Chapter 1 : The Living World

Question 1

what are the various characteristics that are found in living organisms?

Answer 1

Growth
Reproduction
stimuli

Question 2

what do you mean by growth ?

Answer 2

increase in mass and increase in number of individuals are twin characteristics of growth.

Question 3

How does growth in multicellular organisms take place?

Answer 3

it takes place continuosly in their lifespan by cell division.

Question 4

How does growth take place in unicellular organisms ?

Answer 4

by cell division

Question 5

Why id growth not a defining characteristic in living organisms ?

Answer 5

because growth takes place even in non living organisms if we take increasing number or mass into account. For example : rocks , moulds, mountains etc.

Question 6

What do you mean by reproduction ?

Answer 6

It refers to the production of progeny possesing features more or less similar to those of the parents , we implicitly refer to sexual reproduction.

Question 7

How does fungi reproduce ?

Answer 7

by spores

Question 8

how does a hydra reproduce ?

Answer 8

by budding

Question 9

how does planaria reproduce?

Answer 9

by regeneration

Question 10

what do you mean by regeneration ?

Answer 10

a fragmented organism regenerates the lost part of its bidy and becomes a new organism

Question 11

Examples of organisms where fragmentaiton takes place ?

Answer 11

fungi, filamentous algae,protonema of mosses

Question 12

What do you mean by protonema of mosses?

Answer 12

it is the haploid stage of a moss. It also represents the juvenile haploid stage of the organism .

Question 13

why is reproduction not a defining feature of life?

Answer 13

because there are many living organism that are sterile or do not reproduce for example mules, worker bees .

Question 14

what do you understand by metabolism?

Answer 14

metabolism refers to the sum of all chemical reaction that takes place inside an organism.

Question 15

are the reactions taking place in a test tube make the test tube living ?

Answer 15

no it is neither living nor non living

Question 16

Name a defining feature of living organism?

Answer 16

Cellular organization is the defining feature of a living organism.
consciousness is another living charecteristics.

Question 17

what do you mean by consiousness ?

Answer 17

it refers to the change in the chemical or physical organization of a living body on a change in the extenal or internal medium.

Question 18

Are patiesnt of coma living or non living?

Answer 18

living because they react to the chemicals that are injected in them

Question 19

what do you mean by living organism?

Answer 19

self replicating
evolving
self regulating system

Question 20

How many species are defined by humans ?

Answer 20

1.7 - 1. 8 million species

Question 21

what do you mean by biodiversity ?

Answer 21

it refers to the number of organism present on earth or a specific region

Question 22

why do we not use the local name to specify the organism ?

Answer 22

because a single organism might have different local names.

Question 23

what do you mean by nomenclature ?

Answer 23

the standardized naming of organism such that they are known by the same name all over the world

Question 24

What do you mean by identification?

Answer 24

describing the organism is called identification

Question 25

What do you mean by ICBN?

Answer 25

International Council of Botanical Nomenclature

Question 26

What do you mean by ICZN?

Answer 26

International Council of Zoological Nomenclature

Question 27

What you mean by binomial nomenclature?

Answer 27

The naming of organism where the name of the organism has two parts the generic and the specific part is known as binomial nomenclature

Question 28

who made the system of binomial nomenclature?

Answer 28

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 29

what are the rules of binomial nomenclature?

Answer 29

1. the names are written in latin and latinised. 2. the first part of the name is genus name and the second is the specific name 3. when handwritten the biological name is written in italics and when it is printed it is in italics 4. the first part of the word starts with a capital word while the specific epithet starts with a small letter

Question 30

Whta do you mean by classification?

Answer 30

the process by which anything is grouped into convineint categories based on their characteristics is called classification

Question 31

what do you understand by taxonomy?

Answer 31

classification of various organisms into different taxa is called taxonomy

Question 32

what are the basis of taxonomy ?

Answer 32

structure of cell development process ecological information of organism

Question 33

what are the process that form the basis of taxonomy ?

Answer 33

characterization identification classification nomenclature

Question 34

what s taxonomical category ?

Answer 34

the overall arrangement of the taxas

Question 35

what are the various taxonomical heirarchy?

Answer 35

``` kingdom phylum class order family genus species ```

Question 36

How are these organisms preserved for studies?

Answer 36

``` Herbarium Botanical Garden Museum Zoological Parks Key ```

Question 37

Give the taxonomical categories of man ?

Answer 37

``` Homo sapiens Homo Hominidae Primata Mammalia Chordata ```

Question 38

give the taxonomical heirarchy of mango ?

Answer 38

``` Magnifera indica Magnifera Anacardaceae Spindales Dicotyledon Angiosperm ```

Question 39

give the taxonomical heirarchy of housefly?

Answer 39

``` Musca domestica Musca Muscidae Diptera Insecta Arthropoda ```

Question 40

Describe how animals are preserved in a herbarium?

Answer 40

the plants are dried, pressed and pinned | they are labelled their biological name along with their local names

Question 41

Descibe how plats are stored in a Botanical Garden?

Answer 41

these are specialised garden where plants are stored for reference

Question 42

How are animals and plants kept in a Museum?

Answer 42

in liquid filled preservatives dried, pressed and pinned mammals and larger animals are stuffed with cotton

Question 43

How are animals preserved in a zoological parks?

Answer 43

they are kept in their own artificial natural habitat under the supervision and support of human

Question 44

What do you understand by key?

Answer 44

the keys are based on the contrasting charecters generally in a pair called couple

Question 45

what do you understand by lead in a key ?

Answer 45

these are the statements in a key

Question 46

What do you mean by flora?

Answer 46

it contains the actual account of the habitat of the plant

Question 47

what do you mean by manual?

Answer 47

these are useful in providing information for the identification of names of the species.

Question 48

what do you understand by monographs?

Answer 48

these contains the information of any one taxon

Question 49

Give some examples of infertile animals?

Answer 49

mules , infertile couple

Question 50

What is the name of the books written by Linneaus?

Answer 50

Species Plantarum , Systema Naturae

Question 51

How many species did Linneaus describe in his book Species Plantarum?

Answer 51

5900

Question 52

How many animal species did Linneus describe in his book Sytema Naturae?

Answer 52

4326

Question 53

What is the meaning of systematics?

Answer 53

is the science that deals with the diversity of organism and grouping of organisms at every level of classification right from species to kingdom

Question 54

What is the standarzied size of herbarium?

Answer 54

41 cm and 29 cm

Question 55

Which is the largest herbarium?

Answer 55

kew

Question 56

Which is the largest botanical garden?

Answer 56

Moscow

Question 57

Where is the largest herbarium in the world and what is its name?

Answer 57

Kew Botanical Garden in England

Question 58

What is the largest botanical garden in the world located ?

Answer 58

Moscow

Question 59

What is the meaning of ex-situ and in-situ ?

Answer 59

ex-situ : means off site conservation | in-situ : means on site conservation

Question 60

What is the linnean system of classificaiton based on?

Answer 60

morphology of plants

Question 61

Who wrote species plantarum?

Answer 61

Carolus Lineeaus

Question 62

Carolous Linneasu bekonges to which country?

Answer 62

Sweden

Question 63

Which of the following books are written by Carolous Linneaeus? 1) Systema Naturare 2) Historia Plantarum 3) Historia Naturalis 4) none of these

Answer 63

1) historia plantarum

Question 64

In which book did Linneaus descrbe the binomial nomenclature for the first time?

Answer 64

Philosphia Botanica

Question 65

What is the name of the book where he described the plant species ? How many plant species did he describd?

Answer 65

Species Plantarum (5900 species)

Question 66

What is the name of the book where he described the various animal species? and how many animal species did he describe?

Answer 66

Systema Naturae ( 4326)

Question 67

An English naturalist who wrote the book "Historia Gneeralis Plantarum " and introduced the word species :

Answer 67

John Ray

Question 68

Who is the darwin of the 20th century ?

Answer 68

Ernst Mayr

Question 69

Who is the father botany?

Answer 69

Threophratus

Question 70

Who is the father of medicine/

Answer 70

hippocrates

Question 71

Which of teh following are incorrect? 1) it deals with biological species 2) ut s based on the study of all types of variation in the species 3) species is considered to be static 4) it has a bio systematic concept

Answer 71

3) in modern taxonomy species is very dynamic

Question 72

What is tautonym?

Answer 72

when the species and the genera have the same name ( Catla catla , Naja naja )

Question 73

Is it necessary for a genus tohave more than one species?

Answer 73

no , it may or may not

Question 74

What does the name of plant sub family end with ?

Answer 74

-oideae , according to ICBN

Question 75

What does the name of plant order end with ?

Answer 75

-ales, according to ICBN

Question 76

What is glumacaeae?

Answer 76

it is a order that includes vatious grass and stuff

Question 77

What is arboretum?

Answer 77

a botanical garden for just tree and shrubs is called arboretum

Question 78

Where is the national Zoological park situated?

Answer 78

1) Delhi

Question 79

What are the statements of a key called?

Answer 79

lead

Question 80

What is a holotype ?

Answer 80

the original specimen cited by an author of the species

Question 81

What is catalogue?

Answer 81

it is a register of all species found in a particular area