Chapter 10

Question 1

Offspring reassemble their parents more than?

Answer 1

unrelated individuals

Question 2

Heredity

Answer 2

transmission of traits from one generation to the next

Question 3

variation

Answer 3

demonstrated by the differences in appearance that offspring show from parents and siblings.

Question 4

genetics

Answer 4

scientific study of heredity and variation.

Question 5

genes

Answer 5

units of heredity

Question 6

what are genes made up of?

Answer 6

segments of DNA

Question 7

Genes are passed to the next generation by?

Answer 7

gametes

Question 8

Each gene has a specific ___ on a certain chromosome

Answer 8

locus

Question 9

locus

Answer 9

specific position

Question 10

asexual reproduction

Answer 10

single individual passes genes without fusion of gametes

Question 11

clone

Answer 11

group of genetically identical individuals from the same parent, produced asexually.

Question 12

sexual reproduction

Answer 12

two parents give rise to offspring that have genes inherited from of them.

Question 13

life cycle

Answer 13

generation to generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.

Question 14

karyotype

Answer 14

an ordered display of the pairs of chromosomes from a cell.

Question 15

homologous chromosomes

Answer 15

two chromosomes in each pair

Question 16

homologous chromosomes are also known as?

Answer 16

homologs

Question 17

homologous pair

Answer 17

chromosomes that are the same length shape, and carry genes with the same inherited characteristics.

Question 18

human female homologous pair

Answer 18

xx

Question 19

human male homologous pair

Answer 19

xy

Question 20

autosomes

Answer 20

remaining 22 pairs of chromosomes

Question 21

Each pair of homologous chromosomes includes?

Answer 21

one pair of chromosomes from each parent.

Question 22

diploid cell has?

Answer 22

2 sets of chromosomes

Question 23

symbol for diploid cell

Answer 23

2n

Question 24

each replicated chromosome consists of?

Answer 24

two identical sister chromatids

Question 25

haploid cell has?

Answer 25

1 set of chromosomes

Question 26

fertilization

Answer 26

the union of gametes

Question 27

zygote

Answer 27

fertilized egg

Question 28

The zygote produces ___ by ___.

Answer 28

somatic cells, mitosis

Question 29

What human cells are produced by meiosis?

Answer 29

gametes

Question 30

Meiosis is preceded by?

Answer 30

duplication of chromosomes

Question 31

Meiosis takes place in?

Answer 31

Meiosis l and Meiosis ll

Question 32

What takes place in Meiosis l and ll results in?

Answer 32

4 daughter cells

Question 33

allele

Answer 33

different versions of genes

Question 34

Meiosis reduces the number of ___ from ____ with each daughter cell receiving ____?

Answer 34

chromosome sets, 2 to 1, 1 set of chromosomes

Question 35

In the second meiotic division what is the result?

Answer 35

4 haploid cells

Question 36

What happens in prophase 1 of meiosis?

Answer 36

-homologous chromosomes pair up -Crossing over occurs

Question 37

What happens in metaphase 1 of meiosis?

Answer 37

-homologous pairs line up at metaphase plate -microtubles attach

Question 38

What happens in anaphase 1 of meiosis?

Answer 38

-homologus pairs seperate -sister chromatids remain attached and move towards opposite poles

Question 39

What happens in telophase 1 and cytokinesis of meiosis?

Answer 39

-clevage furrow forms -cytoplasm divides

Question 40

crossing over

Answer 40

nonsister chromatids exchange DNA segments

Question 41

chiasmata

Answer 41

homologous pair with one or more x-shaped region

Question 42

tetrad

Answer 42

structure formed during meiosis consisting of 4 chromatids.

Question 43

What does not occur before the beginning of meiosis 2?

Answer 43

chromosome duplication

Question 44

At the end of meiosis there are ____ daughter cells.

Answer 44

4

Question 45

Each daughter cells of meiosis is?

Answer 45

genetically distinct

Question 46

synaptonemal complex

Answer 46

zipper-like structure that forms between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Question 47

synapsis

Answer 47

process of joining chromosomes from each parent

Question 48

3 events unique to meiosis

Answer 48

-crossing over and sysnapsis -alignment of homologus pairs at the metaphase plate -seperation of homologs

Question 49

crossing over and synapsis

Answer 49

homologous chromosomes physically connects and exchange genetic information

Question 50

alignment of homologous pairs at the metaphase plate

Answer 50

homologous pairs of chromosomes are positioned at metaphase plate

Question 51

mutations are?

Answer 51

original source of genetic diversity

Question 52

alleles

Answer 52

different versions of genes

Question 53

3 mechanisms that contribute to genetic variation

Answer 53

-Independent assortment of chromosomes -Crossing over -random fertilization

Question 54

independent assortment

Answer 54

random separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis

Question 55

On average how many crossover events occur per chromosome pair?

Answer 55

1-3

Question 56

There are more than ____ possible combinations in chromosomes in humans.

Answer 56

2^23 or 8 million