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League of Legends S11 > Chapter 2 : Biological Classification > Flashcards

Chapter 2 : Biological Classification Flashcards

1
Q

How did aristotle classifiy animals and plants?

A

herbs , shrubs , trees

rbc prenset and rbc absent

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2
Q

Who discovered the two kingdom classification?

A

LInneua

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3
Q

Who and when was teh five kingdom classification proposed? What were the five kingdoms? What were the criterions used?

A

1969 by RH Whittaker
monera , protista, fungi , plantae, animalia

cell structure, nutrition , body organization, reproduction and PHLYOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION

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4
Q

What was the new kingdom in the six kingdom classification?

A

arachebacteria

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5
Q

What are the four types of bacteria on the basis of shape?

A

bacillus , coccus , spirilla and vibrio

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6
Q

What are the types of arachae bacteira?

A

halophiles , acido philes , methanogens

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7
Q

What is the charecteristic feature of eubacteira?

A

a cell wall and flagella if motile

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8
Q

What is the pigment present in cyanobacteira?

A

chl a

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9
Q

Name some cynobacteria that can fix nitrogen?

A

nostoc , anabaena

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10
Q

What is the most abundant type of bacteira?

A

hetertrophic

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11
Q

How does a bacteria reproduce?

A

binary fission

when unfavourable : spore

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12
Q

Which is the only bacteria that doesn’t have a cell wall?

A

mycoplasma

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13
Q

What is the smallest living organism?

A

mycoplasma

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14
Q

Is mycoplasma aerobic or anaerobic?

A

anaerobic

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15
Q

In which kingdom are the boundaries are not defined properly?

A

protista

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16
Q 
What are the charecters of chyrosophyte ?
types 
habitat 
autotroph / heteotroph 
cell wall 
haploid / diploid
how food stored
pigments
A 
diatoms , desmids ( golden algae) 
in marine environment and fresh water 
photosynthetic 
cellulose with silica  (soap box) 
2n
leucosin , oil 
a,c , fucoxnathin
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17
Q

Who are the cheif producers of the sea?

A

diatoms

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18
Q

What are the charecters of dinoflagellates?

1) habitat
2) cell wall
3) flagella
4) pigmnets
5) stored food
6) genetic material

A

1) mostly marine
2) cellulose plates
3) two flagella , longi , transverse
4) a, c, dinoxanthin , didinoxanthin
5) starch
6) meskaryote ( no histone , but nuclear membrane)

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19
Q

Which organism are called the golden algae?

A

desmids

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20
Q

Who are responsible for red tides ?

A

gonyaulax

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21
Q

What are hte dinoflagellates that cause bioluminesces?

A

noctillucca and gonyaulax

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22
Q

What are the cahrecters of euglenoids?

1) cell wal
2) flagella
3) pigment s
4) stored food

A

1) no cell wall have pelllice ( protien )
2) 2 flagella , funcitonal and non funcitonal
3) a , b , zeoxanthiphyll
4) paramylum and fats

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23
Q

WHo are the saprotrohic protists?

A

slime moulds

24
Q

When do slime moulds form plasmodium and what happens when the conditions changed?

A

favourable conditions : plasmodium

unfavourable : it forms fruiting bodies which has sopres on tips

25
Q

Do the sopres of slime moulds have cell wall?

A

yes they have true cell wall which is very resistant

26
Q

Who are the primitive relatives of animals?

A

protozaons

27
Q

What are the types of protozaons? Give their examples?

A

1) amoeboid :amoeba , entamoeba
2) flagellated : trypanosoma
3) cilliated : paramoecium
4) sporozoans : plasmodium (malaria)

28
Q

What is the use of yeast?

A

bread and beer

29
Q

Who are known as the cosmopolitan ?

A

fungi

30
Q

How deos asexual reproduction take place in fungi/

A

conidia, sporangiospores and zoospores

31
Q

How deoes sexual reproduction take place in fungi?

A

oospores , ascospores and basidiospores

32
Q

In which fungi do we see a dikaryotic stage in the sexual reproduction?

A

ascomycetes and basidiomycetes

33
Q

where does the formation of spores take place ?

A

in the fruiting bodies

34
Q

What is the basis of classiication of the fungi kingdom?

A

the morphology of mycelium
mode of spore formation
fruiting bodies

35
Q

What are the charecters of phycomycetes?

1) habitat
2) myclium
3) asexual reproduction
4) the spore formation is endogenous or exogenous?
5) types of gametes in sexual reproduction ?

A

1) decaying wood , moist and damp areas
2) aseptate and coenocytic
3) by oospore and zygospore
4) the sexual spores is formed endogenous
5) isogamous , oogamous , anisogamous

36
Q

Give some examples of phycomycetes?

A

zygomycetes:
rhizopus and mucor

oomycetes:
albugo ( late blight in potato / famine in ireland )

37
Q

What are the cahracters of ascomycetes?

1) habitata
2) myclium
3) asexual spores producing bodies
4) how are sexual spores produced

A

1) saprophytic, parasitic and coprophagic
2) branched and septate
3) conidia
4) ascospores

38
Q

Give some examples of ascospores?

A

1) penicillium
2) aspergilus
3) claviceps : LSD , ergot’s disease
4) neurospora
4) morel and truffles (edible )

39
Q

What are the cahracters of basidiomycetes ?

1) habitata
2) myclium
3) asexual spores producing bodies
4) how are sexual spores produced

A

1) soil, logs , tree
2) branched and septate
3) asexual sopres are not found but begetative by fragmnetation
4) somatogamy and spermatization which results in basidiospores

40
Q

What are the fruiting bodies of basiomycetes called?

A

basidiocarp

41
Q

where are the basidia prenset?

A

in the basidiocarp

42
Q

What are some of hte common memrbers of hte basidiomycetes?

A

ustilago : smut
pucinnia : rust
agaricus ( mushroom)

43
Q

How does asexual reproduction take placei n deuteromycetes?

A

by conidia

44
Q

Give some examples of deuteromycetes?

A

alternaria : early blight of potato
collectrichum : red rot of sugarcane
trichoderma : ringworm

45
Q

Give some examples of insectevorous plants?

A

venus fly trap and bladder wort

46
Q

Give some examples of parasitic plants?

A

cascuta

47
Q

how are food stored in animals?

A

glycogen and fats

48
Q

What is hte mode of nutrition in animals?

A

holozoic

49
Q

does animalia show definite growth pattern?

A

yes

50
Q

What was the history of hte viru s?

A

Dmitri Ivanowsky : 1892 – Tobacco Mosiac Virus
they passed through bacteria proof filter

MW Beijernek :infected plant to healthy plant
Contagium vivum fluidum (infectious fluid)

WM Stanley : ctystallized them

51
Q

What are some of the animal virus disease?

A

mumps , small pox , herpes , influenza

52
Q

What are some of the plant virus?

A

mosiac formation , leaf rolling , curling , yellowing and vein clearing , dwarfing and shunted growth

53
Q

Who discovered viroids? What disease does it cause? What is made up of ?

A

TO Deiner : 1971
potato spindle tuber disease

free RNA ( of low molecular weight )

54
Q

What is prion and what some of its disease?

A

they are misfolded protien

mad cow disease or BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy)
and Cr-Jacob disease

55
Q

What are the two components of lichen and what are their funcitons?

A

phycobiont : prepare food

mycobiont: shelter , absorb nutrient , absorb nutrient and water

56
Q

Why are lichen good pollution indicators?

A

because they dont grow in polluted areas

League of Legends S11 (22 decks)

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