Chapter 5 lesson 1 Flashcards
what are the three system within the human body
Nervous system, skeletal system, muscular system.
kinetic chain
A concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement. (Muscles, bones, joints and nerves.)
what is a neuron
Specialized cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system.
what are “nerves” in the body made of
nerves are known as a grouping or neurons that are connected throughout the body that give and take information and signals sent through whats known as dendrites and terminals.
What are organelles?
Tiny cellular structures that perform specific functions within a cell.
Can you name some examples of organelles?
Examples include nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum.
What are effector sites?
Effector sites are parts of the body, such as muscles or organs, that receive signals from neurons to produce physiological responses.
Electrolytes
Minerals that have an electrical charge to help transmit nerve impulses throughout the body, such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium.
What does CNS stand for?
CNS stands for the central nervous system.
What are the main components of the central nervous system?
The main components of the CNS are the brain and the spinal cord.
What is the primary function of the central nervous system?
The primary function of the CNS is to coordinate the activity of all parts of the body.
What does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) consist of?
The PNS consists of nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body and the external environment.
What is the role of the nerves in the PNS?
The nerves of the PNS allow the CNS to receive sensory input, integrate the information, and send a response to the rest of the body.
how many peripheral nerves does the spine and cranial (brain area) consist of?
31 pairs of spinal and 12 cranial nerves.
What is an afferent pathway?
A sensory pathway that relays information to the central nervous system.
Where are interneurons located?
Interneurons are only located within the spinal cord and the brain.
What is the function of interneurons?
They transmit impulses between the afferent and efferent neurons.
What are mechanoreceptors?
Specialized structures that respond to mechanical forces (touch and pressure) within tissues and then transmit signals through sensory nerves.
your bodies response to an involuntary movement that you were not aware of is called what
Reflex
what is the autonomic nervous system
nerves that are apart of the PNS in charge of involuntary processes (circulating blood, breathing, digesting food)
what is the somatic nervous system
Nerves that serve the outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle and are largely responsible for the voluntary control of movement.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
Subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that works to increase neural activity and put the body in a heightened state.
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
Subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that works to decrease neural activity and put the body in a more relaxed state.
What is sensory function?
Ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either the internal or external environment.
What is proprioception?
The body’s ability to naturally sense its general orientation and relative position of its parts.
What is the integrative function of the nervous system?
The ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information for proper decision-making, resulting in an appropriate response.
What is motor function?
The neuromuscular response to the integrated sensory information.
What are muscle spindles?
Sensory receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change.
What is a stretch reflex?
A neurological signal from the muscle spindle that causes a muscle to contract to prevent excessive lengthening.
What is a specialized sensory receptor
A specialized sensory receptor that is sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of tension change.
Example: This receptor helps in monitoring the force exerted by muscles during movement.
What are joint receptors?
Receptors located in and around the joint capsule that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint.
What is neuroplasticity?
The concept that the brain will continually change or grow, reforming neural pathways throughout an individual’s entire life span.
What is neurocircuitry?
The interconnection of neurons in the brain and spinal cord.
What are motor skills?
Specific movements through the coordinated effort of the sensory and motor subsystems.
What are mechanoreceptors?
Specialized structures that respond to mechanical forces (touch and pressure) within tissues and then transmit signals through sensory nerves.
nociceptors
respond to pain
chemo receptors
respond to chemical interactions like smell and taste
photoreceptors
respond to light
