Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

virus

A

infectious particle consisting of little more than genes packaged into a protein coat

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2
Q

capsid

A

protein shell that encloses the viral genome

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3
Q

capsids are built from protein sub units called?

A

capsomeres

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4
Q

viral envelopes are derived from?

A

host cells membrane and contain a combo of viral and host cells molecules

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5
Q

bacteriophages

A

viruses that infect bacteria

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6
Q

viruses are ___ because they can___.

A

obligate intracellular parasites, replicate only within a host cell

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7
Q

host range

A

limited number of host species that it can infect

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8
Q

viral infections of multicellular eukaryotes are limited to?

A

particular tissues

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9
Q

lytic cycle

A

phage replicative cycle that culminates in the death of host cell.

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10
Q

lytic cell produces ___ and lyses the ___

A

new phages, the host cell wall

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11
Q

virulent phage

A

phage that reproduces only by lytic cycle

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12
Q

lysogenic cell

A

replicates the phage genome without destroying the host

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13
Q

temperate phages

A

phages that use both lytic and lysogenic cycles

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14
Q

The viral DNA molecule is incorporated into the ____ during lysogenic cycle.

A

host cell’s chromosome

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15
Q

prophage

A

integrated viral DNA

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16
Q

Every time a host divides it?

A

copies the phage DNA and passes the copies to daughter cells

17
Q

An environmental signal can trigger the viruses genes to ?

A

exit the bacterial chromosome and switch to lytic mode

18
Q

Phage DNA is often identified as __ and cut up by ___

A

foreign, restriction enzymes

19
Q

Retroviruses use __ to copy their RNA genome into DNA

A

reverse transcriptase

20
Q

Human immunodeficiency virus

A

retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

21
Q

Provirus

A

viral DNA that is integrated into the host genome

22
Q

A provirus is a permanent?

A

resident of the host cell

23
Q

RNA molecules function both as?

A

mRNA for synthesis of viral proteins and genomes for new viruses.

24
Q

Mobile genetic elements

A

plasmids, transposons, and viruses

25
vaccine
harmless derivative of pathogen that stimulates immune system to mount defenses against the pathogen
26
epidemic
general outbreak
27
pandemic
global epidemic
28
H1N1 identifies forms of 2 viral surface proteins __ and ____
Hemagglutinin (H) and Neuraminidase (N)
29
What has allowed mosquitoes carrying dengue fever to move to new locations?
climate change
30
prions
proteins that are known to be infectious
31
Prions can be transmitted in?
food
32
Prions incubation period can be at least?
10 years
33
Prions are virtually ___.
indestructible