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Micro Biology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

Nutrition and Growth

1
Q

Microbial growth is what

A

high population of microbes due to reproduction

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2
Q

Results of microbial growth

A

Colony and Biofilm

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3
Q

Colony def

A

an aggregation of cells arising from single parent cell

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4
Q

biofilm def

A

microbes adhering to a surface in a complex community. ex. dental plaque

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5
Q

biofilms do what

A

adherent community of microbes
extracellular matrix (protection)

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6
Q

what are the steps of biofilm

A

protein absorption, bacterial adsorption, bacterial attachment, bacterial growth, biofilm formation, biofilm detachment

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7
Q

benefit of biofilms

A

increased drug tolerance, immune evasion

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8
Q

organisms use a variety of ____ for their energy needs

A

nutrients

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9
Q

Nutrient —-> what

A

catabolism —–> anabolism

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10
Q

what are 3 common nutrients

A

Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen

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11
Q

oxygen is essential for what

A

obligate aerobes

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12
Q

oxygen is deadly for what

A

obligate anaerobes

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13
Q

how can oxygen be deadly

A

it can take on toxic forms that are highly reactive and excellent oxidizing agents

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14
Q

how do aerobes counteract the oxygen radicals

A

by producing enzymes

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15
Q

Obligate Aerobes and oxygen

A

they require O2

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16
Q

Obligate anaerobes and oxygen

A

they are killed by O2

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17
Q

faculative anaerobes and oxygen

A

they like O2, but dont need it

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18
Q

aerotolerant anaerobes and oxygen

A

they are unaffected by O2

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19
Q

what are ecoli (o2 related)

A

faculative anaerobes

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20
Q

pure culture def

A

a population of microbes where all are descendants of the same organism

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21
Q

medium def

A

anything in or on which we grow a microbe
it contains nutrients for the microbes

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22
Q

solid medium name

A

agar

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23
Q

liquid medium name

A

broth

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24
Q

inoculum def

A

microbes which are added into media

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25
Q

where can we obtain microbes

A

environmental, clinical, stored

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26
Q

obtaining pure cultures ex

A

example is aseptic technique

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27
Q

progenitor is termed what

A

a colony forming unit

28
Q

Aseptic technique prevents what

A

the combination of sterical substances, microbial cultures, or objects

29
Q

why is contamination bad?

A

removes the validity of experimental results

30
Q

what are some potential sources of contamination?

A

tools, equipment, eht environment, the scientists

31
Q

what does insufficient nitrogen lead to

A

no anabolism

32
Q

anabolism def

A

Anabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that construct macromolecules like DNA or RNA from smaller units

33
Q

what is nitrogen fixation essential to

A

to life on earth

34
Q

what does nitrogen fixation convert nitrogen gas into

A

into usable nitrogen

35
Q

what can nitrogen fixation be applied to

A

agricultual applications

36
Q

what are the different sources of carbon called

A

autotrophs and heterotrophs

36
Q

energy sources

A

light and chemical compounds

36
Q

carbon sources

A

co2 and organic compounds

37
Q

CO2 and light leads to what

A

photoautotrophs

38
Q

CO2 and chemical compounds leads to what

A

chemoautotrophs

39
Q

Organic compounds and light leads to what

A

photoheterotrophs

40
Q

organic compounds and chemical compounds leads to what

A

chemoheterotrophs

41
Q

what does temperature affect

A

affects 3d structure and function of proteins

42
Q

are membranes sensitive to temperature

A

yes

43
Q

if temp is too low, what happens to the membranes

A

they become rigid and fragile

44
Q

if temp is too high, what happens to the membranes

A

they become too fluid

45
Q

how can pH affect things

A

organisms are sensitive to changes in acididy

46
Q

neutrophiles are

A

near neutral pH

47
Q

acidophiles are what

A

near acidic habitats

48
Q

alkalinophiles are what

A

near alkaline soils and water

49
Q

halophiles are what

A

live in salty environments

50
Q

what do hydrogen ions interfere with

A

H bonding

51
Q

what pH best grows bacteria

A

neutral like 7.3

52
Q

what pH best grows fungi

A

lower pH like 5.6

53
Q

Selective media does what

A

has a substance that either favors or inhibits growth of a particular micro organism

54
Q

differential media does what

A

helps to distinguish differences by presenting a color change to the colony of interest, even though everything grows

55
Q

Whats special about MacConkey Agar

A

it is selective and differential at the same time.

56
Q

describe the bacteria growth curve over time

A

lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, death phase

57
Q

where does the microbial growth curve occur

A

in liquid broth culture

58
Q

lag phase info

A

cells spend time adapting to their new environment, they synthesize new components for growth (anabolism)

59
Q

log phase info

A

maximum growth, high uniformity, rate of division is constant

60
Q

stationary phase infor

A

of viable cells remains constant because the reproductive rate is balanced by death rate. metabolically active.

61
Q

why do cells enter a stationary phase ?

A

possible limited nutrients and oxygne, or theres a toxic waste accumilation

62
Q

death phase info

A

number of viable cells declines, cells die at a constant rate, no nutrients and a lot of waste

63
Q

what if theres a long term stationary phase ?

A

microbial population continually evolves and the number of cells is relatively constatn with small fluctuations. natural selection occurs

64
Q

in the growth curve, where is natural selection occuring

A

in long term stationary phases

65
Q
A

Micro Biology (19 decks)

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