chapter 6 lesson 3 Flashcards
Cardiorespiratory, Endocrine, and Digestive systems.
what does the term endocrine mean
“Hormone secreting”
What does the Endocrine effect
All forms of human function, muscle contractions, digestive, emotional etc.
what does the endocrine system consist of
consists of host organs (known as glands), chemical messengers (hormones), and target (receptor) cells
Lipolysis
The breakdown and utilization of fat for energy.
Enzyme
speed up chemical reactions within the body, facilitating vital processes like digestion, metabolism, and cell growth. .
Glands
Organs that release substances into the bloodstream (such as hormones) or other surface of the body.
Hormone
Chemical messenger released from a gland that travels to cells to activate a specific function.
Target (receptor) cell
Cell that receives a message from a hormone or enzyme. Target cells exert an action after being stimulated or activated.
The primary endocrine glands are
Hypothalamus, pineal, pancreas, thyroid, pituitary, adrenal and reproductive glands.
where is the pineal, hypothalamus and pituitary located.
The brain.
why are the pituitary and hypothalamus known as
“master Glands”
Many of the hormones produced in this region directly influence the activities of other glands
Hypothalamus
A gland located in the brain that communicates with the pituitary gland.
Pineal gland
A small gland in the brain that secretes the hormone melatonin, which helps regulate sleep cycles.
Pancreas
An organ with numerous functions, including the production of insulin, glucagon, and digestive juices.
Thyroid gland
An endocrine gland, located in the anterior neck, responsible for the secretion of many hormones, including thyroxin and calcitonin.
Pituitary gland
An endocrine gland that controls the secretion of many hormones, including growth hormone.
Adrenal gland
A gland, located just above the kidneys, responsible for the secretion of catecholamines and cortisol.
Reproductive glands
Glands, such as the ovaries or testes, that serve sex-specific functions.
substrates
Intermediate forms of nutrients (carbs and fats) used in metabolic reactions to create adenosine triphosphate. (ATP)
Insulin
A hormone secreted by the pancreas that is responsible for glucose metabolism.
Substrates
Intermediate forms of nutrients used in metabolic reactions to create adenosine triphosphate.
Glycogen
Glucose that is deposited and stored in bodily tissues, such as the liver and muscle cells; the storage form of carbohydrate.
Growth hormone
Growth hormone is produced by our brain’s pituitary gland and governs our height, bone length and muscle growth.
Catecholamines
Hormones produced by the adrenal glands that are part of the stress response known as the fight-or-flight response.
Catabolic
Metabolic process that breaks down molecules into smaller units used for energy.
Gluconeogenesis
The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (proteins and fats).
Overtraining
Excessive frequency, volume, or intensity of training, resulting in reduction of performance, which is also caused by a lack of proper rest and recovery.
Testosterone
A hormone producing secondary male sex characteristics.
Anabolic
Metabolic process that synthesizes smaller molecules into larger units used for building and repairing tissues.
Insulin-like growth factors (IGF
Anabolic hormone produced by the liver, which is responsible for growth and development.
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
The amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest.
Calcitonin
Thyroid hormone that helps the body use calcium properly to aid with maintaining bone mineral density
Glucose intolerance
A condition that results in elevated blood glucose levels.
