Chapter 3 Flashcards
Organic Compound
A compound containing carbon.
Critically important molecules of all living things?
-Carbohydrates
-Lipids
-Nucleic Acids
-Proteins
What can macromolecules be formed out of?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins.
Hydrocarbons
organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen.
Hydrocarbons can undergo reactions that release?
large amounts of energy
Isomers
compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structure.
structural isomers
Differ in the covalent arrangement of their atoms.
cis-trans isomers
molecules that have the same formula but different orientation of the functional groups.
The subtle differences in shape between cis-trans isomers can greatly affect the?
activities of organic molecules
Enantiomers
Isomers that are mirror images of one another.
In enantiomers, usually only?
one isomer is biologically active
functional groups
chemical groups that affect molecular function by being involved in chemical reactions.
7 important functional groups?
-Hydroxyl Group
-Carbonyl Group
-Carboxyl Group
-Amino Group
-Sulfhydryl Group
-Phosphate Group
-Methyl Group
Way to memorize 7 functional groups?
HAMPCCS
ATP stands for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP
source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level.
what has an important function in the cell?
ATP
polymer
long chains made up of monomers.
monomers
small building block molecules
Dehydration synthesis
two monomers bond together, releasing a H2O molecule
Hydrolysis
Polymers are disassembled into monomers by adding H2O.
Dehydration reaction and hydrolysis are facilitated by?
enzymes
Macromolecules vary among?
cells of an organism, in a species, and between species.
Carbohydrates include?
sugars and the polymers of sugars