Chapter 9 lesson 5 Flashcards
what are the two groups vitamins can be classified
fat soluble and water soluble
name the fat soluble vitamins
A,D,E and K
name the water soluble vitamins
C and large groups of B vitamins
what does it mean when a vitamin is fat soluble
it needs fat to be digested and absorbed
what is the total amount of b vitamins
there are 8 B vitamins
what is the primary use of vitamin c
synthesize collagen and antioxidant activity neutralize oxidative and free radical damage to cell lining, DNA and RNA and lipoproteins
what are the two groups that B vitamins can be catagorized as
the two group are categorized as red blood cell synthesis and energy-metabolism.
what are the two kinds of minerals
Major minerals and Trace minerals
how many major minerals are there
the are 7 major minerals
Major minerals
Minerals present in the body in larger amounts
Trace minerals
Minerals present in small amounts in the body.
how much water in fluid oz do men need a day
124 oz
how much water in fluid oz do woman need a day
9.2 oz
Heat exhaustion
A condition that occurs when the body becomes overheated. It can occur from dehydration in a hot climate, and symptoms include heavy sweating, rapid pulse, low blood pressure, nausea, dizziness, and muscle cramps.
Heatstroke
A condition that can develop if heat exhaustion is not treated quickly. Heatstroke symptoms include headache, fever, confusion and disorientation, and flushed skin. Heatstroke is a medical emergency and can be fatal if not quickly treated.
Sports drink
Drink with a combination of carbohydrate and/or electrolytes used for rehydration and carbohydrate replenishment during physical activity; may be isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic.
Electrolytes
Minerals that have an electrical charge to help transmit nerve impulses throughout the body, such as sodium, potassium, and chloride.
how much liquid should an athlete drink after his work out
1.25 times the amount of weight lost during training session or game. roughly 34 oz of water
what are the three types of sports hydration drinks
hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic
Hypotonic
A solution with a lower solute load/concentration than body fluids.
Isotonic
A solution with a similar solute load/concentration as body fluids.
Hypertonic
A solution with a higher solute load/concentration than body fluids.
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
The amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest.
Endocrine (hormonal) disorders
When the body produces too little or too much of an endocrine hormone.
First law of thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed but merely converted from one form to another.
Added sugars
Sugars that are not naturally found in food but have been added to a food product.
Peptide YY
Called peptide tyrosine and is a peptide that is released in the colon during feeding.
Hypothyroidism
Low activity of the thyroid gland that can disrupt heart rate, body temperature, and metabolism.
Ghrelin
The hunger hormone that stimulates appetite.
Cushing’s syndrome
A hormone disorder that causes abnormally high levels of cortisol in the body.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
A hormone disorder that occurs in women of childbearing age that causes irregular periods, excess levels of the male hormone androgen, small cysts on the outer edges of the ovaries, and obesity.
Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)
Energy expenditure through daily activities outside of structured exercise, such as walking, completing household chores, and taking the stairs.
Exercise activity thermogenesis (EAT)
The calories expended through structured exercise or training.
