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League of Legends S11 > Chapter 20 : Locomotion and Movement > Flashcards

Chapter 20 : Locomotion and Movement Flashcards

1
Q

how does movmene ttake place in amoeba?

A

protoplasmic streaming

micro filaments are also used in the movmenet

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2
Q

How does movemnet take place in paramoecium ?

A

cillia

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3
Q

How and wehre does the paramoecium take the food inside its body / cell?

A

with the help of cillia it diverts the food into the cytopharynx

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4
Q

how does hydra move andcapture food?

A

with teh helpp of tentacles

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5
Q

All locomotions are movemnet but all movements are not locomotion?

A

true

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6
Q

What are the three types of movemnet shown in humnan bodies?

A

amoeboid : amcrophage and leukocytes
cilliary : cilliated epithelium , tracheaae, fallopian tube
muscular : tingue , limbs etc

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7
Q

from which germ layer does the muscles originate from?

A

mesoderm

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8
Q

What are the types of muslces on the basis of location? Where are they found?

A

skeletal ( assocaited to skeletal system)
visceral (inner walls of hollow organs)
cardiac muscles ( present in the heart)

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9
Q

What is fascia made up of ?

A

collagenous tissue

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10
Q

What acts as a store house of Ca++ ions in teh muscle cell?

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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11
Q

What is the light band and the dark band composed of?

A

light ; actin (I band )

dark : myosin (A band )

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12
Q

Which is caleld the thick and thin filaments?

A

thick : myoson

think : actin

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13
Q

What is present in the middle of an I band?

A

Z line that connect the actin fibres

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14
Q

What is presnet in the middle of the A band?

A

M line

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15
Q

What is the funcitonal unit of the muslce?

A

hte region between the two Z line is caleld ht sarcomere and is the funcitonal unit

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16
Q

What is Hzone>

A

the area in the middle where there is no overlap of actin and myosin is called H zone

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17
Q

What are F actin and G actin?

A

F actin is made up of G actin

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18
Q

What are the two other protien presnet on the actin filament?

A

tropnin and tropomyosin

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19
Q

What masks the active bnding sirtes of myosin on actin ?

A

troponin

but in reality the troponin binds to the tropomyosin which binds to the actin

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20
Q

What is the myosin composed of ?

A

it is composed of meromyoson

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21
Q

What are the components of meromyoson?

A

HMM ( head and cross arm)

LMM

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22
Q

What is present in the head of a meromyosin??

A

ATPase enzyme and binding site for ATP and active sites for actin

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23
Q

Which theory shows the contraction of muscles?

A

sliding filaments theory

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24
Q

What initiates the contraction of hte muslces?

A

a signal sent from teh CNS

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25
Q

What is motor unit

A

neuron and the muscles together are called motor unti

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26
Q

What is the motor end plate? ad what is it also knowns as?

A

the juncito between the muscle and the neuron is called the motor end plate and is also known as the neuromusclar junction q

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27
Q

What leads to teh unmaking of the actin filaments?

A

increase in Ca ions

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28
Q

What releases the Ca ions in teh mcueles?

A

the spread of action potential in the muscles leads to teh release fo Ca++ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

29
Q

What leads to the unmaksing of the active binding sites in the muslces?

A

bindng of Ca++ to the tropnonin which uncovers the binding sites of the actin and thus leading to myosin binding to it

30
Q

Where are the Ca++ pumped back into ?

A

they are pumpoed back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

31
Q

What leads to fatigue?

A

repeated activation leads to the accumulation of lactic acid int eh muscles which leads to fatigue

32
Q

What leads to accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles?

A

due to the anaerobic breakdown of glycogen in the msucles

33
Q

What is the concentration of myoglobin the red and white muscles fibres?

A

red muscles had more myoglobin

34
Q

Which muslces has more number of saroplasmic reticulum?

A

white fibres have more sarcoplasmic reticulum than red

35
Q

Which muslces has more number of mitocondria ?

A

white has more mitochondria than red

36
Q

Which depends on anaerobic reticulum for energy?

A

white fibres have anaerobic respiration for energy

37
Q

What type of tissue are bone and cartilage?

A

they are specialized connective tissue

38
Q

What makes bone very hard and what makes cartilage pliable?

A

bone: ca salts
cardilage: condriotin

39
Q

How many bones does a humna have? How many axial and how many appendicular?

A

206
axial : 80
appendicular; 126

40
Q

What are hte bones of the axial bone system?

A 
skull (22)
malleus incus stapes (6) 
hyoid (1)  
vertebrate (26) 
ribs (24) 
sternum (1)
41
Q

What are the bones of the appendicular system?

A

120 in limbs
pectoral ( scapula , clavicle) : 4
pelvic girdle (2)

42
Q

How does the skull and the first vertebrae articulate with each other?

A

central hollow portion

NEURAL CANAL

43
Q

Why are the bones in the vertebrae?

A 
vertebrae:
7 cervical
12 thoracci 
5 lumbar
1 sacral (5) 
1 coccygeal  (4)
44
Q

What are hte different types of ribs?

A

true : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,
flase: 8,9,10
floating ribs: 11, 12

45
Q

What are the composition o the rib cage ?

A

vertebrae. rbs, sternum

46
Q

What are the bones in the fore limb?

A 
humerus 
radicle 
ulna 
carpals (8)
meta carpels (5) 
phalanges (14)
47
Q

What are the bones in the hind limb?

A 
femur 
patella 
tibia 
fibula 
tarsals (7) 
meta tarsels (5) 
phallenges (14)
48
Q

What is the pectoral girdle composed of?

A

scapula

clavicle

49
Q

What is the pelvic girdle composed of ?

A

2 coxal bone

50
Q

What is the acetabulum composed of?

A

illleum , ischim, pubis

51
Q

What is the obturator foramen composed of?

A

pubis , ischium

52
Q

How are clavicle and humerus connected to teh scapula ?

A

clavicle : scapula (ACROMIUM)

humerus : scapula (GLENOID)

53
Q

How many curvatures are the there in teh clavicle?

A

2 curvatures

54
Q

How are the two pubis symphisis connected to each other?

A

fibrous cartilage

55
Q

What is the sutures composed of ?

A

firbous connetive tissue

56
Q

What is the tissue that connects in the vertebrae and sternum?

A

hyoid tissue

57
Q

Where are cartilage joints prenset?

A

pubic sysmphsis

vertebrae

58
Q

Where is ball and socket bone prenset?

A

humerus and pectoral

59
Q

Where is hindge joint prenst?

A

knee joint

60
Q

Where is pivot joint prenset?

A

atlas and axis

61
Q

Where is gliding joint prenst?

A

carpals

62
Q

Where is saddle joint prenseT?

A

carpels and meta carpels in the thumbs

63
Q

Where is condylar joint present?

A

in the skull

64
Q

myasthemis gravis

A

auto immune disorder affecting neurotransmitter junction leading to fatigue

weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscle

65
Q

muscular dystropy

A

progressive degenerative of skeletal muscle mostly due to genetic disorder

66
Q

tetany

A

rapid spasms

due to low Ca++

67
Q

arthiritis

A

inflammation of joint s

68
Q

osteoporosis

A

age related
less bone mass
increase chance of fractures
decreased level of estrogen is a common cause

69
Q

gout

A

inflammation of joints to accumulation of uric acid crystals

League of Legends S11 (22 decks)

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