Chapter 8 lesson 2 Flashcards
mechanical work
The physical processes that move the body and keep it alive, such as muscle contraction.
adenosine diphosphate
A high energy compound occurring in all cells from which adenosine triphosphate is formed.
Phosphorylation
The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, such as in the transfer of a phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate to create adenosine triphosphate.
ATP-PC System
An energy system that provides energy very rapidly, for approximately 10–15 seconds, via anaerobic metabolism.
Glycolysis
A metabolic process that occurs in the cytosol of a cell that converts glucose into pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate. Anaerobic glycolysis refers to when this process occurs in the absence of oxygen.
Aerobic
Processes relating to, involving, or requiring oxygen.
Oxidative phosphorylation
A series of reactions inside the mitochondria that uses oxygen to produce adenosine triphosphate.
deamination
The breakdown of amino acids into substrates that can be used for energy metabolism.
what is the citric acid cycle (CAC)
describes the last step of cellular respiration wherein glucose, with the help of oxygen from the lungs or bloodstream, is broken down into carbon dioxide and wate
mitochandria
The parts of the cell that use nutrients to create energy for the cell; commonly known as the powerhouses of the cell.
Electron transport chain (ETC)
A series of protein complexes that transfer protons and electrons received from the citric acid cycle through a series of reactions to create adenosine triphosphate.
Acetyl coenzyme A
Produced by the breakdown of carbohydrates through glycolysis and by the fatty acids through beta-oxidation and is the precursor for these substrates to the citric acid cycle.
Beta-oxidation
The first step in the process to break down fats via oxidative phosphorylation.
What is ATP made of
a complex molecule made of Adenine, Ribose and 3 phosphates. giving it its “Tri” phosphate name
what happens when ATP is utilized
It leaves behind ADP
what is the end goal for making energy through food and synthesizing
produce more atp
What are the 3 energy systems that create atp in the human body
Atp-pc, glycolytic and oxidative
what is the primary energy system for a long lasting activity
oxidative
what happens to atp after a muscle contraction
it is turned into adp which it will then bind to a free phosphate to then recharge back into its atp state
where does glycolysis happen in a cell
the cytosol
what is pyruvate
it is most commonly known as the final product in glycolysis
what happens when oxygen can be delivered fast enough for the production of ATP
The release of Lactic acid
what is oxidative phosphorylation
a process that involves oxygen to convert food substrates into adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
what are the three substrates used in the oxidative system
Free fatty acids, Glucose and Amino Acids
why is oxidative phosphorylation considered an arobic process
because it needs Oxygen to complete the process
what do all food substrates in the oxidative phosphorylation process have to go through before they can enter the citric acid cycle or “krebs” cycle
the pyruvate and acetyl-CoA
