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HOSA MedTerm > Chapter 14- Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 14- Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Bone marrow

A

Soft tissue within bone, with multiple functions including the production of blood cells

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2
Q

Cancellous bone, syn. spongy bone

A

Meshlike bone structure

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3
Q

Compact bone

A

Harder, denser bone

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4
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of a long bone

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5
Q

Endosteum

A

Membrane within medullary cavity

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6
Q

Epiphysis

A

Wider ends of a long bone

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7
Q

Epiphysial plate

A

Growth area of a long bone

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8
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Space within long bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis

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9
Q

Metaphysics

A

Flared section of a long bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis

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10
Q

Os, pl. ossa

A

Bone

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11
Q

Osteoblast

A

Bone-forming cell

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12
Q

Osteoclast

A

Cell that helps remove osteosarcoma (bony) tissue

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13
Q

Osteocyte

A

Bone cell

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14
Q

Periosteum

A

Membrane surrounding bone

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15
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Bones of the skull, spine, + chest

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16
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder, + pelvis

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17
Q

Thorax

A

Chest

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18
Q

Acetabulum

A

Socket of the pelvic bone where the femur articulates

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19
Q

Acromion

A

Lateral upper section of the scapula

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20
Q

Calcaneus

A

Bone of the heel

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21
Q

Carpal bones

A

8 bones of wrist

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22
Q

Clavicle

A

Collarbone

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23
Q

Cranium

A

Skull; composed of 8 bones

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24
Q

Femur

A

Bone of the upper leg

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25
Q

Fibula

A

Smaller, outer bone of the lower leg

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26
Q

Humerus

A

Bone of the upper arm

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27
Q

Hyoid

A

Bone beneath the mandible

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28
Q

Lamina

A

Posterior section of a vertebra

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29
Q

Mandible

A

Lower bone of the jaw

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30
Q

Maxilla

A

Upper bone of the jaw

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31
Q

Metacarpal bones

A

5 bones of palm (hand)

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32
Q

Metatarsal bones

A

5 bones of foot

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33
Q

Patella

A

Kneecap

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34
Q

Pelvic bone

A

Hip bone, composed of 3 fused bones on each side

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35
Q

Ischium

A

Posterior lower section of the pelvic bone

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36
Q

Ilium

A

Upper section of the pelvic bone

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37
Q

Pubis

A

Anterior lower section of pelvic bone; pubic bone

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38
Q

Phalanges

A

Bones of the fingers + toes; 14 per hand/foot

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39
Q

Radius

A

Outer of the 2 bones of the lower arm

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40
Q

Ribs

A

Long, curved bones that form the bony wall of the chest

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41
Q

Scapula

A

Shoulder blade

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42
Q

Sternum

A

Anterior bone of thorax; breast bone

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43
Q

Tarsal bones

A

7 bones of the ankle

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44
Q

Tibia

A

Larger inner bone of the lower leg

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45
Q

Ulna

A

More inner of 2 bones of lower arm

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46
Q

Vertebra

A

Bone of the spine

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47
Q

Cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)

A

Bones of neck

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48
Q

Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)

A

Bones of midspine

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49
Q

Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)

A

Bones of lower back

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50
Q

Sacrum

A

5 fused vertebrae below the lumbar spine

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51
Q

Coccyx

A

4 fused vertebrae at the lower end of the spine, below the sacrum; the tailbone

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52
Q

Xiphoid process

A

Lower section of the sternum

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53
Q

Articulation

A

Site where bones come together

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54
Q

Bursa

A

Fluid-filled fibrous sac within some joints

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55
Q

Cartilage

A

Dense connective tissue attached to bone in many joints

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56
Q

Synovial joint, syn. diarthrosis

A

Joint that moves freely; joint cavity contains synovial fluid

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57
Q

Intervertebral disk (or disc)

A

Platelike structure of connective tissue between vertebrae

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58
Q

Ligament

A

Band of strong connective tissue joining bones

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59
Q

Agonist

A

Skeletal muscle that creates a movement by contracting; prime mover

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60
Q

Antagonist

A

Skeletal muscle that opposes an agonist muscle and relaxes as the agonist contracts

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61
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Heart muscle

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62
Q

Fascia

A

Sheet of connective tissue covering a muscle

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63
Q

Fascicle

A

Bundle of muscle fibers`

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64
Q

Ankyl/o

A

Stiff

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65
Q

Arthr/o, articul/o

A

Joint

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66
Q

Burs/o

A

Bursa

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67
Q

Carp/o

A

Carpal bones

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68
Q

Chondr/o

A

Cartilage

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69
Q

Clavicul/o, clavic/o

A

Clavicle

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70
Q

Cervic/o

A

Neck

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71
Q

Cost/o

A

Rib

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72
Q

Crani/o

A

Cranium, skull

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73
Q

Disk/o

A

Disk or disc

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74
Q

Fasci/o

A

Fascia, band

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75
Q

Femor/o

A

Femur

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76
Q

Fibul/o

A

Fibula

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77
Q

Humer/o

A

Humerus

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78
Q

Ili/o

A

Ilium

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79
Q

Ischi/o

A

Ischium

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80
Q

Kinesi/o, kinet/o

A

Movement

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81
Q

Kyph/o

A

Humpback

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82
Q

Lei/o

A

Smooth

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83
Q

Lamin/o

A

Lamina

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84
Q

Lord/o

A

Curved, bent

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85
Q

Lumb/o

A

Lumbar region, lower back

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86
Q

Mandibul/o

A

Mandible

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87
Q

Maxill/o

A

Maxilla

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88
Q

Menisc/o

A

Meniscus

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89
Q

My/o, myos/o, muscul/o

A

Muscle

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90
Q

Myel/o

A

Bone marrow, spinal cord

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91
Q

Oste/o

A

Bone

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92
Q

Patell/o

A

Patella

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93
Q

Pelv/i pelv/o

A

Pelvis, pelvic cavity

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94
Q

Phalang/o

A

Phalanges

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95
Q

Pub/o

A

Pubis

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96
Q

Rachi/o

A

Spine

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97
Q

Rhabd/o

A

Striated muscle

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98
Q

Sacr/o

A

Sacrum

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99
Q

Scapul/o

A

Scapula

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100
Q

Scoli/o

A

Crooked, twisted

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101
Q

Stern/o

A

Sternum

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102
Q

Synovi/o

A

Synovial joint or fluid

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103
Q

Tars/o

A

Tarsal bones

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104
Q

Ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

A

Tendon

105
Q

Thorac/o

A

Thorax, chest

106
Q

Ton/o

A

Tone, tension

107
Q

Uln/o

A

Ulna

108
Q

Vertebr/o, spndyl/o

A

Vertebra

109
Q

Computed tomography (CT)

A

X-ray technique producing computer-generated cross-sectional images; used to evaluate disorders of an injuries in the musculoskeletal system

110
Q

Electromyogram (EMG)

A

Diagnostic test producing graphic record of electric currents associated w/ muscular action

111
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

Imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency waves to visualize anatomic structures; often used for diagnosing joint disorders

112
Q

Radiography

A

Examination of any part of the body by x-ray

113
Q

Range of motion (ROM) testing

A

Measurement of the amount of movement allowed in a joint

114
Q

Symphisis

A

Joint that moves only slightly

115
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Lubricating fluid in a freely moving joint

116
Q

Tendon

A

Band of fibrous connective tissue attaching a muscle to a bone

117
Q

Abduction

A

Moving away from the midline

118
Q

Circumduction

A

Moving in a circular manner

119
Q

Inversion

A

Turning inward

120
Q

Eversion

A

Turning outward

121
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Bending foot upward

122
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Bending foot downward

123
Q

Extension

A

Motion that increases the joint angle

124
Q

Flexion

A

Motion that decreases the joint angle

125
Q

Pronation

A

Turning downward (palm of hand or sole of foot)

126
Q

Supination

A

Turning upward (palm of hand or sole of foot)

127
Q

Rotation

A

Moving in a circular direction around an axis

128
Q

Insertion of muscle

A

End of muscle attached to bone that moves during contraction

129
Q

Origin of muscle

A

End of muscle attached to bone that does not move during contraction

130
Q

Smooth muscle, syn. unstriated muscle

A

Type of muscle not under voluntary control; present in internal organs

131
Q

Skeletal muscle, syn. striated muscle

A

Type of muscle under voluntary control (“striated” refers to light and dark bands in muscle fibers)

132
Q

Tonus

A

Muscle tone

133
Q

Inter-

A

Between

134
Q

Intra-

A

Within

135
Q

Supra-

A

Above

136
Q

Sub-

A

Below, beneath

137
Q

Sym-, syn-

A

Together, with

138
Q

-Algia

A

Pain

139
Q

-Asthenia

A

Weakness

140
Q

-Centesis

A

Puncture to aspirate

141
Q

-Clasia, -clasis, -clast

A

To break

142
Q

-Desis

A

Surgical fixation, binding

143
Q

-Ectomy

A

Excision, surgical removal

144
Q

-Itis

A

Inflammation

145
Q

-Osis

A

Abnormal condition

146
Q

-Physis

A

Growth

147
Q

-Plasty

A

Surgical repair, reconstruction

148
Q

-Porosis

A

Pore, passage

149
Q

-Rrhaphy

A

Suture

150
Q

-Schisis

A

To split

151
Q

-Trophy

A

Development, nourishment

152
Q

Carpal

A

Pertaining to the carpal bones

153
Q

Costovertebral

A

Pertaining to the ribs and thoracic vertebrae

154
Q

Cranial

A

Pertaining to the skull

155
Q

Femoral

A

Pertaining to the femur

156
Q

Humeral

A

Pertaining to the humerus

157
Q

Iliofemoral

A

Pertaining to the ilium and femur

158
Q

Intercostal

A

Pertaining to the area under the ribs

159
Q

Intervertebral

A

Pertaining to the area between the vertebrae

160
Q

Intracranial

A

Pertaining to the area within the skull

161
Q

Ischiofemoral

A

Pertaining to the ischium and femur

162
Q

Lumbar

A

Pertaining to the lower back

163
Q

Lumbocostal

A

Pertaining to the lumbar vertebrae and ribs

164
Q

Lumbosacral

A

Pertaining to the lumbar vertebrae and sacrum

165
Q

Osseous

A

Pertaining to bone

166
Q

Pelvic

A

Pertaining to the pelvis or pelvic cavity

167
Q

Sacral

A

Pertaining to the sacrum

168
Q

Sacrovertebral

A

Pertaining to the sacrum and the vertebrae above

169
Q

Sternoclavicular

A

Pertaining to the sternum and clavicle

170
Q

Sternoid

A

Resembling the sternum

171
Q

Subcostal

A

Pertaining to the area below a rib or the ribs

172
Q

Submandibular

A

Pertaining to the area below the mandible

173
Q

Submaxillary

A

Pertaining to the area below the maxilla

174
Q

Subscapular

A

Pertaining to the area below the scapula

175
Q

Substernal

A

Pertaining to the area below the sternum

176
Q

Suprapatellar

A

Pertaining to the area above the patella

177
Q

Suprascapular

A

Pertaining to the area above the scapula

178
Q

Synovial

A

Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of synovial fluid

179
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

Arthritis of the spine

180
Q

Ankylosis

A

Abnormal condition of stiffening or fixation of a joint

181
Q

Arthralgia

A

Condition of pain in a joint

182
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of a joint

183
Q

Arthrochondritis

A

Inflammation of an articular cartilage

184
Q

Atrophy

A

A wasting of tissue or an organ

185
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Condition of decreased movement

186
Q

Bunion

A

Swelling at metatarsophalangeal joint caused by inflammatory bursa

187
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa

188
Q

Bursolith

A

A calculus (stone) formed in a bursa

189
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

A

Nerve entrapment syndrome in the wrist, causing pain

190
Q

Carpoptosis, syn. wrist-drop

A

Paralysis of wrist and finger muscles

191
Q

Chondromalacia

A

Softening of a cartilage

192
Q

Cranioschisis

A

Congenital incomplete closure of the skull

193
Q

Curvature of the spine

A

Abnormal curving of the spine in one or more directions

194
Q

Kyphosis

A

Abnormal forward curvature; humpback

195
Q

Lordosis

A

Abnormal backward curvature

196
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curvature

197
Q

Dyskinesia

A

Difficulty performing voluntary movements

198
Q

Reduction

A

Manipulative or surgical procedure to restore a part to its normal position, such as by reducing a fracture (putting bone ends back together)

199
Q

Spondylosyndesis

A

Surgical procedure to create ankylosis between 2(+) vertebrae; also called spinal fusion

200
Q

Synovectomy

A

Excision of part or all of a joint’s synovial membrane

201
Q

Tarsectomy

A

Excision of part or all of the tarsal bones

202
Q

Tenorrhaphy

A

Suture of the divided ends of a tendon

203
Q

Traction

A

A pulling force exerted on a limb or other part of the body to maintain a desired position for healing

204
Q

Chiropractic

A

Health care discipline involving physical manipulation of musculoskeletal structures

205
Q

Chiropractor

A

One who specializes in chiropractic

206
Q

Orthopedics, orthopaedics

A

Medical specialty focusing on diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system

207
Q

Orthopedist, orthopaedist

A

Physician who specializes in orthopedics

208
Q

Orthotics

A

Science of making and fitting orthopedic devices

209
Q

Orthotist

A

One who makes and fits orthopedic appliances

210
Q

Osteopathy

A

School of medicine emphasizing manipulative measures in addition to techniques of conventional medicine

211
Q

Osteopath

A

Physician who specializes in osteopathy

212
Q

Podiatry

A

Medical specialty focusing on diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the foot

213
Q

Podiatrist

A

Physician who specializes in podiatry

214
Q

Rheumatology

A

Medical specialty focusing on the study, diagnosis, and treatment of joint conditions

215
Q

Rheumatologist

A

Physician who specializes in rheumatology

216
Q

Meniscectomy

A

Excision of a meniscus, usually from the knee joint

217
Q

Myoplasty

A

Surgical repair of muscular tissue

218
Q

Myorrhaphy

A

Suture of a muscle

219
Q

Open reduction, internal fixation (ORIF)

A

Surgical repair of a fracture by making an incision into the skin and muscle at teh site of a fracture, manually moving the bones into alignment, and fixing the bones in place with surgical wires, screws, pins, rods, or plates

220
Q

Ostectomy

A

Excision of bone tissue

221
Q

Osteoclasis

A

Intentional fracture o f a bone to correct deformity

222
Q

Osteoclast

A

Surgical instrument used to fracture a bone to correct a deformity

223
Q

Patellectomy

A

Excision of the patella

224
Q

Phalangectomy

A

Excision of 1 or more phalanges of the hand or foot

225
Q

Herniated disk (or disc)

A

Protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk

226
Q

Hyperkinesia

A

Condition of excessive muscular movements

227
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increased development of a part or organ not caused by a tumor

228
Q

Maxillitis

A

Inflammation of the maxilla

229
Q

Meniscitis

A

Inflammation of a meniscus

230
Q

Muscular dystrophy (MD)

A

Hereditary condition causing progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles

231
Q

Myalgia

A

Condition of muscular pain

232
Q

Myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

Condition of neuromuscular disorder causing weakness and fatigue of voluntary muscles

233
Q

Myositis

A

Inflammation of a muscle

234
Q

Osteitis

A

Inflammation of bone

235
Q

Creatine kinase (CK)

A

Test for the presence of the enzyme creatine kinase in the blood that may indicate conditions that can cause muscle weakness or pain

236
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

A

Time measurement of red blood cells settling in a test tube over 1 hr; used to assess for inflammatory or necrotic conditions

237
Q

Rheumatoid factor (FR)

A

Blood test used to help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis

238
Q

Synovial fluid analysis

A

Test for the presence of crystals caused by some conditions, such as arthritis, and also signs of joint infection

239
Q

Uric acid

A

Test for elevated presence of uric acid in the blood, indiciating gout

240
Q

Arthrography

A

X-ray imaging of a joint using a contrast agent

241
Q

Arthroscopy

A

Endoscopic examination of the interior of a joint

242
Q

Bone densitometry

A

X-ray technique for determine bone density

243
Q

Bone scan

A

Nuclear medicine imaging of bone to diagnose bone disorders

244
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

Needle puncture to remove fluid from a joint

245
Q

Arthroclasia

A

Surgical breaking of adhesions in ankylosis

246
Q

Arthrodesis

A

Surgical artificial stiffening of a joint

247
Q

Arthroplasty

A

Surgical restoration of joint function or creation of an artificial joint (such as a total hip or knee replacement)

248
Q

Bursectomy

A

Excision of a bursa

249
Q

Carpectomy

A

Excision or part or all of the carpal bones

250
Q

Chondrectomy

A

Excision of cartilage

251
Q

Chondroplasty

A

Surgical repair of cartilage

252
Q

Costectomy

A

Excision of a rib

253
Q

Cranioplasty

A

Surgical repair of the skull

254
Q

Craniotomy

A

Surgical creation of an opening (incision) into the skull

255
Q

Diskectomy

A

Excision of part or all of an intervertebral disk

256
Q

Laminectomy

A

Excision of a vertebral lamina

257
Q

Laminotomy, syn. rachiotomy

A

Enlargement of the intervertebral foramen by excision of a portion of the lamina

258
Q

Maxillotomy

A

Surgical resection of the maxilla

HOSA MedTerm (17 decks)

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