Chapter 1

Question 1

Micro organisms. they are the most ______ and ______ group of organisms

Answer 1

populous and diverse

Question 2

where are micro organisms found

Answer 2

everywhere on the planet

Question 3

how can microorganisms benefit us

Answer 3

with production of food, beverages, antibiotics, and vitamins

Question 4

what percentage of micro organisms are knwon to cause illness in humans

Answer 4

less than 1% of known bacterial species

Question 5

Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek did what

Answer 5

began making and using microscopes and examined water and visualized microbes

Question 6

Taxonomy def

Answer 6

a system for naming plants and animals and grouping similar organisms together

Question 7

what are the 6 categories

Answer 7

Bacteria, Archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, small multicell animals

Question 8

eukaryotes

Answer 8

fungi protozoa algae and small multicell animals

Question 9

prokaryotes

Answer 9

bacteria and archaea

Question 10

prokaryotic traits

Answer 10

no membrane bound nucleus
‘no membrane bound organelles and usually smaller in size

Question 11

eukaryotic traites

Answer 11

yes membrane bound nucleus
yes membrane bound organelles
usually more complex and larger in size

Question 12

are bacteria and archaea unicellular or multicellular

Answer 12

unicellular and lack nuclei

Question 13

where are bacteria and archaea found

Answer 13

anywhere there is enough mositure

Question 14

extremophiles

Answer 14

some archaea that can survive in extreme environments like high salt or high heat

Question 15

what cell walls contain peptidoglycan, what does not

Answer 15

bacteria cell walls do, and archaeal cell walls do not.

Question 16

fungi traits

Answer 16

eukaryotic, yes cell walls, has two forms which are molds (multicelled) and yeasts (unicellular)

Question 17

protozoa traits

Answer 17

single celled eukaryotes, similar to animals in nutrient needs and cell structure, some live freely in water, some live in animal hosts

Question 18

algae traits

Answer 18

can be unicellular or multicellular, are photosynthetic, produce a majority of earth

Question 19

parasitic worms traits

Answer 19

multicellular, and commonly infect intestines

Question 20

viruses traits

Answer 20

not cells (acellular, require a host cell to replicate, obligate intercellular parasites, are made of DNA or RNA and a protein coat

Question 21

Are fungi mc or uc

Answer 21

molds are mc and yeasts are uc

Question 22

are protozoa mc or uc

Answer 22

are uc

Question 23

are algae mc or uc

Answer 23

they can be either

Question 24

are parasitic worms mc or uc

Answer 24

mc

Question 25

are viruses mc or uc

Answer 25

they are not cells. Acellular

Question 26

golden age of microbio was when

Answer 26

late 1800s and early 1900s

Question 27

is microbial life spontaneously generated ?

Answer 27

no

Question 28

3 processes to create life

Answer 28

asexual, sexual, and non living matter

Question 29

redis experiments was what

Answer 29

the steak in a flask, sealed flask was no maggots

Question 30

lazzara spallanzanis experiments

Answer 30

boiled to kill microbes, but once seal was broke then microbes appreared

Question 31

louis pasteurs experiments

Answer 31

performed swan necked flask experiments. the air flowed in , but the microbes stayed in the bottom of the swan neck

Question 32

what casues fermentation ?

Answer 32

yeast

Question 33

what were the ideas of what caused fermentation

Answer 33

spontaneously, then air, then bacteria, then yeast

Question 34

pasteurization def

Answer 34

process of heating liquid just enough to kill most bacteria

Question 35

Grams stain def

Answer 35

the most widely used staining technique, one of the first steps to identify a bacterium

Question 36

how can we prevent infection and disease ?

Answer 36

hand washing, antiseptic, clean hospitals, spidemiology, vaccines, chemotherapy