chapter 6 Flashcards
cardiorespiratory, endocrine, digestive systems
what is the cardiorespiratory system made up of.
composed of the heart blood, blood vessels, lungs, and airways.
thoracic cavity
chamber within the chest that contains the heart and lungs.
where is the heart located
in between the left and right lung in an area known as the mediastinum.
how big is the human heart
The human heart is approximately the size of an adult fist, 300 grams or 10 oz,
what are the three types of muscles found in the body
cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle.
skeletal muscle
the type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement.
smooth muscle
An involuntary nonstraited muscle type that is found in organs
myofibrils
a long, cylindrical contractile structure found within a muscle fiber, composed of repeating units called sarcomeres, which contain protein filaments (actin and myosin) responsible for muscle contraction
Sarcomere
A sarcomere comprises two main protein filaments (thin actin and thick myosin filaments) which are the active structures responsible for muscular contraction.
Atrium
superior chamber of th e heart that gathers blood returning to the heart
ventricle
inferior chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs and body
ventricle
inferior chamber of the heart that pumps blood the the lungs and body
intercalated discs
help hold cardiac muscle cells together during contraction and create an electrical connection between the cells which allows the heart to contract as one functional unit
resting heart rate (RHR)
known as a pulse, means the number of times the heart contracts per minute while at rest.
what is a normal range for beats per minute
60 to 100
endurance athletes may have the “RHR” of how many beats per second?
40 - 60
where is the sinoatrial node located
right atrium
what is the sinoatrial node of the heart referred to
“the pacemaker of the heart”
where is the atrioventricular node located
between the atria and ventricles.
what is the atrioventricular node responsible for
conducting electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles of the heart.
what is the sinoatrial node responsible for.
The SA (sinoatrial) node generates an electrical signal that causes the upper heart chambers (atria) to contract
what is stroke volume
the amount of blood pumped out of the heart as stroke volume.
End-diastolic volume
the amount of blood in the heart’s ventricles after they’ve filled with blood but before they contract
End-systolic volume
the volume of blood remaining in the ventricle after ejection
heart rate
The measurement of the number of t8mes a heart beats within a specified time period
bradycardia
when the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute.
Tachycardia
When the heart rate is greater than 100 beats per minute.
cardiac output
the overall performance of the heart
blood
fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins.
what are the three kinds of blood cells
red blood, white blood, and platlets.
what does red blood do
carries oxygen from the lungs throughout the body
what do white blood cells do
help fight infections
what do platelets do
help with clotting
what percentage does plasma make in blood
55%
what is the remaining 45 percent of blood in the human body made of
red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
blood vessels
Network of hollow tubes that circulates blood thought-out the body
arteries
carry blood away from the heart and to the lungs
what is the largest artery in the body
Aorta
arterioles
are smaller medium sized arteries that are divided.
capillaries s
the smallest blood vessels in the body. serve as a connection point where arterioles transition to venules and as sites of element exchange between blood and tissue
veins
carry deoxygenated blood
venules
small veins that allows blood to drain from capillaries into the larger veins.
vasculogenesis
the formation of new capillaries.
angiogenesis
is the expansion of existing blood vessels
which “vessels” carry oxygenated blood
arteries and arterioles.
which “vessels” carry Deoxygenated blood?
veins
at what site do the arteries and venules meet at?
capillaries
venous pooling
the accumulation of blood into the extremities due to slow blood flow though the vein or backflow.
Blood pressure (BP)
The outward pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls; reported as systolic/ diastolic.
Peripheral resistance
The amount of resistance in the arteries that must be overcome for blood to flow.
