Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP Biology > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

The continuity of life is based on?

A

cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cell division enables multicellular eukaryotes to develop from a _____ and once fully grown to ____, ___, or, ___

A

single cell, renew, repair, replace cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cell division is an integral part of the?

A

cell cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cell cycle

A

the life of a cell from its formation to its own division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most cell division results in?

A

genetically identical daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

all DNA in a cell constitutes?

A

the cells genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

DNA molecules in a cell are packaged into?

A

chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of?

A

chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

chromatin

A

complex of DNA and Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

somatic cells have ___ chromosomes

A

46

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

somatic cells are _____ and gametes are ____.

A

nonreproductive, reproductive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

gametes have ___ chromosomes

A

23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When a cell is not dividing, each chromosomes is?

A

a long, thin chromatin fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Each duplicated chromosome has?

A

2 sister chromatids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sister chromatids

A

joined copies of the original chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Centromere

A

where the two chromatid are most closely attached.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Once separated, the chromatids are considered?

A

individual chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Eukaryotic cells division consists of?

A

mitosis and cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

mitosis

A

distribution of chromosomes into two daughter nuclei.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

mitosis only occurs if you have?

A

a nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cytokinesis

A

the division of the cytoplasm producing two daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Meiosis yields?

A

non identical daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

daughter cells from meiosis have only ___ sets of chromosomes.

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The cell cycle consists of?

A

-mitotic phase
-interphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Mitotic phase includes?
mitosis and cytokinesis
26
Interphase includes?
cell growth and copying chromosomes in prep for cell division
27
Interphase subphases
-G1 phase -S phase -G2 phase
28
Mitosis is divided into 5 stages
-prophase -Prometaphase -Metaphase -Anaphase -Telephase
29
G1 phase
metabolic activity and growth
30
G2 phase
metabolic activity, growth, and preparation for cell division
31
S phase
metabolic activity, growth, and DNA synthesis
32
Miotic phase includes?
mitosis and cytokinesis
33
Prophase
Chromosomes condense and become visible, the nuclear membrane begins to break down, and the spindle apparatus starts to form
34
Prometaphase
Microtubules from the spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.
35
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell.
36
Anaphase
Sister chromatids of each chromosome separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.
37
Telophase
Two new nuclear membranes form around the separated chromosomes, and the cell begins to divide into two daughter cells
38
miotic spindle
structure made of microtubules and associated proteins
39
what does the miotic spindle do?
controls chromosome movement during mitosis
40
In animal cells, assembly of spindle microtubules begins in?
the centrosome
41
centrosome
Type of microtubule organizing center
42
Kinetochores
protein complexes that assemble on section of DNA at centromeres
43
metaphase plate
imaginary structure at the midway point between the spindle's two poles
44
In anaphase, _______ and ___ the kinetochore microtubles toward ____.
chromatids separate, move along, opposite ends of the cell
45
Cytokinesis begins during _____ and the _____.
anaphase or telophase, spindle eventually disassembles
46
In animal cells, what forms during cytokinesis?
clevage
47
cleavage furrow
shallow groove in the cell surface
48
In plant cells what forms during cytokinesis?
cell plate
49
binary fission
How prokaryotes perform cell division
50
In bacteria, ___ beginning at the ___.
the single chromosome replicates, origin of replication.
51
The frequency of cell division varies with?
the type of cells
52
The cell cycle is driven by ____ present in ____.
specific signaling molecules, the cytoplasm
53
The sequential events of the cell cycle are directed by?
distinct cell cycle control system
54
cell cycle control system is similar to?
control device of a washing machine
55
The clock has specific ____ where the cell cycle ___.
checkpoints, stops until a go-ahead signal is received.
56
Which checkpoint is the most important?
G1
57
G0 phase
nondividing state due to not receiving a go-ahead signal.
58
cyclins
set of regulatory proteins and protein complexes.
59
example of cyclins
kinases and proteins
60
Attachment of all the kinetochores activates ___ which then activates ___
a regulatory complex, enzyme seperase
61
Examples of external signals
growth factors, density-dependent inhibition
62
growth factors
proteins released by certain cells that stimulate other cells to divide.
63
density-dependent inhibition
crowded cells stop dividing
64
Most animal cells exhibit ___?
anchorage dependence
65
anchorage dependence
cells must be attached to something inside a culture flask or extra cellular matrix of a tissue in order to divide.
66
What do cancer cells not exhibit?
density-dependent anchorage nor anchorage dependence.
67
Cancer cells do not?
respond to signals that normally regulate the cell cycle.
68
Transformation
cells in culture that can divide indefinitely
69
benign tumor
abnormal cells remain only at the original site.
70
malignant tumors
abnormal cells invade surrounding tissues and undergo metastasis
71
metastasis
cancer cells go to other parts of the body and form additional tumors.
72
What is used to treat known or suspected metastatic tumors?
chemotherapy

AP Biology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions