
Intraocular pressure
LASIK
Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis
OD
Right eye (oculus dexter)
OS
Left eye (oculus sinister)
OU
Each eye or both eyes (oculus uterque)
PRK
Photorefractive keratectomy
VA
Visual acuity
VF
Visual field
Acoustic
Pertaining to hearing or sound
Auditory
Pertaining to hearing
Aural, syn. otic
Pertaining to the ear
Cochlear
Pertaining to the cochlea
Labyrinthine
Pertaining to the labyrinth or inner ear
Mastoid
Pertaining to the mastoid bone or cells
Tympanic
Pertaining to the tympanic membrane or tympanic cavity
Vestibular
Pertaining to a vestibule
Sclerotomy
Incision into the sclera
Trabeculectomy
Surgical procedure to create a drain to reduce pressure within the eye
Vitrectomy
Removal of all or part of the vitreous humor
Blepharoplasty
Surgical repair of the eyelid
Cataract extraction
Surgical removal of a cataract
Cryoretinopexy
Surgical fixation of a detached retina or retinal tear by using extreme cold (freezing) to seal the tear)
Dacryocystotomy
Incision into the tear sac
Enucleation
Removal of an eyeball
Intraocular lens (IOL) implant
Implantation of an artifical lens to replace a defective natural lens
Iridectomy
Excision of part of the iris
Iridotomy
Incision into the iris, usually with a laser, to allow drainage of aqueous humor in therapy for narrow-angle glaucoma
Keratoplasty
Surgical repair of the cornea; corneal transplantation
Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
Procedure that uses a laser to create a corneal flap and reshape the corneal tissue; used to correct vision problems such as myopia, hyperopia, + astigmatism
Phacoemulsification
Use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract, followed by aspiration and removal
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)
Procedure using a laser to reshape the cornea to correct vision
Retinal photocoagulation
Repair of a retinal detachment or tear by suing a laser beam to coagulate the tissues to allow a seal to form
Scleral buckling
Repair of a retinal detachment by attaching a band (buckle) around the sclera to keep the retina from pulling away