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Micro Biology > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

Infection, Disease, and Epidemiology

1
Q

Symbiosis def

A

to live together

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2
Q

microbiome def

A

symbiotic relationships with countless organisms

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3
Q

mutualism + or 0 or -

A

+ and +

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4
Q

commensalism + or - or 0

A

+ and 0

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5
Q

amensalism + or - or 0

A

.- and 0

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6
Q

parasitism 0 or - or +

A

+ and -

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7
Q

6 steps of the chain of infection

A

pathogen
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host

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8
Q

reservoirs def

A

of infection are sites that maintains pathogens and are a source of infection

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9
Q

animal reservoir def

A

diseases that naturally spread from animal host to humans

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10
Q

human reservoirs def

A

asymptomatic carriers have the potential for more spreading

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11
Q

nonliving reservoirs def

A

soil water and food etc.
originate from contamination of feces

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12
Q

what are the 3 types of transmission

A

contact, vehicle, and vector

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12
Q

portals of exit ex

A

eyes nose mouth skin ears anus urethra

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12
Q

3 forms of contact transmission

A

direct, indirect, droplet

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13
Q

direct contact def

A

body contact btwen hosts

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14
Q

droplet transmission def

A

droplets of mucus in a close proximity

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14
Q

indirect contact def

A

spread via fomites , those are nonliving objects

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15
Q

vehicle transmission types

A

airborne, waterborne, food borne, bodily fluid

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16
Q

airborne ex

A

pathogens travel via aerosol

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17
Q

waterborne ex

A

many GI diseasesf

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18
Q

food borne ex

A

inadequate processing or storage

19
Q

bodily fluid ex

A

blood, urine, and saliva can carry pathogens

20
Q

biological vectors do what

A

transmit pathogens and serve as host for some stage of the pathogens life cycle

21
Q

ex of a vector transmision

A

biological vectors which are like mosquitos

22
Q

3 main portals of entry

A

skin
mucous membranes (respitory and GI)
placenta

23
Q

pathogenicity def

A

ability of a microorganism to cause disease

24
Q

virulence def

A

degree of pathogenicity

25
Q

virulence factor def

A

strategy or product employed by pathogen to cause infection

26
Q

ex of virulence factors

A

adhesion, extracellular enzyems, toxins, antiphagocytic factors

27
Q

adhesion establishes what

A

colonies within the host

28
Q

what do attachment proteins help in

A

adhesion

29
Q

what do some bacterial or fugal pathogens attach to each other to form

A

biofilm

30
Q

what are extra cellular enzymes secreted by

A

by the pathogen

31
Q

what do extracellular enzymes help the pathogen do

A

invade the hose, advoid immune system , and contribute to virulence

32
Q

are toxins or extracellular enzymes always proteins

A

extracellular enzymes

33
Q

toxins harm what

A

tissues. or they trigger host immune responses that cause damagee

34
Q

phagocytosis def

A

engulfment by a host cell

35
Q

antiphagocytic factos def

A

prevent phagocytosis, therefore virulence factors

36
Q

bacterial capsule do what

A

prevent recognition of pathogen and they are slippery and hard to engulf

37
Q

antiphagocytic chemicals do what

A

prevent fusion of lysosome and phagocytic vesicles
and lysosome has enzymes that degrade proteins

38
Q

symptoms def

A

subjective characteristics felt by the patient

39
Q

signs def

A

objective manifestations of desease observed or measured by others

40
Q

what are the 5 infection stages

A

incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, convalescenece

41
Q

review each of the 5 stages of infection

A

no s or s, vague sympt, severs s and s, declining s and s, no signs of s or s

42
Q

epidemiology def

A

the study of where and when disease occur, and how they are transmitted within populations

43
Q

morbidity is what

A

of ppl getting sick/ total population %

44
Q

mortality is what

A

of deaths/ total ppl sick %

45
Q

john snow is the father of what

A

epidemiological studies (in london)

46
Q

hospital epidemiology (HAI is what)

A

Healthcare associated infections

47
Q

are HAI common

A

very common

48
Q

whats the most effective way to reduce HAI

A

handwashing

Micro Biology (19 decks)

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