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League of Legends S11 > Chapter 9 : Biomolecules > Flashcards

Chapter 9 : Biomolecules Flashcards

1
Q

How do we prepare a substance for anaylsis?

A

we take the sample and grind it with Cl3CCOH using a mortar. Out of which we get a thick slurry. When we strain it with a cheese cloth we obtain tow fraction one acid soluble and the other acid insoluble

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2
Q

What are biomolecules?

A

the various compounds that are found in a living organism is called biomolecules

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3
Q

What do you mean by wet weight?

A

the total weight of the tissue without drying

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4
Q

What is dry weight?

A

the weight of the tissue after drying

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5
Q

What id ash?

A

the substance formed after burning a dry tissue is called ash

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6
Q

What are the compounds in the ash?

A

Ca, Mg, Sulphate, phosphate, hydrogen, ocygen, chlorine

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7
Q

Which is the alpha amino acid?

A

the C atom in an amino group which binds to the R is called the alpha Carbon

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8
Q

Number of different types of R in proteins ?

A

20

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9
Q

What is glycine?

A

H-

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10
Q

What is alanine?

A

HH3-

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11
Q

What is serine ?

A

CH2-OH

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12
Q

Name an acidic R?

A

glutamic acid

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13
Q

Name a basic R?

A

lysine , arganine

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14
Q

Name a neutral R?

A

valine

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15
Q

What is the zwitterionic form ?

A

where all the ions are shown in an amino acid when immersed in water

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16
Q

Number of carbon in palmitic acid?

A

16

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17
Q

Number of carbon in archidnic acid?

A

20

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18
Q

Name the iupac name of glycerol ?

A

tri hyroxy propane

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19
Q

What are phospholipids?

A

the lipids with a phosphate group is called phospholipid.

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20
Q

Give some examples of nucleosides?

A

adenine , guanine , cytosine ,uracil and thymine

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21
Q

Give some example of nucleotide ?

A

adenosine, guanosine,cytidine,thhymidine,uridine

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22
Q

Give some examples of primary metabolites?

A

H,C,N,O,N,S,Na etc

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23
Q

Give some examples of secondary metabolites?

A 
pigments
alkaloids
terpenoids
essential oils
toxins etc
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24
Q

Give some examples of pigments?

A

carotenoids, anthocyanins

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25
Q

Give some examples of alkaloids?

A

morphine,codeine

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26
Q

Give some examples of terpanoids?

A

monoterpenes, diterpenes

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27
Q

Give some examples of essential oils?

A

lemon grass oil

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28
Q

Give some examples of toxins?

A

abrin, ricin

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29
Q

Give some examples of lectins?

A

concanavaline A

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30
Q

Give some examples of drugs?

A

curcumin , vinoblastin, dopa

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31
Q

Give some some examples of polymeric substance?

A

rubber, gums , cellulose

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32
Q

What is a micro molecule?

A

those molecules whose wights are less than 1000 dalton are micro molecules or biological molecules.

acid soluble

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33
Q

What are macro molecules?

A

those molecules whose weight is less than 1000 dalton is called macro molecules

acid insoluble

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34
Q

Why are lipids found in the macromoleular fraction?

A

because lipids in membranes after dissociating forms a bubble or vesicles which are not soluble and hence the lipids get into the insoluble fraction along with other macro colecules

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35
Q

What are the substance present in the acid pool after the dissociation ?

A

all the cytoplasmic composition

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36
Q

What are proteins ?

A

thses are polypeptides. They are linear chain of amino acids linked by polypeptide bonds.

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37
Q

What are homopolymer?

A

those polymer with only one repeating monomer

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38
Q

What are hetero polymer?

A

those polymers with more than one monomer unit is called hetero polymer

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39
Q

What are essential amino acids?

A

those amino acids that are not produced in our bodies are called essential amino acids

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40
Q

What are non essential amino acids?

A

those amino acids that are a produced in our bodies are called non essential amino acids.

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41
Q

What are some of the functions of amino acids?

A

they help in transport of nutrients across the cell membrane , some fight infections, some are hormones and some are enzymes

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42
Q

Which is the most abundant protein in animals?

A

Collagen

43
Q

Which is the most abundant protein in the whole biosphere?

A

Ribulose biphosphate Carboxylase Oxygenase ( RuBisCo)

44
Q

What is the function of collagen?

A

intercellular ground substance

45
Q

What is the function of Trypsin?

A

it is an enzyme

46
Q

What is the function of insulin ?

A

hormone

47
Q

What is the function of antibody?

A

fights infections

48
Q

What is the function of receptors?

A

sensory receptions

49
Q

What is the function of GLUT-4?

A

enables glucose transport into the cell

50
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

they are long chains of sugar

51
Q

is cellulose a homopolymer?

A

yes

52
Q

name the polysaccharide used by animal to store food?

A

glycogen

53
Q

Name the polysaccharide used by plants to store food>

A

starch

54
Q

Name the starch that contains I2?

A

starch-I2

55
Q

What is the color of starch I2?

A

blue

56
Q

What is the paper made up of ?

A

cellulosic

57
Q

Give some examples of modified sugar?

A

glucosamide, N-acetyl

58
Q

Give some examples of modified sugar?

A

glucosamide, N-acetyl galactosamine

59
Q

What is the building block of nucleotide?

A

nucleic acid

60
Q

What are the two purines?

A

adenine , guanine

61
Q

What are the two types of pyrimidines?

A

thymine, cytosine

62
Q

What are the two types of sugar in nucleic acid ?

A

ribose( monosaccharide pentose)

2’ deoxyribose in (DNA)

63
Q

What are the four ways in which we can describe the structure of a protein ?

A

primary
secondary
tertairy
quarternary

64
Q

What are the two teriminal of an amino acid?

A

N terminus

C terminus `

65
Q

What are the two subunits of haemoglobin ?

A

alpha

beta

66
Q

How are the vaious amino acids linked to each other in a polypeptide ? (name the bond )

A

Peptide

67
Q

What do you mean by dehydration reaction?

A

the process by which two amino acids are joint with the release of water

68
Q

Which bond is responsible for joining the various monomers of the polymers?

A

glycosidic bond

69
Q

How many hydrogen bond form the AT?

A

2

70
Q

How many hydrogen bond form the GC?

A

3

71
Q

Who introduced the secondary structure of DNA?

A

Warson and Crick

72
Q

By how much does each strands in a DNA turn ?

A

36

73
Q

What is the distance between two neucleotide? B DNA

A

3.4 A

74
Q

What is the meaning of turn over?

A

the constant change of a bio molecule from one form to another

75
Q

What is the meaning of metabolism?

A

the sum of all chemical reaction in an organism

76
Q

What is the meaning of metabolic reaction ?

A

the series of pathways which are responsible for the conversion of a chemical from one form to another

77
Q

What do you mean by dynamic state of body constituents?

A

flow of metabolities through the metabolic pathway

78
Q

What do you mean by catalysed reaction?

A

the metabolic reaction which which are catalysed by enzymes is called catalysed reaction

79
Q

What are enzymes?

A

the proteins which have the power to catalyse chemical reaction is called enzyme

80
Q

Which chemical are used to form cholesterol?

A

acetic acid

81
Q

What is the meaning of catabolic reaction ?

A

the chemical reaction which leads to break down of the metabolite is called catabolic reaction

82
Q

Which is the energy currency?

A

ATP

83
Q

What are the neucleic acid tha behave like enzyme called ?

A

ribozyme

84
Q

What are the active sites?

A

those pockets in an enzyme where the substrate fits is called active sites

85
Q

What are thermophillic enzymes?

A

those enzymes that stays in high temperature are known as thermophillic enzyme

86
Q

What is the meaning of physical process?

A

the change which refers to the change in the shape of the substance

87
Q

What is the meaning of chemical reaction?

A

the reactions where new bonds are formed and old bonds are broken

88
Q

How many metabolic reactions are involved in the conversion of glucose from pyruvate?

A

substrate

89
Q

What is teh catalytic cycle of an enzyme?

A

1) S+E
2) SE
3) SP
4) S + P

90
Q

How does the functionning of the enzyme chaneg with the change of temp and ph?

A

first it increasses and then it slows down

91
Q

What is the meaning of inhibition?

A

the binding of a chemical to the enzyme that stops it from functioning is called inhibition

92
Q

What are inhibitor?

A

the chemicals that stops the functioning of the enzyme

93
Q

What is the meaning of cometitive inhibitor?

A

the chemcals that closely resembles the substrate and and inhibits the functioning of the enzyme

94
Q

What re the different types of enzymes?

A

1) Oxidoreductases/dehydrogenases
2) Transferase
3) Hydrolases
4) Lysases
5) Isomerase
6) Ligase

95
Q

What are cofactors ?

A

these are the chemicals that binds to the enzyme for the active functioning of the enzymes .

96
Q

What are the types of cofactors ?

A

1) prosthetic cofactors
2) Co enzyme
3) Metal ions

97
Q

What is the meaning of apoenzyme?

A

the enzyme part of the enzyme co factor complex is called apoenzyme

98
Q

What are the prosthetic groups ?

A

these are the organic compounds that are permanently to the enzyme

99
Q

What are co enzymes?

A

these are the enzymes that are bound to the enzyme only to catalyze the chemical reaction

100
Q

Give an example of prosthetic enzyme ?

A

peroxidase and catalase catalyze the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen , haem is hte prosthetic part of the prosthetic group

101
Q

Give an example of co enzyme ?

A

NAD : nicotamide adenine dinucleate

NADP

102
Q

How does metal ions help in catalysing the chemical reaction?

A

they help in the activating the enzymes

103
Q

Give an example of metal ion that catalyze chemical reaction?

A

zinc is the cofactor for the proteolytic enzyme proteolytic enzyme carboxypeptidase

League of Legends S11 (22 decks)

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