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Micro Biology > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

controlling microbial growth in environment

1
Q

sterilization def

A

destruction of all microbes on an object

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2
Q

antisepsis def

A

removing most organisms from living tissue . especially pathogens

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3
Q

disinfection def

A

removing most/all microbes from a non-living surface

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4
Q

pasteurization def

A

heat to destroy pathogens and decrease spoilage microbes in food

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5
Q

-cidal means

A

to kill

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6
Q
  • static means
A

to inhibit growth

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7
Q

is there a difference btw cidal and static

A

most show no difference

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8
Q

ideally agents for the control of microbes should be what :

A

harmless to humans, animals, and objects
inexpensive
fast-acting
stable during storage

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9
Q

Biosafety levels through what

A

1 to 4

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10
Q

BSL 1 is what

A

not known to cause disease in healthy humans

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11
Q

BSL 2 is what

A

associated with human disease

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12
Q

BSL 3 is what

A

potential for aerosal transmission, serious/fatal

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13
Q

BSL 4 is what

A

high risk of fatal infections, aerosal transmission in lab
–related agents of unknown risk of transmission

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14
Q

What are some physical methods of microbial control

A

Heat
Refrigeration and Freezing
Desiccation and Lyophilization
Osmotic Pressure

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15
Q

What are some chemical methods of microbial control

A

alcohols
halogens
oxidizing agents
radiation

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16
Q

what are the effects of high temp

A

denature proteins
lower integrity of cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall
disrupt nucleic acids

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17
Q

two types of heating methods

A

moist heat and dry heat

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18
Q

moist heat does what

A

autoclave/boil
disinfect,sanitize, sterilize, and pasteurize
denatures proteins and destroys membranes

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19
Q

what type of heat is more effective

A

moist heat

20
Q

dry heat does what

A

for materials that cant withstand moist heat
requires higher temp for a longer time

21
Q

Refrigeration and Freezing info

A

lower microbial metabolism/reproduction
some microbes can multiply in refrigerated foods

22
Q

what is listeria

A

grows in cold places

23
Q

desiccation def

A

drying inhibits growth due to removal of water

24
Q

lyophilization def

A

freeze-drying is long-term preservation. it prevents formation of damaging ice crystals

25
Q

Osmotic Pressure info

A

high conc of salt or sugar inhibits growth on food
cells in hypertonic solution lose water
even if bacteria survive, they are stressed and have limited replication

26
Q

what does salt preservation lead to

A

no spoilage

27
Q

what inhibits growth on food

A

high conc of salt or sugar

28
Q

alcohols info

A

denature proteins and membranes
swabbbing skin removes most microbes
not effective on endospores

29
Q

halogens info

A

damage enzymes by denaturation
many different applications. like chlorine

30
Q

oxidizing agents info

A

kill by oxidation of microbial enzymes.
like hydrogen peroxide

31
Q

radiation type

A

ionization and nonionization

32
Q

wavelengths of ionization vs nonionizing

A

shorter than 1 nm in ionization
longer than 1 nm in non ionization

33
Q

what does ionization radiation do to ions

A

disrupt H bonding, covelent bonding, denature DNA

34
Q

what does nonionizing radiation do

A

excited electrons to form new covelent bonds
affects 3D structure of proteins and nucleic acids

35
Q

non ionization radiation ex

A

UV light

36
Q

Ionization radiation ex

A

electron beams, gamma rays, some X-rays

37
Q

Uv light def

A

is known as a mutagen
causes damage to the dna

38
Q

effects of dna mutations of single celled

A

quick imapct

39
Q

effects of dna mutations on multicelled

A

impact over time

40
Q

3 possible effects of mutation

A

no effect
advantageous
deleterious

41
Q

codon def

A

set of 3 nucleotides that code for an amino acid

42
Q

types of DNA mutations

A

point mutations (silent, missense, or nonsense)
frameshift (insertion, deletion)

43
Q

Photoreactivation def

A

the process of light dependent repair of UV damage

44
Q

Photolyase def

A

enzyme that reparis pyrimide dimers . they are activated by visible light

45
Q
A

Micro Biology (19 decks)

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