chapter 9 lesson 3 Flashcards
Carbohydrates
Compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen molecules that include simple sugars, complex carbohydrates, glycogen, and fiber.
monosaccharides
simplest form of carbohydrate: single sugar molecules.
what are corbohydrates generally categorized into what
simple sugars, complex carbohydrates, glycogen, fiber.
Disaccharides
Two monosaccharides joined together to form a simple sugar. The three disaccharides of nutritional importance include lactose, sucrose, and maltose.
what sugars can be identified as monosaccharides
glucose, fructose, and galactose.
what sugars can be identified as disaccharides
sucrose, maltose, lactose
Polysaccharides
A type of carbohydrate composed of long chains of glucose units; starch and glycogen are examples of polysaccharides.
Glycogen
Glucose that is deposited and stored in bodily tissues, such as the liver and muscle cells; the storage form of carbohydra
Fiber
An indigestible carbohydrate present in plant foods, such as fruit, vegetables, and legumes.
Adipose tissue
An alternative term for fat, used primarily to store energy.
Complex carbohydrates
Polysaccharides; long chains of simple sugars. Examples include whole grains, legumes, and vegetables.
Glycemic index (GI)
Number (0–100) assigned to a food source that represents the rise in blood sugar after consuming the food.
Glycemic load (GL)
Similar to glycemic index but takes into account the amount of food (carbohydrate) eaten.
Muscle protein synthesis
Process by which new muscle proteins are formed and a muscle grows or repairs at the molecular level.
