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League of Legends S11 > Chapter 16: Digestion and Absorption > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Digestion and Absorption Flashcards

1
Q

Is villi present in the stomach?

A

no villi is absent in the stomach

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2
Q

How is the tongue attached to the floor of the oral cavity? And where are the taste buds attaced to ?

A

frenulum

the taste bud is attached to the papillae

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of the human teeth?

A

thecodont, diphyodont, heterodont

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4
Q

What are the regions of the endoderm?

A

from the soft palate to the rectum

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5
Q

What are the various teeth in the human body?

A

insccor , canine, pre-molar, molar

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6
Q

To what is the tongue attached to ?

A

frenulum , hyoid bone

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7
Q

What is the opening of pharynx and oesophagus called?

A

gullet and glottis

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8
Q

What regulates teh opening of oesophagus into the stomach?

A

gastro-oesophageal spinchter

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9
Q

What portion of the stomach does the oesophagus open into ?

A

carida region

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10
Q

What are the various regions of teh stomach?

A

cardiac, fundic , body , and pyloric

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11
Q

What are the various parts of the small intestine?

A

duodenum , jejunum , ileum

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12
Q

What guards the opening of stomach into the duodenum?

A

pyloric spinchter

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13
Q

What are the parts of the large intesetine?

A

caeum , colon , rectum

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14
Q

Where are the mircoorganims present in te small intestine?

A

caecum

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15
Q

What are the various parts of the colon?

A

ascending , transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon

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16
Q

Where are the four layers of the alimentary canal present?

A

form the oesophagus to the rectum

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17
Q

What are various layers of the alimentary canal?

A

serosa, muscularis, sub mucosa and mucosa

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18
Q

What is the serosa made up of ?

A

mesothelium ( epithelium of the visceral organs)

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19
Q

What are the various layers of the muscularis layer and which is present in the inner and outer layer?

A

circular epithelium and longitudinal epithelium

circular inner and longitudinal is the outer

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20
Q

Where are the oblique muscle present ?

A

stomach

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21
Q

What are the things present in the submucosa layer?

A

nerve fibres , blood vessel and lymph

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22
Q

What is the glands present in the sub mucosa of the duodenum?

A

brunners gland

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23
Q

Which layer forms the rugae of the stomach?

A

the mucosal layer

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24
Q

Are villi present in the stomach?

A

no

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25
Q

What is mesothelium?

A

it is the lining of the visceral organs

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26
Q

What is presnet in the villi ?

A

blood vessel, and lymph vessel called lacteal

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27
Q

What is the function of goblet cells ?

A

they secrete hte mucosa in hte stomach

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28
Q

What are the three pairs of salivary glands?

A

paratoid,
maxillary ( sub madibular)
sub lingual

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29
Q

What is the largest gland and what is its weight>

A

liver and its weight is 1.2 to 1.5 kg

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30
Q

What are structural and functional units of the liver?

A

hapatic lobules

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31
Q

How are the hepatic cells arranged in the hepatic lobules?

A

it the form of cords

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32
Q

What is the duct of gall baldder called?

A

cystic duct

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33
Q

What is the duct of liver called?

A

hepatic duct

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34
Q

What guards the hepatio pancraetic duct?

A

spinchter of oddi

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35
Q

What are the endocrine and the exocrine parts of the pacrease?

A

exocrine ( acinni) : they secrete the bicarbonatres

endocrine ( islets of langerhans) hormone, insulin and glucagon, stomatotatin

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36
Q

What is the function of somatostatin?

A

it inhibits the secretion of other hormones made by the pancrease

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37
Q

What is the meaning of degluttion?

A

swallowing of food is called degluttion

38
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

is the circular waves of contraction

39
Q

What are the things present in the salivarty juice?

A 
Na+ , K+ HCO3- ,etc 
IgA
Urea and uric acid
lysozyme and thiocynate
salicary amylase
40
Q

What percentage of stach is hydrolyzed in the mouth?

A

30%

41
Q

What are the three types of cells in the gastric glands?

A

mucus neck cells

peptic cells or the cheif cells or zymogenetic cells 
parietal cells ( HCl and CIF )
42
Q

What secreted CIF and what is its function?

A

it is secreted by the parietal cells

it is essential for the absorption of vit B12

43
Q

What is the function of pepsin?

A

it converts protein into :

protease, peptones

44
Q

What are teh things present that helps in protecting the cells of the stomach?

A

mucus and the bicarbonates present in the gastric juce

(NCERT line) pg no 262

45
Q

What are the things present in the gastri cjuice?

A

HCl, pepsin , rennin , gastric lipase

46
Q

What are the active and the inactive enzymes secreted by the pacrease?

A

inactive :
trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen , procarbozypeptidase

active form:
amylase, lipase , nuclease(DNA,RNAase)

47
Q

What activates the enzyme trypsinogen?

A

enterokinase

48
Q

What secretes the entrokinease?

A

intestinal mucosa

49
Q

What are the components of the bile ?

A

bile pigment : billirubin , billiverdin
bile salt: bicarbonates, carbonates, tauracholate and glycholate
cholesterol and phospholipid

50
Q

What activates teh lipases?

A

bile

51
Q

What secreted the mucus of the small intestine?

A

goblet cells

52
Q

What helps in the secretion of succus entericus?

A

goblet cells and brush border cells of the mucosa of small intestine

53
Q

What are various enzymes of the small intestine?

A

disaccharidase (maltase) , dipeptidase, lipase m nucleosidase,

54
Q

What protects the intesetinal mucosa?

A

mucus and pancreatic bicarbonates

55
Q

What is the function of brunners glands?

A

it is responsible for making alkaline medium in the small intestine

56
Q

Where is DNA , RNA ase secreted?

A

pancreatic juice

57
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

1) absorption of water , minerla and some drugs

2) secretion of mucous helps in adhering particles and lubricating them for an easy passage

58
Q

What is the stuff that enter for the large intestine into the rectum called?

A

faecal matter

59
Q

What stops the backflow of caecal matter ?

A

ileo caecal valve

60
Q

How are the various gastro intestinal functions under control of ?

A

The activities of the gastro-intestinal tract are under neural and hormonal control for proper coordination of different parts

The sight, smell and/or the presence of food in the oral cavity can stimulate the secretion of saliva.

Gastric and intestinal secretions are also, similarly,
stimulated by neural signals.

The muscular activities of different parts of the alimentary canal can also be moderated by neural mechanisms, both local and through CNS.

Hormonal control of the secretion of digestive juices is carried out by local hormones produced by the gastric and intestinal mucosa.

61
Q

What are things that are absorbed by simple diffusion?

A

glucose , amino aicds , Cl -

62
Q

What are the substances that are absorbed by carrier protein ? What is this process called?

A

glucose , amino acids and also fructose

fascillated diffusion

63
Q

What are the substances tat are absorbed by active diffusion?

A

glucose , amino aicds , and Na+

64
Q

How is water absorbed?

A

with the help of osmosis

65
Q

In what form form does the fat enter the mucosa?

A

in the form of micelles

66
Q

In what form are the fats converted into before absorption by the lacteal?

A

in the form of chlyomicron

67
Q

What are the things that are absorbed by the mouth and why?

A

drugs in the lower side of the tongue because of the presence of blood vessle

68
Q

What are the things that are absorbed in the sstomach?

A

water . simple sugar, alcohol

69
Q

What are the things that are absorbed with the help of small intestine?

A

glucose , fructose fatty acids glycerol and amino acids

70
Q

What are the things that are absorbed in teh large intestine?

A

drugs , water , minerals

71
Q

What initiated the removal of the faeces form the rectum?

A

presence of faeces in the rectum initiates a neural reflex that causes an urge for its removal

72
Q

Which layer anal spinchter is voluntary and which one is involutary?

A

voluntary : the outer spinchter

involuntary: the inner spnchter

73
Q

What causes inflammation in teh digestive tracts?

A

infection causesd by roundworms , threadworms n hook worms and pin worms

74
Q

What is jaundice?

A

liver cells are affected and deposition of bile pigment in the blood which causes skin , eye to turn yellow

75
Q

What is vomiting?

A

it is hte ejction of stmach contents though the mouth

76
Q

What is diarrhoea?

A

abnormal frequency of bowl movement reuces the abosorption of food

77
Q

What leads to improper absorption of food ?

A

darrhoea

78
Q

What is the function of constipation?

A

irregular bowel movemnet

79
Q

What is the function of indigestion?

A

food is not properly digested

80
Q

What are the reasons for indigestion?

A

due to inadequate enzyme secretion , anxiety , food poisoning , over eating and spicy food

81
Q

How is fructose absorbed?

A

by facillitated difusion

82
Q

During absorption the most rapidl transpored monosaccharide is?

A

galactose

83
Q

Which of the following gastric cells indirectly help in erythriopoiesis?

1) chief cells
2) goblet cells
3) mucous cells
4) parietal cells

A

4) parietal cells

84
Q

What are the fat soluble substance?

A

D,E,K,A

85
Q

What are the vitamins that are stored by liver?

A

D,E,K,A, and B12

86
Q

What is the order of the development of the teeth?

A

Mummy Is In Pain Papa Can Make Medicine

87
Q

What does the salivary amylas convert the starch into?

A

it converts it into maltose

88
Q

For how many hours is food stored in the stomach?

A

4-5 hrs

89
Q

What is the fat digestion that takes place in the pancreatic juice?

A

fats == lipase ===> diglycerides ===>monoglycerides

90
Q

What is the fat digestion that takes place in the intestinal mucosa?

A

di and mono glycerides ==lipase==> fatty acid + glycerol

91
Q

Which of the following reaction takes place in duodenum of small intestine :

1) Dipeptidase -> amino acid
2) Maltose –> glucose + glucose
3) Triglycerides –> monoglycerides + fatty acid + glycerol
4) lactose –> glucose + glucose

A

3)

92
Q

Resad the folowing Statement :
(A) The stomach stores the food for 4-5 hrs
(B) the food mixes thoroughly with the acidic intestinnal juices
(C) Trypsinogen is activated by an enzyme enterogasterone, secreted by the intestinal mucosa
(D) Renin is enzyme found in the fastric juice of infants which may help in digestion of milk protein

1) four
2) one
3) two
4) three

A

(4) three ( see the statement properly)

League of Legends S11 (22 decks)

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