Chapter 13- Sensory Systems Flashcards
1
Q
Orbit
A
Bony cavity of the skull that encases the eye
2
Q
Conjunctiva
A
Mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball
3
Q
Lacrimal glands
A
Glands that secrete tears
4
Q
Lacrimal ducts
A
Channels that carry tears to the eye
5
Q
Nasolacrimal ducts
A
Ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands to the noses
6
Q
Tarsal glands, syn. meibomian glands
A
Oil glands along the edges of the eyelids that lubricate the eye
7
Q
Sclera
A
Tough outer layer of the eye (the white of the eye) that extends from the cornea to the optic nerve
8
Q
Cornea
A
Transparent outer covering of the anterior portion of the eye
9
Q
Aqueous humor
A
Watery fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye
10
Q
Iris
A
Colored muscular part of the eye located behind the cornea that allows light to pass through
11
Q
Pupil
A
Opening in the middle of the iris through which light passes
12
Q
Lens
A
Transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays
13
Q
Choroid
A
Middle layer of the eye that contains blood vessels
14
Q
Vitreous humor
A
Jellylike fluid that fills the posterior chamber of the eye
15
Q
Retina
A
Innermost layer of the eye containing visual receptors
16
Q
Optic nerve
A
Nerve that carries impulses from the retina to the brain to provide the sense of sight
17
Q
Fundus
A
Posterior portion of the interior eyeball, visible through the opthalmoscope
18
Q
Blephar/o
A
Eyelid
19
Q
Conjunctiv/o
A
Conjunctiva
20
Q
Corne/o
A
Cornea
21
Q
Cry/o
A
Cold
22
Q
Dacry/o, lacrim/o
A
Tears or tear ducts
23
Q
Dipl/o
A
Double, 2
24
Q
Ir/o, irid/o
A
Iris
25
Kerat/o
Cornea
26
Ocul/o, ophthalm/o
Eye
27
Otp/o
Vision, eye
28
Phot/o
Light
29
Presby/o
Related to aging
30
Pupill/o, cor/e, cor/o
Pupil
31
Retin/o
Retina
32
Scler/o
Sclera, hard
33
Ton/o
Tension, pressure
34
Bi-, bin-
2, 2x
35
-Ectasia, -ectasis
Dilation, stretching
36
-Lysis
Destruction, breakdown, separation
37
-Malacia
Softening
38
-Meter
Instrument for measuring
39
-Metry
Measurement of
40
-Opia, -opsia
Vision
41
-Pexy
Surgical fixation
42
-Phobia
Abnormal fear, aversion to, sensitivity to
43
-Plasty
Surgical reconstruction, repair
44
-Plegia
Paralysis
45
-Ptosis
Prolapse, drooping, sagging
46
-Rrhea
Flow, discharge
47
-Scopy
Process of examining, examination
48
-Spasm
Involuntary movement
49
-Trophia
To turn
50
Accommodation
Ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects
51
Binocular
Pertaining to both eyes
52
Blepharal
Pertaining to the eyelid
53
Conjunctival
Pertaining to the conjunctiva
54
Corneal
Pertaining to the cornea
55
Intraocular
Within or inside the eye
56
Iridal, iridial
Pertaining to the iris
57
Lacrimal
Pertaining to tears
58
Ocular, syn. ophthalmic
Pertaining to the eye
59
Optic
Pertaining to vision
60
Pupillary
Pertaining to the pupil
61
Retinal
Pertaining to the retina
62
Scleral
Pertaining to the sclera
63
Amblyopia
Poor vision, usually in only 1 eye, caused by abnormal development of the visual areas; also known as "lazy eye"
64
Astigmatism
Distorted, blurry vision caused by abnormal curvature of the cornea or lens
65
Blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelid
66
Blepharoptosis
Doping of the eyelids; also shortened to ptosis
67
Blepharospasm
Contractions of the muscles surrounding the eye, which causes poor vision
68
Cataract
Clouding of the lens of the eye, causing poor vision
69
Chalazion, syn. meibomian cyst
Obstruction of an oil gland in the eye
70
Color blindness
Deficiency in distinguishing some colors
71
Conjunctivitis
Highly contagious inflammation of the conjunctiva; commonly known as pinkeye
72
Dacryoadenitis
Inflammation of the lacrimal gland
73
Dacryocystitis
Inflammation of the lacrimal sac
74
Dacryolith
Stone in the lacrimal sac or ducts
75
Dacryorrhea
Excessive discharge of tears
76
Detached retina
Separation of the retina from the choroid in the back of the eye; can be caused by injury, tumor, or hemmorrhage
77
Optician
One who fills prescriptions for corrective lenses
78
Optometry
Medical specialty concerned w/ the measurement of vision and prescription of corrective treatment and lenses
79
Optometrist
One who practices optometry
80
Ophthalmology
Medical specialty concerned w/ the study of the eye, its diseases, + refractive errors
81
Ophthalmologist
One who specializes in ophthalmology
82
Auricle, syn. pinna
External portion of the ear
83
External auditory meatus, syn. external auditory canal
Canal extending from the auricle to the tympanic membrane
84
Cerumen
Waxy substance created by glands of the external auditory meatus; earwax
85
Tympanic membrane (TM)
Eardrum; a semitransparent membrane that vibrates to transmit sound waves to the ossicles; separates the external auditory meatus from the middle ear cavity
86
Mastoid bone and cells
Bone located behind ear filled w/ air cavities and encloses the middle ear
87
Pharyngotympanic tube, syn. eustachian tube, auditory tube
Tubular channel running from the middle ear cavity to the pharynx
88
Auditory ossicles
Middle ear bones contained in the tympanic cavity that transmit sound vibrations
89
Malleus
Auditory ossicle shaped like a hammer or club
90
Incus
Auditory ossicle shaped like an anvil
91
Stapes
Auditory ossicle shaped like a stirrup
92
Labyrinth
Inner ear, which is made up of a series of semicircular canals, the vestibule, + the cochlea
93
Cochlea
Snail-shaped organ containing the organ of hearing
94
Spiral organ, syn. organ of Corti
Receptor for hearing located within the cochlea; the organ of hearing
95
Vestibule
Anatomic chamber such as that found in the inner ear
96
Semicircular canals and ducts
Small tubes in the labyrinth that contain receptors that assist the body in maintaining balance
97
Labyrinth/o
Labyrinth, inner ear
98
Mastoid/o
Mastoid bone
99
Myring/o, tympan/o
Tympanic membrane, eardrum
100
Scler/o
Hard, sclera
101
Staped/o
Stapes
102
Vestibul/o
Vestibule
103
Dys-
Painful, difficult, abnormal
104
-Acousis, -acusis
Hearing
105
-Algia
Pain
106
-Ectomy
Excision, surgical removal
107
-Stomy
Surgical opening
108
Acous/o
Hearing, sound
109
Audi/o
Hearing
110
Aur/i, aur/o, ot/o
Ear
111
Cochle/o
Cochlea
112
Audiogram
Record of hearing (presented in graph form)
113
Audiometer
Instrument for measuring hearing
114
Audiometry
Measruement of hearing
115
Decibel (dB)
Unit for expressing the intensity of a sound
116
Electronystagmography (ENG)
Recording of eye movements in response to electrical impulses to diagnose balance problems
117
Corticosteroid
Drug that reduces inflammation; used to treat swelling and itching of eye
118
Hypotonic
Drug used to relieve dry, irritated eyes
119
Miotic
Drug used to constrict the pupil
120
Mydriatic
Drug used to dilate the pupil
121
Prostaglandin
Drug that relaxes muscles in the eye's interior structure to allow better outflow of fluids
122
Diabetic retinopathy
Degenerative changes to the retina caused by diabetes mellitus; may lead to blindness
123
Diplopia
Double vision
124
Exophthalmos, syn, exophthalmus
Abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs
125
Glaucoma
Group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve
126
Hordeolum
Infection of an oil gland of the eyelid; commonly called a sty
127
Hyperopia
Farsightedness
128
Iridomalacia
Softening of the iris
129
Iridoplegia
Paralysis of the iris
130
Iritis
Inflammation of the iris
131
Keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea
132
Keratomalacia
Softening of the cornea, usually associated with severe Vitamin A deficiency
133
Macular degeneration
Deterioration of the macula (central part of the retina), causing impaired central vision; most commonly related to advancing age
134
Myopia
Nearsightedness
135
Nyctalopia
Poor vision in reduced light or at night; commonly called night blindness
136
Nystagmus
Involuntary rhythmic movements of the eye
137
Ophthalmagia
Pain in the eye
138
Ophthalmia
Condition of the eye characterized by severe conjunctivitis
139
Ophthalmopathy
Disease of the eye(s)
140
Ophthalmoplegia
Paralysis of the eye muscle(s)
141
Photophobia
Extreme sensitivity to light
142
Presbyopia
Impaired vision caused by old age
143
Pterygium
Growth of conjunctival tissue over the cornea; usually associated with prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light
144
Retinitis pigmentosa
Hereditary progressive deterioration of the retina causing nyctalopia and impaired vision
145
Retinopathy
Any disease of the retina
146
Scleritis
Inflammation of the sclera
147
Scleromalacia
Softening or thinning of the sclera
148
Strabismus
Condition of ocular misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance
149
Xerophthalmia
Condition involving dry eye(s)
150
Extraocular movement (EOM)
Movement of the upper eyelids and eyeballs through use of the extraocular muscles; assessed during clinical examination to screen for eye movement disorders
151
Fluorescein angiography
Visualization and photographic recording of the flow of an orange fluorescent dye through the blood vessels of the eye
152
Keratometer
Instrument for measuring the curvature of the cornea
153
Ophthalmoscope
Instrument used for examining the interior of the eye through the pupil
154
Ophthalmoscopy
Use of the ophthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye
155
Pupillometer
Instrument for measuring the diameter of the pupil
156
Pupillometry
Measurement of the pupil
157
Refraction
Test using a manual refractor to determine an exact vision prescription
158
Retinoscopy
Examination of the retina
159
Snellen chart
Chart containing symbols that is used in testing visual acuity
160
Tonometer
Instrument for measuring pressure within the eye
161
Tonometry
Use of the tonometer to measure intraocular pressure within the eye; used to diagnose glaucoma
162
Visual acuity (VA) testing
Testing of sharpness (clarity) of distant vision, usually with a Snellen chart; normal visual acuity is 20/20
163
Visual field (VF) testing
Assessment of range (area) visible to one eye without movement
164
AD
Right ear (auris dexter)
165
AS
Left ear (auris sinister)
166
AU
Each ear, both ears (auris ultraque)
167
dB
Decibel
168
EENT
Eyes, ears, nose, + throat
169
ENG
Electronystagmography
170
ENT
Ears, nose, throat
171
Hz
Hertz
172
OE
Otitis externa
173
OM
Otitis media
174
TM
Tympanic membrane
175
Antibiotic
Drug that acts against susceptible microorganisms; used to treat otitis media + other ear diseases caused by bacteria
176
Ceruminolytic
Substance instilled into the external auditory canal to soften earwax
177
Otic
Any medication that can be instilled into the ear drop by drop
178
Audiology
Medical specialty concerned with the study and treatment of hearing disorders and fitting of hearing aids
179
Audiologist
One who specializes in audiology
180
Otology
Medical specialty concerned with the study of ears and the treatment of ear disease
181
Otologist
Physician who specializes in otology
182
Otorhinolaryngology
Medical specialty concerned with diseases of the ear, nose, + throat
183
Otorhinolaryngologist
Physician who specializes in Otorhinolaryngology
184
Hertz (Hz)
Unit of measure of frequency or pitch of sound
185
Otoscope
Instrument for examining the ear
186
Otoscopy
Use of an otoscope to examine the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane
187
Tympanogram
Record of middle ear function (presented in form of graph)
188
Tympanometer
Instrument for meauring middle ear function
189
Tympanometry
Measurement of middle ear function
190
Cochlear implant
Electronic device implanted in the cochlea to stimulate the auditory nerve and provide hearing sensations for the profoundly deaf
191
Ear lavage
Irrigation of the ear to remove cerumen buildup
192
Labyrinthectomy
Excision of part of the labyrinth
193
Mastoidectomy
Excision of part of the mastoid bone
194
Mastoidotomy
Incision into the mastoid bone
195
Myringotomy, syn. tympanostomy
Surgical incision (opening) into the tympanic membrane to drain fluid from the middle ear (usually done with subsequent tympanostomy tube replacement)
196
Otoplasty
Surgical repair of the external ear
197
Stapedectomy
Removal of the stapes and replacement with a prosthesis; done to correct hearing loss from otosclerosis
198
Tympanoplasty
Surgical repair of the tympanic membrane and/or middle ear
199
Tympanostomy tube placement
Placement of a tube in the tympanic membrane to relieve symptoms caused by fluid buildup
200
Acoustic neuroma
Benign tumor developing on the acoustic nerve (eighth cranial nerve that connects the ear to the brain) and causes hearing loss
201
Cerumen impaction
Excessive buildup of earwax
202
Cholesteatoma
Cystlike tumor of skin in the middle ear behind the tympanic membarne usually caused by chronic otitis media
203
Conductive hearing loss
Hearing loss due to obstruction or lesion in the outer and/or middle ear
204
Dysacousia
Impairment of hearing involving difficulty in the processing of sound
205
Labyrinthitis
Inflammation of the inner ear
206
Mastoiditis
Inflammation of the mastoid bone
207
Meniere disease, syn. Meniere syndrome
Chronic condition of the inner ear characterized by dizziness, tinnitus, hearing loss, + a sensation of pressure in the ear
208
Myringitis
Inflammation of the tympanic membrane
209
Otalgia
Pain in the ear
210
Otitis externa (OE)
Inflammation of the external auditory meatus; also known as "swimmer's ear"
211
Otitis media (OM)
Inflammation of the middle ear
212
Otomycosis
Fungal infection in the ear
213
Otopyorrhea
Discharge of pus from the ear
214
Otorrhea
Discharge from the ear
215
Otosclerosis
Hardening of the ossicles, particular the stapes
216
Presbycusis
Impaired hearing loss caused by old age
217
Sensorineural hearing loss
Hearing loss caused by damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve
218
Tinnitus
Noises in the ear, such as ringing, buzzing, or humming
219
Typmanic membrane perforation
Hole in or rupture of the eardrum
220
Vertigo
Spinning sensation; commonly used to mean dizziness
221
IOP
Intraocular pressure
222
LASIK
Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis
223
OD
Right eye (oculus dexter)
224
OS
Left eye (oculus sinister)
225
OU
Each eye or both eyes (oculus uterque)
226
PRK
Photorefractive keratectomy
227
VA
Visual acuity
228
VF
Visual field
229
Acoustic
Pertaining to hearing or sound
230
Auditory
Pertaining to hearing
231
Aural, syn. otic
Pertaining to the ear
232
Cochlear
Pertaining to the cochlea
233
Labyrinthine
Pertaining to the labyrinth or inner ear
234
Mastoid
Pertaining to the mastoid bone or cells
235
Tympanic
Pertaining to the tympanic membrane or tympanic cavity
236
Vestibular
Pertaining to a vestibule
237
Sclerotomy
Incision into the sclera
238
Trabeculectomy
Surgical procedure to create a drain to reduce pressure within the eye
239
Vitrectomy
Removal of all or part of the vitreous humor
240
Blepharoplasty
Surgical repair of the eyelid
241
Cataract extraction
Surgical removal of a cataract
242
Cryoretinopexy
Surgical fixation of a detached retina or retinal tear by using extreme cold (freezing) to seal the tear)
243
Dacryocystotomy
Incision into the tear sac
244
Enucleation
Removal of an eyeball
245
Intraocular lens (IOL) implant
Implantation of an artifical lens to replace a defective natural lens
246
Iridectomy
Excision of part of the iris
247
Iridotomy
Incision into the iris, usually with a laser, to allow drainage of aqueous humor in therapy for narrow-angle glaucoma
248
Keratoplasty
Surgical repair of the cornea; corneal transplantation
249
Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
Procedure that uses a laser to create a corneal flap and reshape the corneal tissue; used to correct vision problems such as myopia, hyperopia, + astigmatism
250
Phacoemulsification
Use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract, followed by aspiration and removal
251
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)
Procedure using a laser to reshape the cornea to correct vision
252
Retinal photocoagulation
Repair of a retinal detachment or tear by suing a laser beam to coagulate the tissues to allow a seal to form
253
Scleral buckling
Repair of a retinal detachment by attaching a band (buckle) around the sclera to keep the retina from pulling away
