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Chapter 6 Flashcards

Nutrition and Growth

1
Q

Microbial growth is what

A

high population of microbes due to reproduction

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2
Q

Results of microbial growth

A

Colony and Biofilm

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3
Q

Colony def

A

an aggregation of cells arising from single parent cell

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4
Q

biofilm def

A

microbes adhering to a surface in a complex community. ex. dental plaque

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5
Q

biofilms do what

A

adherent community of microbes
extracellular matrix (protection)

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6
Q

what are the steps of biofilm

A

protein absorption, bacterial adsorption, bacterial attachment, bacterial growth, biofilm formation, biofilm detachment

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7
Q

benefit of biofilms

A

increased drug tolerance, immune evasion

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8
Q

organisms use a variety of ____ for their energy needs

A

nutrients

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9
Q

Nutrient —-> what

A

catabolism —–> anabolism

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10
Q

what are 3 common nutrients

A

Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen

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11
Q

oxygen is essential for what

A

obligate aerobes

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12
Q

oxygen is deadly for what

A

obligate anaerobes

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13
Q

how can oxygen be deadly

A

it can take on toxic forms that are highly reactive and excellent oxidizing agents

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14
Q

how do aerobes counteract the oxygen radicals

A

by producing enzymes

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15
Q

Obligate Aerobes and oxygen

A

they require O2

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16
Q

Obligate anaerobes and oxygen

A

they are killed by O2

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17
Q

faculative anaerobes and oxygen

A

they like O2, but dont need it

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18
Q

aerotolerant anaerobes and oxygen

A

they are unaffected by O2

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19
Q

what are ecoli (o2 related)

A

faculative anaerobes

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20
Q

pure culture def

A

a population of microbes where all are descendants of the same organism

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21
Q

medium def

A

anything in or on which we grow a microbe
it contains nutrients for the microbes

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22
Q

solid medium name

A

agar

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23
Q

liquid medium name

A

broth

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24
Q

inoculum def

A

microbes which are added into media

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25
where can we obtain microbes
environmental, clinical, stored
26
obtaining pure cultures ex
example is aseptic technique
27
progenitor is termed what
a colony forming unit
28
Aseptic technique prevents what
the combination of sterical substances, microbial cultures, or objects
29
why is contamination bad?
removes the validity of experimental results
30
what are some potential sources of contamination?
tools, equipment, eht environment, the scientists
31
what does insufficient nitrogen lead to
no anabolism
32
anabolism def
Anabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that construct macromolecules like DNA or RNA from smaller units
33
what is nitrogen fixation essential to
to life on earth
34
what does nitrogen fixation convert nitrogen gas into
into usable nitrogen
35
what can nitrogen fixation be applied to
agricultual applications
36
what are the different sources of carbon called
autotrophs and heterotrophs
36
energy sources
light and chemical compounds
36
carbon sources
co2 and organic compounds
37
CO2 and light leads to what
photoautotrophs
38
CO2 and chemical compounds leads to what
chemoautotrophs
39
Organic compounds and light leads to what
photoheterotrophs
40
organic compounds and chemical compounds leads to what
chemoheterotrophs
41
what does temperature affect
affects 3d structure and function of proteins
42
are membranes sensitive to temperature
yes
43
if temp is too low, what happens to the membranes
they become rigid and fragile
44
if temp is too high, what happens to the membranes
they become too fluid
45
how can pH affect things
organisms are sensitive to changes in acididy
46
neutrophiles are
near neutral pH
47
acidophiles are what
near acidic habitats
48
alkalinophiles are what
near alkaline soils and water
49
halophiles are what
live in salty environments
50
what do hydrogen ions interfere with
H bonding
51
what pH best grows bacteria
neutral like 7.3
52
what pH best grows fungi
lower pH like 5.6
53
Selective media does what
has a substance that either favors or inhibits growth of a particular micro organism
54
differential media does what
helps to distinguish differences by presenting a color change to the colony of interest, even though everything grows
55
Whats special about MacConkey Agar
it is selective and differential at the same time.
56
describe the bacteria growth curve over time
lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, death phase
57
where does the microbial growth curve occur
in liquid broth culture
58
lag phase info
cells spend time adapting to their new environment, they synthesize new components for growth (anabolism)
59
log phase info
maximum growth, high uniformity, rate of division is constant
60
stationary phase infor
of viable cells remains constant because the reproductive rate is balanced by death rate. metabolically active.
61
why do cells enter a stationary phase ?
possible limited nutrients and oxygne, or theres a toxic waste accumilation
62
death phase info
number of viable cells declines, cells die at a constant rate, no nutrients and a lot of waste
63
what if theres a long term stationary phase ?
microbial population continually evolves and the number of cells is relatively constatn with small fluctuations. natural selection occurs
64
in the growth curve, where is natural selection occuring
in long term stationary phases
65

Micro Biology (19 decks)

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