Chapter 1 Flashcards
Micro organisms. they are the most ______ and ______ group of organisms
populous and diverse
where are micro organisms found
everywhere on the planet
how can microorganisms benefit us
with production of food, beverages, antibiotics, and vitamins
what percentage of micro organisms are knwon to cause illness in humans
less than 1% of known bacterial species
Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek did what
began making and using microscopes and examined water and visualized microbes
Taxonomy def
a system for naming plants and animals and grouping similar organisms together
what are the 6 categories
Bacteria, Archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, small multicell animals
eukaryotes
fungi protozoa algae and small multicell animals
prokaryotes
bacteria and archaea
prokaryotic traits
no membrane bound nucleus
‘no membrane bound organelles and usually smaller in size
eukaryotic traites
yes membrane bound nucleus
yes membrane bound organelles
usually more complex and larger in size
are bacteria and archaea unicellular or multicellular
unicellular and lack nuclei
where are bacteria and archaea found
anywhere there is enough mositure
extremophiles
some archaea that can survive in extreme environments like high salt or high heat
what cell walls contain peptidoglycan, what does not
bacteria cell walls do, and archaeal cell walls do not.
fungi traits
eukaryotic, yes cell walls, has two forms which are molds (multicelled) and yeasts (unicellular)
protozoa traits
single celled eukaryotes, similar to animals in nutrient needs and cell structure, some live freely in water, some live in animal hosts
algae traits
can be unicellular or multicellular, are photosynthetic, produce a majority of earth
parasitic worms traits
multicellular, and commonly infect intestines
viruses traits
not cells (acellular, require a host cell to replicate, obligate intercellular parasites, are made of DNA or RNA and a protein coat
Are fungi mc or uc
molds are mc and yeasts are uc
are protozoa mc or uc
are uc
are algae mc or uc
they can be either
are parasitic worms mc or uc
mc
are viruses mc or uc
they are not cells. Acellular
golden age of microbio was when
late 1800s and early 1900s
is microbial life spontaneously generated ?
no
3 processes to create life
asexual, sexual, and non living matter
redis experiments was what
the steak in a flask, sealed flask was no maggots
lazzara spallanzanis experiments
boiled to kill microbes, but once seal was broke then microbes appreared
louis pasteurs experiments
performed swan necked flask experiments. the air flowed in , but the microbes stayed in the bottom of the swan neck
what casues fermentation ?
yeast
what were the ideas of what caused fermentation
spontaneously, then air, then bacteria, then yeast
pasteurization def
process of heating liquid just enough to kill most bacteria
Grams stain def
the most widely used staining technique,
one of the first steps to identify a bacterium
how can we prevent infection and disease ?
hand washing, antiseptic, clean hospitals, spidemiology, vaccines, chemotherapy
