Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

League of Legends S11 > Chapter 3 : Plant Kingdom > Flashcards

Chapter 3 : Plant Kingdom Flashcards

1
Q

What are the kingdoms in the five kingdom classification and who made this classification and when?

A

RH Whittaker 1969

monera , protista , fungi , plantae and animalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What were the conditions of the earliest classification?

A

gross morphology

like habitat , colour and number and shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of classification was Linneuas classification? What was one of its special charecteristics? Why is it not acceptable?

A

artificial classification

equal weitage to both vegetative and sexual charecters
because it have equal importance to vegetative charecters as it can change easily with environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the charecters taken into account in natural classificaiton ?

A

their natural affinites

external and internal features like anatomy, structure, embryology and phytochemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the present phylogenetic classificaiton systme based on ?

A

evolutionary relationship between the various organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the numerical taxonmy based on ?

A

each charecter is given a certain code and then they are porcessed in a computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is cehmotaxonomy and cytotaxonomy based on ?

A

chemotaxonomy : it is based on the chemical produced by the plants like resin
cytotaxonomy :based on the chemical constituents of hte plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the habitat of algae?

A

chlorophyll thalloid organism , autotrophic and large aquatic organism
they occur in variety of habitat such as moist soilds , wood and sone in association with fungi , animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give an examples of colonial and filamentous algae?

A

volvox - colonial

filamentous spirogyra and ulthorix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does vegetative , asexual and sexual reproduction take place in algae?

A

vegetative : fragmentaiton
asexual : commonly zoospores
sexual : isogamous, anisogamous , oogamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In which organisms are called isogamous , anisogamous and oogamous?

A

isogamous: ulthorix (motile), spirogyra(non motile)
anisogamous : eudorina
oogamous : volvox and fucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which organism does half of the carbon dioxide fixation in teh earth ?

A

algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give some examples of algae used as food?

A

laminaria and sargassum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is teh use of agar and hwere is obtained fro?

A

from gracilaria and gelidium

used to make ice cream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the use of chlorella?

A

used as a protein supplement even for space travellers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the classes of algae?

A

chlorophyceae
phaeophyceae
rhodophyceae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the type of pigment?
chlorophyceae
phaeophyceae
rhodophyceae

A

chl a , b , beta carotene , viola and lutea xanthin

chl a , c , beta carotene , fcoxanthin

chl a , d , beta carotene, phycoerythrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the stored food in the algae?
chlorophyceae
phaeophyceae
rhodophyceae

A

starch (pyrenoids and oil
laminarin and mannitol
floridean starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In which organism are the pyrenoids present and how ?

A

the pyrenoids are present in chlorphyceae

it is protein coated by starch and are located in the chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is the cell wall arranged in case of green algae?

A

inner cellulose

and outer pectose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How deos vegetative , asexual and sexual reproduction take place in cholorophyceae?

A

vegetative : fragmentation
asexual : by zoopores from zoosporangia
sexual : isogamous , anisogamous , oogamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the type of sexual organs in all types of algae?

A

unicellular non jacketed sex organs

except in chara (antheridium and oognium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where are the brown alge comonly present?

A

in marine habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Give an examples of filamentous and profused branching in brown algae? Give some other examples of brown algae?

A

filamentous : Ectocarpus ( haplo diplontic in nature)
branching : kelp

ectocarpus , fucus , laminaria , sargassum , dictyota

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does the brown color in brown algae depend on ?

A

fucoxanthin and xanthophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the cell wall of different tyeps of algae made up of
chlorophyceae
phaeophyceae
rhodophyceae

A

cellulose

cellulose and algin

cellulose and agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the composition of the protoplast of the brown alga?

A

centrally located vacoule

and nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the body composed of in brown algae?

A

frond (lamina)
stipe
holdfast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How deos vegetative , asexual and sexual reproduction take place in phaeophyceae ?

A

vegetative : fragmentaiton
asexual : bifalggelate (unequal) lateral flagella
sexual : biflagellate (unequal) lateral flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where are the majority of the red alge presnet in ? Give some examples of red algaE?

A

majority marine in the warmer areas

they are present in the well lightened and the deep marine regions

gracilaria, gelidium , porphyra , polysiphonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How deos vegetative , asexual and sexual reproduction take place in rhodophyceae ?

A

vegetative: frgamentaiton
asexual : non motile spores
sexual : non motile oogamous spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which algae have a complex post fertilization development?

A

red algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Where are the bryophytes prenset?

A

sciophytes

in the moist shady areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which organism are called the aquatic amphibian of the plant kindgom ? and why?

A

bryophytes

they need water for sexual reprocution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What ist he body of the bryophytes cmposed of and how does it attche itself to the substratum?

A

it thallus like and

they are attached to the substratum with the help of multicellular and unicellular rhizoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Do bryophytes have a true , root , stem and leaves ?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the ploidy of the main body of the bryophytes composed of ?

A

gametophyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What ist he type of the sex organs of the bryophystes? What is the male and female sexual organs and

A

it is multicellular
male : anteridium and , biflaggelate antherezoid

female: archaegonium flask shaped and produced a single egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

How is the sporophyte present in bryophytes ?

A

they are attached and depends on the photosynthetic gametophyte for nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the economic use of sphagnum?

A

peat and trans shipment : sphagnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Which are the first organism to colonize the rock?

A

mosses and lichen are the first to colonize the rocks

and make them suitable for the growth of other plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the types of bryophytes?

A

liverworts
horn worts
mosses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is the charecteristics body feature of liverworts? What kind of rhizoid do they have?

A

they are dorsoventrally flattened to the susbtratum
tiny leaf like appendages in two rows of stem

they have unicellular rhizoids

44
Q

How does egetative , asexual and sexual reproduction take place in liverworts?

A

vegetative: fragmentation of the thallus
asexual : gemmae
sexual : OOGAMOUS male and female gametes are produced in the same or different thalli ( antheridium and archaegonium)

45
Q

What are the parts of the sporophytes in the liverworts?

A

foot , setae and capsule

46
Q

Where are the spores produced in teh liverworts>

A

in the capsule by the spore mother cell

47
Q

What is the predominant stage of the mosses?

A

gametophyte

48
Q

What are the two different stages of gametophyte of mosees?

A

protonema : the first stage, developed from the spore

leafy stage: develops from the secondary protonema

49
Q

How are the mosses attched to the susbtratum

A

with the help of MULTICELLULAR rhizoids

50
Q

How does vegetative , aseuxl and sexual reproduciton atek place in mosses?

A

vegetative: fragmentation and buding in secondary protonema

sexual : antheridium adn archaegonium are produced in the apex of leafy stage

51
Q

What are the body parts of the sporophyte in the mosses? And what is the main body of the mosses comopsed of ?

A

capule
setae
foot

it is composed of both 2n and n

52
Q

What is the ploidy of the main body of pteridophytes?

A

2n

53
Q

Which si the first organism to have vasular system? What is the meanig of the presence of vascular systems?

A

pteridophyte

presence of true xylem and phloem

54
Q

Does pteridophytes have root, stem and leaves?

A

yes pteridophytes have true root , stem and leaves

55
Q

What are the two types of leaves in pteridopytes give their examples?

A

micropylls: selaginella

macropylls : fern

56
Q

Where are the sporangia present in the pteridophytes?

A

the sporangia are present in
sporopyll : fern
stobili : equisetum and selaginella

57
Q

What is the type of cell that produces spores in the sporangia of pteridophytes ?

A

the spore mother cell

58
Q

What forms from the spore in pteridophytes ? What are teh sex organs in t?

A

prothallus (free living , photosynthetic and thalloid gametophytes

antheridium and archaegonium

59
Q

Why is the habitat of pteridophytes restricted to some placeS/

A

they need water for fertilization in gametophyte and thus its spread is limited to small zone of areas

60
Q

What are the two types of pteridophytes on the basis of spores ?

A 
homosporous 
hetersporous ( develops into male and female gametophyte) / this event is the precursor of seed habit
61
Q

Give soem examples of homosporous pteridophytes?

A 
Sa - S- M- A 
savlinia 
selaginella 
marseail 
azolla
62
Q

Why do we tell that pteridophytes are the precurspors of the ceed habitat?

A

some of the sporophyte retained the gametophyte and the development of the zygot took place in the sporophyte
thus this was the precursor of the seed habit

63
Q

What are the four classes of pteridophytes and give exmaoles?

A

psilopsida : psilotum

lycopsida : selaginella , lycopodium

sphenopsida : equisetum

pteropsida : dryopteris , pteris and adiantum , salvinia, azolla

64
Q

What is the ovary like in a gymnosprem?

A

they have ovary without anhy ovary wall but the have seed coat

65
Q

Why are the seed of gymnosperm called naked seeds?

A

the seeds that develops post fertilization are not covered that is they dont have any pericarp but they have seed coat

66
Q

What is the tallest species and which phylum deos it belong to ??

A 
giant sequioa ( red wood) is the tallest tree 
it belongs to the gymnosperms
67
Q

What is the root like in case of gymnosperm?

A

it is tap root

68
Q

What is the difference between mycorrhiza and coralloid root? Give their exmapels?

A

mycorrhiza : (PINUS) root with fungal association

coralloid root : (CYCAS) association with cyanobacteria

69
Q

What ar eth etwo types of branches in gymnosperms?

A

unbranched: ( cycas)

branched : (pinus and cedrus )

70
Q

What is the leaf of cycas like?

A

pinnate

71
Q

What is the is the type of leaf in conifers?

A

needle like , reduce surface area and thick cuticle and sucken stomata reduced the surface area

72
Q

Are gymnosperms heterosporous or homosporous?

A

hetersoporous

microspores and megaspores

73
Q

How are the spores arranged in gymnospmer?

A

stroblli (cone)
sporophyll
sporangia

see the diagram in the book that i made if you want to need more

74
Q

What is the male gamete in gymnospomer? How deos its development take place? Where deos its development take place>

A

pollen grain

micro sporophyll
mega sporangia
nucellus and integuments  
nucellus  
MMC ( microspore mother cell)
mmc undergoes meiosis to form microspore 
the microspore forms the pollen

the development of pollen grain takes places in the sporangia

75
Q

In which gymnosperm does the production of male sporophyll and female sporophyll take place in different tree?

A

cycas

76
Q

Write the develpoment of female ovary?

A

mega sporophyll
mega sporangia
ovule ( integumens (envelope) + nucellus)
nucellus
MMC
4 megaspore ( 3 dies and 1 survives )
that one megaspore develops in the megasporangia and forms endospore and 2 arachaegonia (the female gametophyte)

77
Q

What are the components of the female gametophyte ? is it multicellular or unicellular? Where is the female gametophyte prenset?

A 
female gametophyte ( endospore and 2 arcahegonium) 
the female gametophyte is multicellular

the female gametophyte is present in the mega sporangia

78
Q

Give examples of gymnosperms where both the male and female gametes are proudced in the same tree and one tree where the male and female gametes are produced in different tree?

A

both in the same tree : pinus and other

male and female tree : cycas

79
Q

Do the the male and the female gametophytes have the independent existance?

A

no

80
Q

What is the female sex organs in gymnosperm and what si the male sex organ?

A

female : archaegonium

male : no more antheridium

81
Q

How are the pollen grain transported to the ovule?

A

with the help of air currents

82
Q

What are teh components of hte vascular system that are missing in gymnosperm? Are there any exceptions?

A

no xylem vessel
companium cells

except : Gnetum, Ephedra , Welwisthia

83
Q

/What are the types of gymnosperms ?

A

cycadophyta (lower) : CYCAS

coniferophyta (higher)

1) gingkoales : gingko biloba
2) Coniferales: pinus, cedrus deodar
3) Gnetum : gnetum, ephedra

84
Q

Which plant is known as the living fossil and why ?

A

Gingko Biloba

one of the oldest tree

85
Q

Which tree has maiden hair?

A

Gingko Biloba

86
Q

Where does the development of pollen grains and ovules take place?

A

in flowers

87
Q

How are the seeds prenset in angiosperm?

A

they have a fruits ( pericarp) and a seed coat

88
Q

What is the smalllest and the largest angiosperm?

A

smallest: Wulfia

Largest : Eucalyptus

89
Q

What are th etwo classes of angiosperm?

A

monocot

dicot

90
Q 
What is the difference betwen monocot and dicot?
(cotyledon) 
(venation) 
( flower type) 
(whorls)
A 
dicot , monocot 
cotyledon : 2,1 
venation : reticulate , parallel
flower type: (tetra and pentamerous flower) ,  ( trimerous flower)
whorls : (4,5 member) , (3 member)
91
Q

What is the male sex organ in angiosperm? What are the parts of a stamne? What is the female sex organs in angiosperm and what are its components?

A

stamen (filament and an anther )

pistil ( stigma , style , ovary)

92
Q

Where are the pollen grain produced in a flower ?

A 
in anther
 in micro sporangia 
micro spore mother cell (meiosis) 
micro spores (mitosis) 
pollen grain
93
Q

How are the ovules made in an angiosperm?

A 
ovary 
ovule 
spore mother cell(meiosis) 
4 megaspore ( 3 die and 1 lives) 
the megaspore then divides to form the ovule
94
Q

What are the components of the embryo sac in angiosperm? How many cell and how many nuclei?

A

EGG APPARATUS ( 1 egg , 2 synergids )
2 POLAR NUCLEI
3 ANTIPODAL CELLS

7 celled and 8 nucleus

95
Q

Why is it called double fertilization and triple fusion in angiosperm?

A

double fertilization

1) SYNGAMY : male gamete 1 + egg cell
2) TRIPLE FUSION : (polar nuclie fuse to form 2n) + male gamete 2

96
Q

What is the result of syngamy and triple fusion ?

A

syngamy : zygote formation – later cotyledon

triple fusion : PRIMARY ENDOSPORE NUCLEI provides nourishment to embryo

97
Q

What happens to the synergids and antipodal cells after fertilization?

A

death

98
Q

What does the ovules and ovary in angiosperm develop into after fertilization ?

A

ovule : forms the seed

ovary : forms the fruit

99
Q

Till which phylum do we find archaegonium ?

A

gymnosperm

100
Q

Till which phylum do we find antheridium?

A

pteridophytes

101
Q

What is teh difference between the male gametes of bryophytes and pteridophytes?

A

bryophytes; biflagellate

pteridophytes: multi flagellate

102
Q

What ability leads to the formaiton of both haploid and diploid body in plants?

A

mitosis in haploid and diploid cels

103
Q

What do you mean by haplontic life cycle? Give some examples?

A

haplontic : one cell zygote

exampels : volvox , spirogyra , chlamydomonas

104
Q

What do you mean by diplontic life cycle? Give some examples?

A

diplontic: single celled of few cells gametphyte

exampesl : fucus , gymnosperm, angisperm

105
Q

What is the life cycle in bryophytes and pteridophyte?

A

bryophytes : haplo diplontic

pteridophytes: haplo diplontic (NCERT)

106
Q

What is the type of life cycle of pteridophytes?

A

halpodiplontic

107
Q

How are most of hte algae and are there any exceotions?

A

most of algae are haplontic

exceptions : ECTOCARPUS , POLYSIPHONIA , KELP (DIPLOHAPLONTIC)

FUCUS : DIPLONTIC

League of Legends S11 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions