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League of Legends S11 > Chapter 1 : The Living World > Flashcards

Chapter 1 : The Living World Flashcards

1
Q

what are the various characteristics that are found in living organisms?

A

Growth
Reproduction
stimuli

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2
Q

what do you mean by growth ?

A

increase in mass and increase in number of individuals are twin characteristics of growth.

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3
Q

How does growth in multicellular organisms take place?

A

it takes place continuosly in their lifespan by cell division.

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4
Q

How does growth take place in unicellular organisms ?

A

by cell division

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5
Q

Why id growth not a defining characteristic in living organisms ?

A

because growth takes place even in non living organisms if we take increasing number or mass into account. For example : rocks , moulds, mountains etc.

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6
Q

What do you mean by reproduction ?

A

It refers to the production of progeny possesing features more or less similar to those of the parents , we implicitly refer to sexual reproduction.

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7
Q

How does fungi reproduce ?

A

by spores

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8
Q

how does a hydra reproduce ?

A

by budding

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9
Q

how does planaria reproduce?

A

by regeneration

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10
Q

what do you mean by regeneration ?

A

a fragmented organism regenerates the lost part of its bidy and becomes a new organism

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11
Q

Examples of organisms where fragmentaiton takes place ?

A

fungi, filamentous algae,protonema of mosses

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12
Q

What do you mean by protonema of mosses?

A

it is the haploid stage of a moss. It also represents the juvenile haploid stage of the organism .

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13
Q

why is reproduction not a defining feature of life?

A

because there are many living organism that are sterile or do not reproduce for example mules, worker bees .

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14
Q

what do you understand by metabolism?

A

metabolism refers to the sum of all chemical reaction that takes place inside an organism.

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15
Q

are the reactions taking place in a test tube make the test tube living ?

A

no it is neither living nor non living

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16
Q

Name a defining feature of living organism?

A

Cellular organization is the defining feature of a living organism.
consciousness is another living charecteristics.

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17
Q

what do you mean by consiousness ?

A

it refers to the change in the chemical or physical organization of a living body on a change in the extenal or internal medium.

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18
Q

Are patiesnt of coma living or non living?

A

living because they react to the chemicals that are injected in them

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19
Q

what do you mean by living organism?

A

self replicating
evolving
self regulating system

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20
Q

How many species are defined by humans ?

A

1.7 - 1. 8 million species

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21
Q

what do you mean by biodiversity ?

A

it refers to the number of organism present on earth or a specific region

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22
Q

why do we not use the local name to specify the organism ?

A

because a single organism might have different local names.

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23
Q

what do you mean by nomenclature ?

A

the standardized naming of organism such that they are known by the same name all over the world

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24
Q

What do you mean by identification?

A

describing the organism is called identification

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25
Q

What do you mean by ICBN?

A

International Council of Botanical Nomenclature

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26
Q

What do you mean by ICZN?

A

International Council of Zoological Nomenclature

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27
Q

What you mean by binomial nomenclature?

A

The naming of organism where the name of the organism has two parts the generic and the specific part is known as binomial nomenclature

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28
Q

who made the system of binomial nomenclature?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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29
Q

what are the rules of binomial nomenclature?

A
  1. the names are written in latin and latinised.
  2. the first part of the name is genus name and the second is the specific name
  3. when handwritten the biological name is written in italics and when it is printed it is in italics
  4. the first part of the word starts with a capital word while the specific epithet starts with a small letter
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30
Q

Whta do you mean by classification?

A

the process by which anything is grouped into convineint categories based on their characteristics is called classification

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31
Q

what do you understand by taxonomy?

A

classification of various organisms into different taxa is called taxonomy

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32
Q

what are the basis of taxonomy ?

A

structure of cell
development process
ecological information of organism

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33
Q

what are the process that form the basis of taxonomy ?

A

characterization
identification
classification
nomenclature

34
Q

what s taxonomical category ?

A

the overall arrangement of the taxas

35
Q

what are the various taxonomical heirarchy?

A 
kingdom 
phylum
class
order
 family 
genus 
species
36
Q

How are these organisms preserved for studies?

A 
Herbarium
Botanical Garden 
Museum
Zoological Parks 
Key
37
Q

Give the taxonomical categories of man ?

A 
Homo sapiens 
Homo
Hominidae
Primata 
Mammalia
Chordata
38
Q

give the taxonomical heirarchy of mango ?

A 
Magnifera indica 
Magnifera
Anacardaceae
Spindales 
Dicotyledon 
 Angiosperm
39
Q

give the taxonomical heirarchy of housefly?

A 
Musca domestica 
Musca
Muscidae 
Diptera
Insecta 
Arthropoda
40
Q

Describe how animals are preserved in a herbarium?

A

the plants are dried, pressed and pinned

they are labelled their biological name along with their local names

41
Q

Descibe how plats are stored in a Botanical Garden?

A

these are specialised garden where plants are stored for reference

42
Q

How are animals and plants kept in a Museum?

A

in liquid filled preservatives
dried, pressed and pinned
mammals and larger animals are stuffed with cotton

43
Q

How are animals preserved in a zoological parks?

A

they are kept in their own artificial natural habitat under the supervision and support of human

44
Q

What do you understand by key?

A

the keys are based on the contrasting charecters generally in a pair called couple

45
Q

what do you understand by lead in a key ?

A

these are the statements in a key

46
Q

What do you mean by flora?

A

it contains the actual account of the habitat of the plant

47
Q

what do you mean by manual?

A

these are useful in providing information for the identification of names of the species.

48
Q

what do you understand by monographs?

A

these contains the information of any one taxon

49
Q

Give some examples of infertile animals?

A

mules , infertile couple

50
Q

What is the name of the books written by Linneaus?

A

Species Plantarum , Systema Naturae

51
Q

How many species did Linneaus describe in his book Species Plantarum?

A

5900

52
Q

How many animal species did Linneus describe in his book Sytema Naturae?

A

4326

53
Q

What is the meaning of systematics?

A

is the science that deals with the diversity of organism and grouping of organisms at every level of classification right from species to kingdom

54
Q

What is the standarzied size of herbarium?

A

41 cm and 29 cm

55
Q

Which is the largest herbarium?

A

kew

56
Q

Which is the largest botanical garden?

A

Moscow

57
Q

Where is the largest herbarium in the world and what is its name?

A

Kew Botanical Garden in England

58
Q

What is the largest botanical garden in the world located ?

A

Moscow

59
Q

What is the meaning of ex-situ and in-situ ?

A

ex-situ : means off site conservation

in-situ : means on site conservation

60
Q

What is the linnean system of classificaiton based on?

A

morphology of plants

61
Q

Who wrote species plantarum?

A

Carolus Lineeaus

62
Q

Carolous Linneasu bekonges to which country?

A

Sweden

63
Q

Which of the following books are written by Carolous Linneaeus?

1) Systema Naturare
2) Historia Plantarum
3) Historia Naturalis
4) none of these

A

1) historia plantarum

64
Q

In which book did Linneaus descrbe the binomial nomenclature for the first time?

A

Philosphia Botanica

65
Q

What is the name of the book where he described the plant species ? How many plant species did he describd?

A

Species Plantarum (5900 species)

66
Q

What is the name of the book where he described the various animal species? and how many animal species did he describe?

A

Systema Naturae ( 4326)

67
Q

An English naturalist who wrote the book “Historia Gneeralis Plantarum “ and introduced the word species :

A

John Ray

68
Q

Who is the darwin of the 20th century ?

A

Ernst Mayr

69
Q

Who is the father botany?

A

Threophratus

70
Q

Who is the father of medicine/

A

hippocrates

71
Q

Which of teh following are incorrect?

1) it deals with biological species
2) ut s based on the study of all types of variation in the species
3) species is considered to be static
4) it has a bio systematic concept

A

3) in modern taxonomy species is very dynamic

72
Q

What is tautonym?

A

when the species and the genera have the same name ( Catla catla , Naja naja )

73
Q

Is it necessary for a genus tohave more than one species?

A

no , it may or may not

74
Q

What does the name of plant sub family end with ?

A

-oideae , according to ICBN

75
Q

What does the name of plant order end with ?

A

-ales, according to ICBN

76
Q

What is glumacaeae?

A

it is a order that includes vatious grass and stuff

77
Q

What is arboretum?

A

a botanical garden for just tree and shrubs is called arboretum

78
Q

Where is the national Zoological park situated?

A

1) Delhi

79
Q

What are the statements of a key called?

A

lead

80
Q

What is a holotype ?

A

the original specimen cited by an author of the species

81
Q

What is catalogue?

A

it is a register of all species found in a particular area

League of Legends S11 (22 decks)

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