Chapter 19 Flashcards
Lepidopterans illustrate 3 key observations about life
-fit between organisms and environment
-shared characteristics of life
-diversity of life
A new era of biology began when Charles Darwin published?
On the Origin of Species
On the Origin of Species
focused biologists attention on the great diversity of organisms.
Evolution
descent with modification
Scala naturae
concept that views the natural world as hierarchical structure
Carolus Linnaeus developed the ___.
binomial format for naming species
The study of __ helped to lay out the groundwork of Darwin’s ideas.
fossils
strata
layers in which fossils appear
Paleontology
study of fossils
Jean- Baptiste de Lamarck was the first to propose?
an evolutionary mechanism for how life changes over time
Charles Darwin was on a 5 year voyage on the ___.
HMS Beagle
Darwin was influenced by?
Lyell’s Principles of Geology
Darwin perceived ____ and ___ as closely related processes.
adaptation to environment, origin of new species
Natural Selection
process in which individuals with favorable inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Descent with Modification explains 3 broad observations about nature
-The unity of life
-The diversity of life
-The ways organisms are suited to their environments
Tips of branches represent?
present day organisms
Unlabeled branches represent
extinct groups
Each fork represents?
most recent common ancestor
artificial selection
humans modify other species over generations through selective breeding
Members of a population often?
vary in their inherited traits
All species can produce more offspring than?
the environment can support
Individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of surviving tend to leave?
more offspring than other individuals
Unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will lead to the accumulation of?
favorable traits in the population
Darwin was influenced by?
Thomas Malthus
Thomas Malthus
observed that human populations tend to increase when greater food supply
Overproduction and scarcity is related to?
natural populations
What evolves over time?
populations
Specific traits that are adaptive will?
vary from place to place
4 types of data that document the pattern of evolution
-Direct observations
-Homology
-The fossil record
-Biogeography
What bacterium is commonly found on people’s skin and nasal passages?
Staphylococcus aureus
What is a dangerous pathogen?
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)
What is S. aureus resistant to?
penicillin and methicillin
