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HOSA MedTerm > Chapter 13- Sensory Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 13- Sensory Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Orbit

A

Bony cavity of the skull that encases the eye

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2
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball

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3
Q

Lacrimal glands

A

Glands that secrete tears

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4
Q

Lacrimal ducts

A

Channels that carry tears to the eye

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5
Q

Nasolacrimal ducts

A

Ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands to the noses

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6
Q

Tarsal glands, syn. meibomian glands

A

Oil glands along the edges of the eyelids that lubricate the eye

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7
Q

Sclera

A

Tough outer layer of the eye (the white of the eye) that extends from the cornea to the optic nerve

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8
Q

Cornea

A

Transparent outer covering of the anterior portion of the eye

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9
Q

Aqueous humor

A

Watery fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye

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10
Q

Iris

A

Colored muscular part of the eye located behind the cornea that allows light to pass through

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11
Q

Pupil

A

Opening in the middle of the iris through which light passes

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12
Q

Lens

A

Transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays

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13
Q

Choroid

A

Middle layer of the eye that contains blood vessels

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14
Q

Vitreous humor

A

Jellylike fluid that fills the posterior chamber of the eye

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15
Q

Retina

A

Innermost layer of the eye containing visual receptors

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16
Q

Optic nerve

A

Nerve that carries impulses from the retina to the brain to provide the sense of sight

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17
Q

Fundus

A

Posterior portion of the interior eyeball, visible through the opthalmoscope

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18
Q

Blephar/o

A

Eyelid

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19
Q

Conjunctiv/o

A

Conjunctiva

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20
Q

Corne/o

A

Cornea

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21
Q

Cry/o

A

Cold

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22
Q

Dacry/o, lacrim/o

A

Tears or tear ducts

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23
Q

Dipl/o

A

Double, 2

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24
Q

Ir/o, irid/o

A

Iris

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25
Q

Kerat/o

A

Cornea

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26
Q

Ocul/o, ophthalm/o

A

Eye

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27
Q

Otp/o

A

Vision, eye

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28
Q

Phot/o

A

Light

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29
Q

Presby/o

A

Related to aging

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30
Q

Pupill/o, cor/e, cor/o

A

Pupil

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31
Q

Retin/o

A

Retina

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32
Q

Scler/o

A

Sclera, hard

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33
Q

Ton/o

A

Tension, pressure

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34
Q

Bi-, bin-

A

2, 2x

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35
Q

-Ectasia, -ectasis

A

Dilation, stretching

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36
Q

-Lysis

A

Destruction, breakdown, separation

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37
Q

-Malacia

A

Softening

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38
Q

-Meter

A

Instrument for measuring

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39
Q

-Metry

A

Measurement of

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40
Q

-Opia, -opsia

A

Vision

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41
Q

-Pexy

A

Surgical fixation

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42
Q

-Phobia

A

Abnormal fear, aversion to, sensitivity to

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43
Q

-Plasty

A

Surgical reconstruction, repair

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44
Q

-Plegia

A

Paralysis

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45
Q

-Ptosis

A

Prolapse, drooping, sagging

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46
Q

-Rrhea

A

Flow, discharge

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47
Q

-Scopy

A

Process of examining, examination

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48
Q

-Spasm

A

Involuntary movement

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49
Q

-Trophia

A

To turn

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50
Q

Accommodation

A

Ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects

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51
Q

Binocular

A

Pertaining to both eyes

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52
Q

Blepharal

A

Pertaining to the eyelid

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53
Q

Conjunctival

A

Pertaining to the conjunctiva

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54
Q

Corneal

A

Pertaining to the cornea

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55
Q

Intraocular

A

Within or inside the eye

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56
Q

Iridal, iridial

A

Pertaining to the iris

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57
Q

Lacrimal

A

Pertaining to tears

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58
Q

Ocular, syn. ophthalmic

A

Pertaining to the eye

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59
Q

Optic

A

Pertaining to vision

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60
Q

Pupillary

A

Pertaining to the pupil

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61
Q

Retinal

A

Pertaining to the retina

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62
Q

Scleral

A

Pertaining to the sclera

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63
Q

Amblyopia

A

Poor vision, usually in only 1 eye, caused by abnormal development of the visual areas; also known as “lazy eye”

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64
Q

Astigmatism

A

Distorted, blurry vision caused by abnormal curvature of the cornea or lens

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65
Q

Blepharitis

A

Inflammation of the eyelid

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66
Q

Blepharoptosis

A

Doping of the eyelids; also shortened to ptosis

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67
Q

Blepharospasm

A

Contractions of the muscles surrounding the eye, which causes poor vision

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68
Q

Cataract

A

Clouding of the lens of the eye, causing poor vision

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69
Q

Chalazion, syn. meibomian cyst

A

Obstruction of an oil gland in the eye

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70
Q

Color blindness

A

Deficiency in distinguishing some colors

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71
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Highly contagious inflammation of the conjunctiva; commonly known as pinkeye

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72
Q

Dacryoadenitis

A

Inflammation of the lacrimal gland

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73
Q

Dacryocystitis

A

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac

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74
Q

Dacryolith

A

Stone in the lacrimal sac or ducts

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75
Q

Dacryorrhea

A

Excessive discharge of tears

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76
Q

Detached retina

A

Separation of the retina from the choroid in the back of the eye; can be caused by injury, tumor, or hemmorrhage

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77
Q

Optician

A

One who fills prescriptions for corrective lenses

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78
Q

Optometry

A

Medical specialty concerned w/ the measurement of vision and prescription of corrective treatment and lenses

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79
Q

Optometrist

A

One who practices optometry

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80
Q

Ophthalmology

A

Medical specialty concerned w/ the study of the eye, its diseases, + refractive errors

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81
Q

Ophthalmologist

A

One who specializes in ophthalmology

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82
Q

Auricle, syn. pinna

A

External portion of the ear

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83
Q

External auditory meatus, syn. external auditory canal

A

Canal extending from the auricle to the tympanic membrane

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84
Q

Cerumen

A

Waxy substance created by glands of the external auditory meatus; earwax

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85
Q

Tympanic membrane (TM)

A

Eardrum; a semitransparent membrane that vibrates to transmit sound waves to the ossicles; separates the external auditory meatus from the middle ear cavity

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86
Q

Mastoid bone and cells

A

Bone located behind ear filled w/ air cavities and encloses the middle ear

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87
Q

Pharyngotympanic tube, syn. eustachian tube, auditory tube

A

Tubular channel running from the middle ear cavity to the pharynx

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88
Q

Auditory ossicles

A

Middle ear bones contained in the tympanic cavity that transmit sound vibrations

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89
Q

Malleus

A

Auditory ossicle shaped like a hammer or club

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90
Q

Incus

A

Auditory ossicle shaped like an anvil

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91
Q

Stapes

A

Auditory ossicle shaped like a stirrup

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92
Q

Labyrinth

A

Inner ear, which is made up of a series of semicircular canals, the vestibule, + the cochlea

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93
Q

Cochlea

A

Snail-shaped organ containing the organ of hearing

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94
Q

Spiral organ, syn. organ of Corti

A

Receptor for hearing located within the cochlea; the organ of hearing

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95
Q

Vestibule

A

Anatomic chamber such as that found in the inner ear

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96
Q

Semicircular canals and ducts

A

Small tubes in the labyrinth that contain receptors that assist the body in maintaining balance

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97
Q

Labyrinth/o

A

Labyrinth, inner ear

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98
Q

Mastoid/o

A

Mastoid bone

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99
Q

Myring/o, tympan/o

A

Tympanic membrane, eardrum

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100
Q

Scler/o

A

Hard, sclera

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101
Q

Staped/o

A

Stapes

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102
Q

Vestibul/o

103
Q

Dys-

A

Painful, difficult, abnormal

104
Q

-Acousis, -acusis

105
Q

-Algia

106
Q

-Ectomy

A

Excision, surgical removal

107
Q

-Stomy

A

Surgical opening

108
Q

Acous/o

A

Hearing, sound

109
Q

Audi/o

110
Q

Aur/i, aur/o, ot/o

111
Q

Cochle/o

112
Q

Audiogram

A

Record of hearing (presented in graph form)

113
Q

Audiometer

A

Instrument for measuring hearing

114
Q

Audiometry

A

Measruement of hearing

115
Q

Decibel (dB)

A

Unit for expressing the intensity of a sound

116
Q

Electronystagmography (ENG)

A

Recording of eye movements in response to electrical impulses to diagnose balance problems

117
Q

Corticosteroid

A

Drug that reduces inflammation; used to treat swelling and itching of eye

118
Q

Hypotonic

A

Drug used to relieve dry, irritated eyes

119
Q

Miotic

A

Drug used to constrict the pupil

120
Q

Mydriatic

A

Drug used to dilate the pupil

121
Q

Prostaglandin

A

Drug that relaxes muscles in the eye’s interior structure to allow better outflow of fluids

122
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

Degenerative changes to the retina caused by diabetes mellitus; may lead to blindness

123
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision

124
Q

Exophthalmos, syn, exophthalmus

A

Abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs

125
Q

Glaucoma

A

Group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve

126
Q

Hordeolum

A

Infection of an oil gland of the eyelid; commonly called a sty

127
Q

Hyperopia

A

Farsightedness

128
Q

Iridomalacia

A

Softening of the iris

129
Q

Iridoplegia

A

Paralysis of the iris

130
Q

Iritis

A

Inflammation of the iris

131
Q

Keratitis

A

Inflammation of the cornea

132
Q

Keratomalacia

A

Softening of the cornea, usually associated with severe Vitamin A deficiency

133
Q

Macular degeneration

A

Deterioration of the macula (central part of the retina), causing impaired central vision; most commonly related to advancing age

134
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsightedness

135
Q

Nyctalopia

A

Poor vision in reduced light or at night; commonly called night blindness

136
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary rhythmic movements of the eye

137
Q

Ophthalmagia

A

Pain in the eye

138
Q

Ophthalmia

A

Condition of the eye characterized by severe conjunctivitis

139
Q

Ophthalmopathy

A

Disease of the eye(s)

140
Q

Ophthalmoplegia

A

Paralysis of the eye muscle(s)

141
Q

Photophobia

A

Extreme sensitivity to light

142
Q

Presbyopia

A

Impaired vision caused by old age

143
Q

Pterygium

A

Growth of conjunctival tissue over the cornea; usually associated with prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light

144
Q

Retinitis pigmentosa

A

Hereditary progressive deterioration of the retina causing nyctalopia and impaired vision

145
Q

Retinopathy

A

Any disease of the retina

146
Q

Scleritis

A

Inflammation of the sclera

147
Q

Scleromalacia

A

Softening or thinning of the sclera

148
Q

Strabismus

A

Condition of ocular misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance

149
Q

Xerophthalmia

A

Condition involving dry eye(s)

150
Q

Extraocular movement (EOM)

A

Movement of the upper eyelids and eyeballs through use of the extraocular muscles; assessed during clinical examination to screen for eye movement disorders

151
Q

Fluorescein angiography

A

Visualization and photographic recording of the flow of an orange fluorescent dye through the blood vessels of the eye

152
Q

Keratometer

A

Instrument for measuring the curvature of the cornea

153
Q

Ophthalmoscope

A

Instrument used for examining the interior of the eye through the pupil

154
Q

Ophthalmoscopy

A

Use of the ophthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye

155
Q

Pupillometer

A

Instrument for measuring the diameter of the pupil

156
Q

Pupillometry

A

Measurement of the pupil

157
Q

Refraction

A

Test using a manual refractor to determine an exact vision prescription

158
Q

Retinoscopy

A

Examination of the retina

159
Q

Snellen chart

A

Chart containing symbols that is used in testing visual acuity

160
Q

Tonometer

A

Instrument for measuring pressure within the eye

161
Q

Tonometry

A

Use of the tonometer to measure intraocular pressure within the eye; used to diagnose glaucoma

162
Q

Visual acuity (VA) testing

A

Testing of sharpness (clarity) of distant vision, usually with a Snellen chart; normal visual acuity is 20/20

163
Q

Visual field (VF) testing

A

Assessment of range (area) visible to one eye without movement

164
Q

AD

A

Right ear (auris dexter)

165
Q

AS

A

Left ear (auris sinister)

166
Q

AU

A

Each ear, both ears (auris ultraque)

167
Q

dB

168
Q

EENT

A

Eyes, ears, nose, + throat

169
Q

ENG

A

Electronystagmography

170
Q

ENT

A

Ears, nose, throat

171
Q

Hz

172
Q

OE

A

Otitis externa

173
Q

OM

A

Otitis media

174
Q

TM

A

Tympanic membrane

175
Q

Antibiotic

A

Drug that acts against susceptible microorganisms; used to treat otitis media + other ear diseases caused by bacteria

176
Q

Ceruminolytic

A

Substance instilled into the external auditory canal to soften earwax

177
Q

Otic

A

Any medication that can be instilled into the ear drop by drop

178
Q

Audiology

A

Medical specialty concerned with the study and treatment of hearing disorders and fitting of hearing aids

179
Q

Audiologist

A

One who specializes in audiology

180
Q

Otology

A

Medical specialty concerned with the study of ears and the treatment of ear disease

181
Q

Otologist

A

Physician who specializes in otology

182
Q

Otorhinolaryngology

A

Medical specialty concerned with diseases of the ear, nose, + throat

183
Q

Otorhinolaryngologist

A

Physician who specializes in Otorhinolaryngology

184
Q

Hertz (Hz)

A

Unit of measure of frequency or pitch of sound

185
Q

Otoscope

A

Instrument for examining the ear

186
Q

Otoscopy

A

Use of an otoscope to examine the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane

187
Q

Tympanogram

A

Record of middle ear function (presented in form of graph)

188
Q

Tympanometer

A

Instrument for meauring middle ear function

189
Q

Tympanometry

A

Measurement of middle ear function

190
Q

Cochlear implant

A

Electronic device implanted in the cochlea to stimulate the auditory nerve and provide hearing sensations for the profoundly deaf

191
Q

Ear lavage

A

Irrigation of the ear to remove cerumen buildup

192
Q

Labyrinthectomy

A

Excision of part of the labyrinth

193
Q

Mastoidectomy

A

Excision of part of the mastoid bone

194
Q

Mastoidotomy

A

Incision into the mastoid bone

195
Q

Myringotomy, syn. tympanostomy

A

Surgical incision (opening) into the tympanic membrane to drain fluid from the middle ear (usually done with subsequent tympanostomy tube replacement)

196
Q

Otoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the external ear

197
Q

Stapedectomy

A

Removal of the stapes and replacement with a prosthesis; done to correct hearing loss from otosclerosis

198
Q

Tympanoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the tympanic membrane and/or middle ear

199
Q

Tympanostomy tube placement

A

Placement of a tube in the tympanic membrane to relieve symptoms caused by fluid buildup

200
Q

Acoustic neuroma

A

Benign tumor developing on the acoustic nerve (eighth cranial nerve that connects the ear to the brain) and causes hearing loss

201
Q

Cerumen impaction

A

Excessive buildup of earwax

202
Q

Cholesteatoma

A

Cystlike tumor of skin in the middle ear behind the tympanic membarne usually caused by chronic otitis media

203
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

Hearing loss due to obstruction or lesion in the outer and/or middle ear

204
Q

Dysacousia

A

Impairment of hearing involving difficulty in the processing of sound

205
Q

Labyrinthitis

A

Inflammation of the inner ear

206
Q

Mastoiditis

A

Inflammation of the mastoid bone

207
Q

Meniere disease, syn. Meniere syndrome

A

Chronic condition of the inner ear characterized by dizziness, tinnitus, hearing loss, + a sensation of pressure in the ear

208
Q

Myringitis

A

Inflammation of the tympanic membrane

209
Q

Otalgia

A

Pain in the ear

210
Q

Otitis externa (OE)

A

Inflammation of the external auditory meatus; also known as “swimmer’s ear”

211
Q

Otitis media (OM)

A

Inflammation of the middle ear

212
Q

Otomycosis

A

Fungal infection in the ear

213
Q

Otopyorrhea

A

Discharge of pus from the ear

214
Q

Otorrhea

A

Discharge from the ear

215
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Hardening of the ossicles, particular the stapes

216
Q

Presbycusis

A

Impaired hearing loss caused by old age

217
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

Hearing loss caused by damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve

218
Q

Tinnitus

A

Noises in the ear, such as ringing, buzzing, or humming

219
Q

Typmanic membrane perforation

A

Hole in or rupture of the eardrum

220
Q

Vertigo

A

Spinning sensation; commonly used to mean dizziness

221
Q

IOP

A

Intraocular pressure

222
Q

LASIK

A

Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis

223
Q

OD

A

Right eye (oculus dexter)

224
Q

OS

A

Left eye (oculus sinister)

225
Q

OU

A

Each eye or both eyes (oculus uterque)

226
Q

PRK

A

Photorefractive keratectomy

227
Q

VA

A

Visual acuity

228
Q

VF

A

Visual field

229
Q

Acoustic

A

Pertaining to hearing or sound

230
Q

Auditory

A

Pertaining to hearing

231
Q

Aural, syn. otic

A

Pertaining to the ear

232
Q

Cochlear

A

Pertaining to the cochlea

233
Q

Labyrinthine

A

Pertaining to the labyrinth or inner ear

234
Q

Mastoid

A

Pertaining to the mastoid bone or cells

235
Q

Tympanic

A

Pertaining to the tympanic membrane or tympanic cavity

236
Q

Vestibular

A

Pertaining to a vestibule

237
Q

Sclerotomy

A

Incision into the sclera

238
Q

Trabeculectomy

A

Surgical procedure to create a drain to reduce pressure within the eye

239
Q

Vitrectomy

A

Removal of all or part of the vitreous humor

240
Q

Blepharoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the eyelid

241
Q

Cataract extraction

A

Surgical removal of a cataract

242
Q

Cryoretinopexy

A

Surgical fixation of a detached retina or retinal tear by using extreme cold (freezing) to seal the tear)

243
Q

Dacryocystotomy

A

Incision into the tear sac

244
Q

Enucleation

A

Removal of an eyeball

245
Q

Intraocular lens (IOL) implant

A

Implantation of an artifical lens to replace a defective natural lens

246
Q

Iridectomy

A

Excision of part of the iris

247
Q

Iridotomy

A

Incision into the iris, usually with a laser, to allow drainage of aqueous humor in therapy for narrow-angle glaucoma

248
Q

Keratoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the cornea; corneal transplantation

249
Q

Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)

A

Procedure that uses a laser to create a corneal flap and reshape the corneal tissue; used to correct vision problems such as myopia, hyperopia, + astigmatism

250
Q

Phacoemulsification

A

Use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract, followed by aspiration and removal

251
Q

Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)

A

Procedure using a laser to reshape the cornea to correct vision

252
Q

Retinal photocoagulation

A

Repair of a retinal detachment or tear by suing a laser beam to coagulate the tissues to allow a seal to form

253
Q

Scleral buckling

A

Repair of a retinal detachment by attaching a band (buckle) around the sclera to keep the retina from pulling away

HOSA MedTerm (17 decks)

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