Chapter 14 Flashcards
The DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating ___ and of _____ involved in ____.
the synthesis of proteins, RNA molecules, protein synthesis
proteins are?
the link between genotype and phenotype
gene expression
process by which DNA directs protein synthesis
2 stages of gene expression
transcription and translation
metabolic pathway
cells synthesize and degrade molecules in a series of steps
Beadle and Tatum began studying the haploid bread mold ____ because it would be____?
Neurospora crassa, easier to detect recessive mutations
Beadle and Tatum generated ___, each of which was ___.
nutritional mutants, unable to synthesize a particular essential nutrient
For Neurospora one set of mutants all required ___ for ___.
arginine, growth
Some proteins are not ___, so researches revised the ____ hypothesis to ___.
enzymes, one gene-one enzyme, one gene-one protein
Beadle and Tatum’s hypothesis is now restarted as the ___ hypothesis.
one gene-one polypeptide
____ is the bridge between __ and ___ synthesis.
RNA, protein, DNA
2 stages of getting DNA to protein
transcription and translation
Transcription
synthesis of RNA using info in DNA
Transcription produces?
mRNA
Translation
synthesis of a polypeptide using info in mRNA
Sites of translation
Ribosomes
In eukaryotes, the nuclear envelope separates?
transcription from translation
Eukaryotic RNA transcriptions are modified through ___ to yield __
RNA processing, mRNA
Primary transcript
initial RNA transcript from any gene prior to processing
Central dogma
concept that cells are governed by a cellular chain of command
There are only ___ nucleotides bases to specify ___ amino acids
4, 20
The flow of info from ___ to ___ is based on __
gene, protein, triplet code
triplet code
a series of nonoverlapping three-nucleotide words of mRNA
The words from mRNA are then translated into?
a chain of amino acids forming a polypeptide
During transcription, the template strand?
provides a template for ordering the sequence of complementary nucleotides in an RNA transcript
codons
mRNA triplets
codons are read in the ___ direction.
5’-3’
coding strand
nontemplate DNA strand
The genetic code is __
redundant
redundant
more than one codon may specify a particular amino acid
No codon specify ___
more than one amino acid
