chapter 9 lesson 4 Flashcards
Lipids
commonly referred to as fats, Group of fats/fatty acids and their derivatives, including triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols.
what are the three identifiable lipids
triglycerides, phospholipids and sterols
Triglycerides
The chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body.
Phospholipids
Type of lipid (fat) comprised of glycerol, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group.
Sterols
A group of lipids with a ringlike structure. Cholesterol is a type of sterol.
Saturated fats
Animal fats, full-fat dairy, coconut oil, palm oil
Trans fats
Artificial/added trans fats are in partially hydrogenated oils and processed foods that contain these oils
Naturally occurring trans fats are found in animal fats and dairy
Polyunsaturated fats: omega-6
Vegetable oils, nuts, seeds
Polyunsaturated fats: omega-3
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)
Fatty fish (EPA and DHA): salmon, tuna, sardines, mackerel
Walnuts, flaxseed, chia seeds (ALA)
Fortified milk, fortified eggs (DHA)
Dairy from grass-fed cows (DHA, ALA)
Green vegetables (ALA)
Monounsaturated fats
Olives, olive oil
Canola oil
Avocado
Peanuts
what are known as unhealthy fats
saturated and trans
Pancreatic enzymes
Digestive enzymes produced by the body to help digest fats, starches, and proteins.
Lingual lipase
An enzyme in saliva that begins the process of lipid digestion in the mouth.
Lipase
Enzyme that digests lipids.
Chylomicrons
Molecules of fat that contain triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, fat-soluble vitamins, and protein. They are formed by intestinal cells after the digestion of lipid-containing foods.
Lipoprotein
A group of soluble proteins that combine with and transport fat or other lipids in the blood plasma.
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
An enzyme that breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids.
what are the main fats that should make up a majority of your fat intake
monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats
What is the optimal ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids in the diet?
About 4:1
What enzyme is responsible for most of the breakdown of ingested lipids into fatty acids?
Lipoprotein lipase
