chapter 7 lesson 5 Flashcards
Force
is defined as the interaction between two entities or bodies that results in either the acceleration or deceleration of an object
Length-tension relationship
The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length.
Resting length
The length of a muscle when it is not actively contracting or being stretched.
Actin
The thin, stringlike, myofilament that acts along with myosin to produce muscular contraction.
Myosin
The thick myofilament that acts along with actin to produce muscular contraction.
Sarcomere
The structural unit of a myofibril composed of actin and myosin filaments between two Z-lines.
Muscle balance
When all muscles surrounding a joint have optimal length-tension relationships, allowing the joint to rest in a neutral position.
Altered length-tension relationship
When a muscle’s resting length is too short or too long, reducing the amount of force it can produce.
Reciprocal inhibition
When an agonist receives a signal to contract, its functional antagonist also receives an inhibitory signal allowing it to lengthen.
Altered reciprocal inhibition
Occurs when an overactive agonist muscle decreases the neural drive to its functional antagonist.
Muscle imbalance
When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships.
Neutral position
The optimal resting position of a joint that allows it to function efficiently through its entire normal range of motion.
Reciprocal inhibition
When an agonist receives a signal to contract, its functional antagonist also receives an inhibitory signal allowing it to lengthen.
Altered reciprocal inhibition
Occurs when an overactive agonist muscle decreases the neural drive to its functional antagonist.
Muscle imbalance
When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships.
Neutral position
The optimal resting position of a joint that allows it to function efficiently through its entire normal range of motion.
Stretch-shortening cycle
Loading of a muscle eccentrically to prepare it for a rapid concentric contraction.
Series elastic component
Springlike noncontractile component of muscle and tendon that stores elastic energy.
Amortization phase
The transition from eccentric loading to concentric unloading during the stretch-shortening cycle.
Stretch reflex
Neurological signal from the muscle spindle that causes a muscle to contract to prevent excessive lengthening.
Integrated performance paradigm
To move with efficiency, forces must be dampened (eccentrically), stabilized (isometrically), and then accelerated (concentrically).
Force-couple relationship
The synergistic action of multiple muscles working together to produce movement around a joint.
Tendon
A fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.
Force-couple relationship
The synergistic action of multiple muscles working together to produce movement around a joint.
Joint support systems
Muscular stabilization systems located in joints distal of the spine.
LOCAL MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Local muscles generally attach on or near the vertebrae and serve the primary purpose of stabilizing the trunk of the body.
DEEP LONGITUDINAL SUBSYSTEM
The deep longitudinal subsystem (DLS) includes muscles of the lower leg, hamstrings, and lower back region. this subsystem reacts during gait (walking or running)
POSTERIOR OBLIQUE SUBSYSTEM
The posterior oblique subsystem (POS) is made up of the latissimus dorsi, thoracolumbar fascia (connective tissue of the low-back), and contralateral gluteus maximus.
ANTERIOR OBLIQUE SUBSYSTEM
The anterior oblique subsystem (AOS) is similar to the POS, just on the anterior side of the body
LATERAL SUBSYSTEM
The lateral subsystem (LS) is made up of the lateral hip (gluteus medius) and medial thigh muscles (adductors) and the contralateral quadratus lumborum, all of which provide movement in the frontal plane
what is the Global Muscular system in charge of
it is compromised of larger muscles that initiate movements and tend to function across one or more joints. interconnected function that transfer forces through the lumbo-pelvic-hip-complex to create the most efficient movement.
Rotary motion
Movement of the bones around the joints.
Torque
Torque is a measurement of the amount of force that can cause an object to rotate around an axis. Torque relies on force
