Chapter 14- Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
Bone marrow
A
Soft tissue within bone, with multiple functions including the production of blood cells
2
Q
Cancellous bone, syn. spongy bone
A
Meshlike bone structure
3
Q
Compact bone
A
Harder, denser bone
4
Q
Diaphysis
A
Shaft of a long bone
5
Q
Endosteum
A
Membrane within medullary cavity
6
Q
Epiphysis
A
Wider ends of a long bone
7
Q
Epiphysial plate
A
Growth area of a long bone
8
Q
Medullary cavity
A
Space within long bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis
9
Q
Metaphysics
A
Flared section of a long bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis
10
Q
Os, pl. ossa
A
Bone
11
Q
Osteoblast
A
Bone-forming cell
12
Q
Osteoclast
A
Cell that helps remove osteosarcoma (bony) tissue
13
Q
Osteocyte
A
Bone cell
14
Q
Periosteum
A
Membrane surrounding bone
15
Q
Axial skeleton
A
Bones of the skull, spine, + chest
16
Q
Appendicular skeleton
A
Bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder, + pelvis
17
Q
Thorax
A
Chest
18
Q
Acetabulum
A
Socket of the pelvic bone where the femur articulates
19
Q
Acromion
A
Lateral upper section of the scapula
20
Q
Calcaneus
A
Bone of the heel
21
Q
Carpal bones
A
8 bones of wrist
22
Q
Clavicle
A
Collarbone
23
Q
Cranium
A
Skull; composed of 8 bones
24
Q
Femur
A
Bone of the upper leg
25
Fibula
Smaller, outer bone of the lower leg
26
Humerus
Bone of the upper arm
27
Hyoid
Bone beneath the mandible
28
Lamina
Posterior section of a vertebra
29
Mandible
Lower bone of the jaw
30
Maxilla
Upper bone of the jaw
31
Metacarpal bones
5 bones of palm (hand)
32
Metatarsal bones
5 bones of foot
33
Patella
Kneecap
34
Pelvic bone
Hip bone, composed of 3 fused bones on each side
35
Ischium
Posterior lower section of the pelvic bone
36
Ilium
Upper section of the pelvic bone
37
Pubis
Anterior lower section of pelvic bone; pubic bone
38
Phalanges
Bones of the fingers + toes; 14 per hand/foot
39
Radius
Outer of the 2 bones of the lower arm
40
Ribs
Long, curved bones that form the bony wall of the chest
41
Scapula
Shoulder blade
42
Sternum
Anterior bone of thorax; breast bone
43
Tarsal bones
7 bones of the ankle
44
Tibia
Larger inner bone of the lower leg
45
Ulna
More inner of 2 bones of lower arm
46
Vertebra
Bone of the spine
47
Cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)
Bones of neck
48
Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
Bones of midspine
49
Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)
Bones of lower back
50
Sacrum
5 fused vertebrae below the lumbar spine
51
Coccyx
4 fused vertebrae at the lower end of the spine, below the sacrum; the tailbone
52
Xiphoid process
Lower section of the sternum
53
Articulation
Site where bones come together
54
Bursa
Fluid-filled fibrous sac within some joints
55
Cartilage
Dense connective tissue attached to bone in many joints
56
Synovial joint, syn. diarthrosis
Joint that moves freely; joint cavity contains synovial fluid
57
Intervertebral disk (or disc)
Platelike structure of connective tissue between vertebrae
58
Ligament
Band of strong connective tissue joining bones
59
Agonist
Skeletal muscle that creates a movement by contracting; prime mover
60
Antagonist
Skeletal muscle that opposes an agonist muscle and relaxes as the agonist contracts
61
Cardiac muscle
Heart muscle
62
Fascia
Sheet of connective tissue covering a muscle
63
Fascicle
Bundle of muscle fibers`
64
Ankyl/o
Stiff
65
Arthr/o, articul/o
Joint
66
Burs/o
Bursa
67
Carp/o
Carpal bones
68
Chondr/o
Cartilage
69
Clavicul/o, clavic/o
Clavicle
70
Cervic/o
Neck
71
Cost/o
Rib
72
Crani/o
Cranium, skull
73
Disk/o
Disk or disc
74
Fasci/o
Fascia, band
75
Femor/o
Femur
76
Fibul/o
Fibula
77
Humer/o
Humerus
78
Ili/o
Ilium
79
Ischi/o
Ischium
80
Kinesi/o, kinet/o
Movement
81
Kyph/o
Humpback
82
Lei/o
Smooth
83
Lamin/o
Lamina
84
Lord/o
Curved, bent
85
Lumb/o
Lumbar region, lower back
86
Mandibul/o
Mandible
87
Maxill/o
Maxilla
88
Menisc/o
Meniscus
89
My/o, myos/o, muscul/o
Muscle
90
Myel/o
Bone marrow, spinal cord
91
Oste/o
Bone
92
Patell/o
Patella
93
Pelv/i pelv/o
Pelvis, pelvic cavity
94
Phalang/o
Phalanges
95
Pub/o
Pubis
96
Rachi/o
Spine
97
Rhabd/o
Striated muscle
98
Sacr/o
Sacrum
99
Scapul/o
Scapula
100
Scoli/o
Crooked, twisted
101
Stern/o
Sternum
102
Synovi/o
Synovial joint or fluid
103
Tars/o
Tarsal bones
104
Ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
Tendon
105
Thorac/o
Thorax, chest
106
Ton/o
Tone, tension
107
Uln/o
Ulna
108
Vertebr/o, spndyl/o
Vertebra
109
Computed tomography (CT)
X-ray technique producing computer-generated cross-sectional images; used to evaluate disorders of an injuries in the musculoskeletal system
110
Electromyogram (EMG)
Diagnostic test producing graphic record of electric currents associated w/ muscular action
111
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency waves to visualize anatomic structures; often used for diagnosing joint disorders
112
Radiography
Examination of any part of the body by x-ray
113
Range of motion (ROM) testing
Measurement of the amount of movement allowed in a joint
114
Symphisis
Joint that moves only slightly
115
Synovial fluid
Lubricating fluid in a freely moving joint
116
Tendon
Band of fibrous connective tissue attaching a muscle to a bone
117
Abduction
Moving away from the midline
118
Circumduction
Moving in a circular manner
119
Inversion
Turning inward
120
Eversion
Turning outward
121
Dorsiflexion
Bending foot upward
122
Plantar flexion
Bending foot downward
123
Extension
Motion that increases the joint angle
124
Flexion
Motion that decreases the joint angle
125
Pronation
Turning downward (palm of hand or sole of foot)
126
Supination
Turning upward (palm of hand or sole of foot)
127
Rotation
Moving in a circular direction around an axis
128
Insertion of muscle
End of muscle attached to bone that moves during contraction
129
Origin of muscle
End of muscle attached to bone that does not move during contraction
130
Smooth muscle, syn. unstriated muscle
Type of muscle not under voluntary control; present in internal organs
131
Skeletal muscle, syn. striated muscle
Type of muscle under voluntary control ("striated" refers to light and dark bands in muscle fibers)
132
Tonus
Muscle tone
133
Inter-
Between
134
Intra-
Within
135
Supra-
Above
136
Sub-
Below, beneath
137
Sym-, syn-
Together, with
138
-Algia
Pain
139
-Asthenia
Weakness
140
-Centesis
Puncture to aspirate
141
-Clasia, -clasis, -clast
To break
142
-Desis
Surgical fixation, binding
143
-Ectomy
Excision, surgical removal
144
-Itis
Inflammation
145
-Osis
Abnormal condition
146
-Physis
Growth
147
-Plasty
Surgical repair, reconstruction
148
-Porosis
Pore, passage
149
-Rrhaphy
Suture
150
-Schisis
To split
151
-Trophy
Development, nourishment
152
Carpal
Pertaining to the carpal bones
153
Costovertebral
Pertaining to the ribs and thoracic vertebrae
154
Cranial
Pertaining to the skull
155
Femoral
Pertaining to the femur
156
Humeral
Pertaining to the humerus
157
Iliofemoral
Pertaining to the ilium and femur
158
Intercostal
Pertaining to the area under the ribs
159
Intervertebral
Pertaining to the area between the vertebrae
160
Intracranial
Pertaining to the area within the skull
161
Ischiofemoral
Pertaining to the ischium and femur
162
Lumbar
Pertaining to the lower back
163
Lumbocostal
Pertaining to the lumbar vertebrae and ribs
164
Lumbosacral
Pertaining to the lumbar vertebrae and sacrum
165
Osseous
Pertaining to bone
166
Pelvic
Pertaining to the pelvis or pelvic cavity
167
Sacral
Pertaining to the sacrum
168
Sacrovertebral
Pertaining to the sacrum and the vertebrae above
169
Sternoclavicular
Pertaining to the sternum and clavicle
170
Sternoid
Resembling the sternum
171
Subcostal
Pertaining to the area below a rib or the ribs
172
Submandibular
Pertaining to the area below the mandible
173
Submaxillary
Pertaining to the area below the maxilla
174
Subscapular
Pertaining to the area below the scapula
175
Substernal
Pertaining to the area below the sternum
176
Suprapatellar
Pertaining to the area above the patella
177
Suprascapular
Pertaining to the area above the scapula
178
Synovial
Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of synovial fluid
179
Ankylosing spondylitis
Arthritis of the spine
180
Ankylosis
Abnormal condition of stiffening or fixation of a joint
181
Arthralgia
Condition of pain in a joint
182
Arthritis
Inflammation of a joint
183
Arthrochondritis
Inflammation of an articular cartilage
184
Atrophy
A wasting of tissue or an organ
185
Bradykinesia
Condition of decreased movement
186
Bunion
Swelling at metatarsophalangeal joint caused by inflammatory bursa
187
Bursitis
Inflammation of a bursa
188
Bursolith
A calculus (stone) formed in a bursa
189
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
Nerve entrapment syndrome in the wrist, causing pain
190
Carpoptosis, syn. wrist-drop
Paralysis of wrist and finger muscles
191
Chondromalacia
Softening of a cartilage
192
Cranioschisis
Congenital incomplete closure of the skull
193
Curvature of the spine
Abnormal curving of the spine in one or more directions
194
Kyphosis
Abnormal forward curvature; humpback
195
Lordosis
Abnormal backward curvature
196
Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral curvature
197
Dyskinesia
Difficulty performing voluntary movements
198
Reduction
Manipulative or surgical procedure to restore a part to its normal position, such as by reducing a fracture (putting bone ends back together)
199
Spondylosyndesis
Surgical procedure to create ankylosis between 2(+) vertebrae; also called spinal fusion
200
Synovectomy
Excision of part or all of a joint's synovial membrane
201
Tarsectomy
Excision of part or all of the tarsal bones
202
Tenorrhaphy
Suture of the divided ends of a tendon
203
Traction
A pulling force exerted on a limb or other part of the body to maintain a desired position for healing
204
Chiropractic
Health care discipline involving physical manipulation of musculoskeletal structures
205
Chiropractor
One who specializes in chiropractic
206
Orthopedics, orthopaedics
Medical specialty focusing on diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system
207
Orthopedist, orthopaedist
Physician who specializes in orthopedics
208
Orthotics
Science of making and fitting orthopedic devices
209
Orthotist
One who makes and fits orthopedic appliances
210
Osteopathy
School of medicine emphasizing manipulative measures in addition to techniques of conventional medicine
211
Osteopath
Physician who specializes in osteopathy
212
Podiatry
Medical specialty focusing on diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the foot
213
Podiatrist
Physician who specializes in podiatry
214
Rheumatology
Medical specialty focusing on the study, diagnosis, and treatment of joint conditions
215
Rheumatologist
Physician who specializes in rheumatology
216
Meniscectomy
Excision of a meniscus, usually from the knee joint
217
Myoplasty
Surgical repair of muscular tissue
218
Myorrhaphy
Suture of a muscle
219
Open reduction, internal fixation (ORIF)
Surgical repair of a fracture by making an incision into the skin and muscle at teh site of a fracture, manually moving the bones into alignment, and fixing the bones in place with surgical wires, screws, pins, rods, or plates
220
Ostectomy
Excision of bone tissue
221
Osteoclasis
Intentional fracture o f a bone to correct deformity
222
Osteoclast
Surgical instrument used to fracture a bone to correct a deformity
223
Patellectomy
Excision of the patella
224
Phalangectomy
Excision of 1 or more phalanges of the hand or foot
225
Herniated disk (or disc)
Protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk
226
Hyperkinesia
Condition of excessive muscular movements
227
Hypertrophy
Increased development of a part or organ not caused by a tumor
228
Maxillitis
Inflammation of the maxilla
229
Meniscitis
Inflammation of a meniscus
230
Muscular dystrophy (MD)
Hereditary condition causing progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles
231
Myalgia
Condition of muscular pain
232
Myasthenia gravis (MG)
Condition of neuromuscular disorder causing weakness and fatigue of voluntary muscles
233
Myositis
Inflammation of a muscle
234
Osteitis
Inflammation of bone
235
Creatine kinase (CK)
Test for the presence of the enzyme creatine kinase in the blood that may indicate conditions that can cause muscle weakness or pain
236
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Time measurement of red blood cells settling in a test tube over 1 hr; used to assess for inflammatory or necrotic conditions
237
Rheumatoid factor (FR)
Blood test used to help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis
238
Synovial fluid analysis
Test for the presence of crystals caused by some conditions, such as arthritis, and also signs of joint infection
239
Uric acid
Test for elevated presence of uric acid in the blood, indiciating gout
240
Arthrography
X-ray imaging of a joint using a contrast agent
241
Arthroscopy
Endoscopic examination of the interior of a joint
242
Bone densitometry
X-ray technique for determine bone density
243
Bone scan
Nuclear medicine imaging of bone to diagnose bone disorders
244
Arthrocentesis
Needle puncture to remove fluid from a joint
245
Arthroclasia
Surgical breaking of adhesions in ankylosis
246
Arthrodesis
Surgical artificial stiffening of a joint
247
Arthroplasty
Surgical restoration of joint function or creation of an artificial joint (such as a total hip or knee replacement)
248
Bursectomy
Excision of a bursa
249
Carpectomy
Excision or part or all of the carpal bones
250
Chondrectomy
Excision of cartilage
251
Chondroplasty
Surgical repair of cartilage
252
Costectomy
Excision of a rib
253
Cranioplasty
Surgical repair of the skull
254
Craniotomy
Surgical creation of an opening (incision) into the skull
255
Diskectomy
Excision of part or all of an intervertebral disk
256
Laminectomy
Excision of a vertebral lamina
257
Laminotomy, syn. rachiotomy
Enlargement of the intervertebral foramen by excision of a portion of the lamina
258
Maxillotomy
Surgical resection of the maxilla
