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League of Legends S11 > Chapter 22 : Chemical Control and Integration > Flashcards

Chapter 22 : Chemical Control and Integration Flashcards

1
Q

Why is there a need for chemical coordination?

A

because the nerve cannot reach all the cells of a body

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2
Q

What is the meaning of hormone ?

A

these are non nutrient chemicals that acts intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts

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3
Q

Where is hypothalamus present?

A

in the lower part of deincephalon

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4
Q

What are the neurosecretory cells of the ypothalamus called?

A

nuclei

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5
Q

What are the two types of hormones of hypothalamus?

A

inhibitory and releasing

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6
Q

What releases stomatstaitin?

A

hypothalamus

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7
Q

What releases the growth hormones?

A

pituitary gland

the pituitary gland releases the hormones in response to GnRH

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8
Q

What helps in sending the neurosecretory hormone form the hypothalams to the anterior pituitary ?

A

portal secretory systme

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9
Q

What controls the secretion of the prosterior pituitary

A

it is under direct control of the hypothalamus

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10
Q

What is the cavity where the pituitary gland is present?

A

sella turisca

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11
Q

How is sella turisca attached to the pituitary gland?

A

stalk

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12
Q

What are the anatomical parts of the pituitary gland?

A

adenohypophysis

neurohypophysis

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13
Q

What are the parts of teh pituitary gland on the basis of their secretion?

A

pars distalis

pars intermedia

pars nevosa

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14
Q

What are secretions of pars distalis?

A

growth hormone

prolactin hormone

thyroid stimulating hormone

adrenocorticotrophic hormone

lutrnizing hormone

follicle stimulating hormone

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15
Q

What is the secretion of pars intermedia?

A

melanocyte stimulating hormoen

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16
Q

What are the secretion of the pars nervosa?

A

oxcytosin

vasopressing

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17
Q

What is the funciton of vasopressin?

A

reabsorption of water and Na ion

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18
Q

What is the function of oxcytocin hormone?

A

contration of smooth muscles in urethra

milk ejection form mamary gland

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19
Q

Where are the oxytocin and the vasopressin formed?

A

in the hypothalamus and then released from the pars nervosa

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20
Q

What is the function fo leutenizing hormone and follicle stiumlating hormoen in males?

A

lutenizing hormone : androgen synthesis

follicle SH : spermatogenesis

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21
Q

What is the function of lutenizing hormone and follicle stiumlating hormoen in females?

A

lutenizing hormone: ovulation of mature follicle and maintainance of corpus luteum

follicle SH :development of ovarian follicles

22
Q

What leads to diabetes insupidus?

A

impairment of realeasing ADH(vasopressing) which leads to water loss and dehydration
this condition is known as diabetes insupidus

23
Q

What are the secretion of the pineal gland?

A

melatonin

24
Q

What is the function of melatonin ?

A 
maintaining the normal body rythm 
body temperature 
infleunce metalbosim 
pigmentation 
mestrual cycle
25
Q

What are the two types of cells present in the thyroid gland>?

A

stroma and follicle

26
Q

What are the two secretions of the thyroid gland?

A

t3 and t4

TCT(thyrocalcitonin) reduce Ca in blood

27
Q

What is the disease caused by hypothyroidism?

A

goitre

28
Q

What happens to the foetus is hte mother has hypothyroidism ?

A

defective development and maturation of baby

stunted growth and mental retardation , low IQ , abonormal skin , deaf-mutinism

29
Q

What can happen to an adult women becuase of hypothyroidism?

A

irregular mentrual cycle

30
Q

What are the causes of hyperthyroidism?

A

cancer in the thyroid cells

formation of nodules

31
Q

What is the other name of graves disesase?

A

exophtalmic goitre

32
Q

What are the charecteristics of hyperthyroidism?

A

enlargement of thyroid gland

eyeballs

BMR (high )

weight loss

33
Q

What are the important roles of the thyroid hormones>?

A

regulation of BMR

formation of RBC

metaolism of fats, carbohydrate,protein

34
Q

What are is the secretion of parathyroid hormones?

A

PTH (parathyroxine hormone)

35
Q

What is the funciton of PTH?

A

increases the blood Ca levels

dissolution of bone

stimulates the absoriton of Ca in renal tubules

increases the absorption of Ca in digested food

Ca level in body is maintained by it

36
Q

Where is the thymus presnet?

A

behind the sterum and between the lungs on the ventral side of the aorta

37
Q

What is the secretion thymus?

A

thymosins

38
Q

What is the function of thymosins?

A

differentation of T lymphocytes

39
Q

What are the secretions of the adrenal medulla called?

A

catecholamines

40
Q

What happens in the addisons disease?

A

the adrenal cortex alters the carbhydrate metabolism causing acute weakness and fatigue leading to this disease

41
Q

What are the secretions of the adrenal medula?

A

adrenalin

nor adrenaline

42
Q

What is the funciton the catecholamienes?

A

increase alertness
pupilary dialation
piloerection
sweating

increase the heart contraction

breakdown of glycogen resulting in increased gluciose in blood

stimulate hte break down of lipids and proteins

43
Q

What are thesecretions ofthe adrenal cortex?

A

glucocorticoids

mineralocorticoids

44
Q

What are functions of the glucocortidcoids?

A

glyconeogenesis, lipolysis, proteolysis

inhibit the cellular uptake of the amino acids

maintain the cardiovascular system

45
Q

What are functions of cortisols?

A

anti inflammation

supress the immune system

RBC production

46
Q

What are the functis of the mineralocorticoids?

A

reabsorption of Na+ and water ions

secretions of phosphate and K

hels in maintaining the osmotic pressure

47
Q

What are the two types of the pancreatic cells?

A

alpha

beta cells

48
Q

What is the function of glucagon?

A

acts on the liver cells and stimulates the glycogenolysis resulting in increased blood sugar

reduces the cellular glucose uptake

49
Q

On which cells does the glucagon mainly act on ?

A

the liver cells

50
Q

On which cells deos insulin mainly act on ?

A

liver cells and adipocyte and increase the cellular glucose uptake

51
Q

testes part is not done

A

testes part is not done

League of Legends S11 (22 decks)

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