Chapter 7: Structural Organization in Animals Flashcards
What is tissue ?
a group of similar cells that can perform specific function is called
What are the four animal tissue?
1) Epithelial
2) Connective
3) Muscular
4) Neural
What are the two types of epithelial cells?
1) Simple
2) Compound (stratified)
What is the function of simple epithelium?
they are present in ducts , coeloms and tubes
What is the characteristic feature of compound epithelium?
they are multi layered
What are the types of simple epithelial tissue?
1) Simple Squamous
2) Simple Cuboidal
3) Simple columnar
4) Pseudopodia
What are the two types of compound epithelial tissue?
Stretchable
Non-Stretchable
What are the types of non stertchable epithelium?
1) Squamous
2) Cuboidal
3) Columnar
What are the features simple squamous epithelial tissue?
thin layered
flat
irregular
used for filtration and diffusion
Give some examples where simple epithelium is present?
intestine alveoli blood vessel( tunica intima) endocardium bowmans capsule loop of henle mesothelium peritoneum
What are the features of simple cuboidal tissue (structues)
centrally located nucleus
What are the functions of simple cuboidal epthelium?
ducts of glands ,tubular parts of nephron
secretion and absorption
What is the structure of columnar epithelium?
it is single layered and tall and slender cell
Where is the nucleus of the columnar epithelium present?
it is present in the base of the epithelium
Where is ciliated columnar epithelium found ?
they are found in the bronchioles and fallopian tube
What are hte two types of glands on the basis of hte number of cells ?
unicellular cells
multicellular cells
Give some examples of substances that is secreted by the exocrine galnds?
mucus , saliva , ear wax , milk, digestive juices
What is the meaning of cimpound epithelium?
they have more than one layer of cells
Give some examples where compound epithelium is found?
buccal cavity , pharynx, inner lining of the salivary glands `
What are the three types of cell juncitons?
tight junciton
adhering junction ‘
gap junction
intedigitation
What is the function of tight junction ?
they stop form leaking of substances
What is the function of adhering junction ?
they cement neighbouring cells
What is the function of gap junctions ?
they communicate with each other by connecting by the cytoplasm of adjacent cells
Which is the most abundant tissue in the human body?
it is the connective tissue
What is the function of the connective tisue?
their special function is liking and supporting other tissue
Which connective tissue does not have any fibres?
blood
What are the connective tissue present in the conenctive tissue?
elastin and collagen
What are the three types of connective tissue?
loose connective tissue
dense connective tissue
specialized connective tissue
What is the charecteristc feature of loose connective tissue?
they have semi fluid ground structure and cells and fibres loosely arranged
What is the function of the areolar tissue?
it serves as the framework of the epithelium
What are the cells mainly present in the areolar tissue?
fibroblast
mast cells
macrophage
What is hte function of the adipose tissue?
they store food and the excess nutrients
How are the fibers of the dense connective tissue arranged?
rows or bundles of collagen fibres
Give some exampels of dense connective tissue?
tendon and ligament
How are the fibres in the dense irregular connective tissue arranged?
they are not stored in a regular manner
Give soem examples of dense irregular connective tissue?
skin
What are the two types of specialized connective tissue?
blood , bones
Describe hte structure of the matrix of cartilage?
solid
pliable
resists compression
Where is cartilage present in the human body?
tip of nose
outer ear joint
between adjacent bones of vertebral column
limbs and hands in adults
What substance gives the bone its hard structure ?
calcium salts and collagen fibres
Where are the bone cells present in the bone ?
lacunae
Which is the specialized fluid connective tissue ?
blood
What are the four compoents of hte cells present in the blood?
RBC
WBC
plasma
platelets
What are the muscle fibre composed of ?
myofibrils
What are the three types of the muscle fibres ?
skeletal muscles
cardiac muscles
smooth muscle
What type of tissue encloses a bundle of the muscle ifbre ?
s sheath of tough connective tissue
Are the smooth muscles bundled ?
no
Are the skeletal muscle bundled?
yes
What is responsible for holding the smooth muscles together ?
cell junctions
How are the cardiac muscles attached to each other in a cardiac muscle?
the cell membrane are attached
What are the commmunication junction in a cardiac muscle ?
intercalated discs
What is the function of the neuro glail cells ?
they protect and supports the neurons
What is the meaning of morphology?
teh study of external visible features
What is the meaning of anatomy?
the morphology of internal structures
